iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ JuLy 2020

Abstract: Background: Caesarean delivery is defined as an operative procedure to deliver the fetus or fetuses after the period of viability through an incision on the abdominal wall and uterine wall in an intact uterus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified an ideal caesarean section (CS) rate for a nation of around 10-15%. Cesarean section analysis and audits using Robson ten group classification system have identified the main drivers of Cesarean section rates (CSR) are the gravidas with previous CS and the nulliparous with term singleton foetus with vertex presentation (NTSV).1-10 Given the low rates of vaginal birth after a cesarean section, once a woman undergoes her first CS, she is extremely likely to have repeat CS in subsequent pregnancies. This increases the burden....

Keywords: Cesarean section, Singleton pregnancy, Term pregnancy, Vertex presentation, Induction

[1]. Makhanya V, Govender L, Moodley J. Utility of the Robson ten group classification system to determine appropriateness of caesarean section at a rural regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2015;105(4):292-5.
[2]. Ray A, Jose S. Analysis of caesarean-section rates according to Robson's ten group classification system and evaluating the indications within the groups. IJRCOG. 2017;6(2):447-51.
[3]. Dhodapkar SB, Bhairavi S, Daniel M, Chauhan NS, Chauhan RC. Analysis of caesarean sections according to Robson's ten group classification system at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2017;4(3):745-9.
[4]. Litorp H, Kidanto HL, Nystrom L, Darj E, Essén B. Increasing caesarean section rates among low-risk groups: a panel study classifying deliveries according to Robson at a university hospital in Tanzania. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2013;13(1):107.
[5]. Prameela RC, Farha A, Bhanumati PM, Prajwal S. Analysis Of Caesarean Section Rate in a Tertiary Hospital- according to Robsons Ten Group Classification System. 2015;14(2):46-49..

Abstract: Introduction: Mesenteric cysts are benign intra-abdominal lesions which are rare. They have various clinical presentations, most commonly found in the mesentery of small intestine. Treatment includes surgical excision of the cyst with or without bowel resection and anastomosis. Case Report: A 9-year-old girl presented with a lump in the abdomen which was evaluated by USG and CT scan. It turned out to be a huge cyst (19x8 cm) in the mesentery of sigmoid colon which was excised along with the sigmoid colon and Colo-colic anastomosis was done.....

Key words: Mesenteric cyst; Sigmoid Mesocolon

[1]. Sima, R. M., J. C. Radosa, et al. "Novel diagnosis of mesenteric endometrioma: Case report." Medicine (Baltimore)98(29): e16432.
[2]. 13. Chang TS, Ricketts R, Abramowsky CR, et al. Mesenteric cystic masses: a series of 21 pediatric cases and review of the literature. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2011;30(1):40-44.
[3]. Bhullar JS, Orfanou P. The disappearing abdominal mass: mesenteric pseudocyst. JSLS. 2014;18(2):319-322.
[4]. Tan JJ-Y, Tan K-K, Chew S-P. Mesenteric cysts: an institution experience over 14 years and review of literature. World J Surg. 2009;33(9):1961-1965.
[5]. Brunicardi F, Andersen D, Billiar T, et al. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Professional; 2014.

Abstract: Sjogren's syndrome is AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER associated with hashimoto. Here is a case of 43 years female who had a history of hypothyroidism since 1yr 6months on medication thyroxine 50 mcg. patient had initial complaints of xerostomia and xeropthalmia. Later developed dysphagia and cough.

Keywords: Sjogren's syndrome, xerostomia, xerophthalmia.

[1]. Ranisomani,MK sunil,Jaskirat khaira,Dilip kumar.sjogren's Syndrome:A Review; January-March 2011;23(1):61-64; 10.5005/jp-journals-1011-1094.
[2]. Paulkruszka,Robert J.O'brian..Diagnosis and Management of Sjögren Syndrome; March 15, 2009; 79(6):465-470, 472.
[3]. Valéria Valima,Virgínia Fernandes Moc¸ Trevisanib, Sandra Gofinet Pasoto, Erica Vieira Serrano, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio Ribeiro, Tania Sales de Alencar Fidelix , Verônica Silva Vilela , Leandro Lara do Prado, Leandro Augusto Tanure, Tatiana Nayara Libório-Kimura, Odvaldo Honor de Brito Filho, Liliana Aparecida Pimenta de Barros, Samira Tatiyama Miyamoto, Silvia Vanessa Lourenc¸o, Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva Santos, Luis Antonio Vieira, Consuelo Bueno Diniz Adán, Wanderley Marques Bernardo;Recommendations for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome; 2015; 55(5):446–457.
[4]. Jeanne Catanzaro,Shirley Dinkel; Sjögren's Syndrome:The Hidden Disease; July-August 2014;Vol.23/No. 4
[5]. Gayathry V.A, Siriwardena B.S.M.S and Jayasinghe R.D;Sjogren's Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature; Sri Lanka Dental Journal 2016; 46(03) 109-115..

Abstract: Blood vessel is an important organ through circulation process of human body.Due to cell damage and others complexity need to replace blood vessel with artificial blood vessel in a emergency basis.Our main object and research is about implementation human compatible artificial blood vessel with the combination of silk fibroin as a biopolymer and well stable matrix.SF has a high biodegradability and more strength for the surviving purposes in the perspective of human durability and body. Synthetic grafts currently available demonstrate modest performance at the macrovascular stage, but struggle at the microvascularstage.We report on the production of silk fibroin microtubes for restoring blood vessels with many advantages over current scaffold materials / designs. These microtubes were prepared by dipping straight lengths of stainless steel wire into aqueous silk fibroin, where the introduction of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) enabled regulation of microtube porosity. These may also be used for bypass surgery. Whenever possible, doctors allow the damaged artery to heal on its own, rather than repairing it using invasive procedures.

Key Words: SF, blood vessel engineering, Cell biology, TEV, RT-PCR

[1]. Lovett, M., et al., Silk fibroin microtubes for blood vessel engineering. Biomaterials, 2007. 28(35): p. 5271-5279.
[2]. Lovett, M.L., et al., Gel spinning of silk tubes for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2008. 29(35): p. 4650-4657.
[3]. Guo, H.-F., et al., A simply prepared small-diameter artificial blood vessel that promotes in situ endothelialization. Acta Biomaterialia, 2017. 54: p. 107-116.
[4]. Wang, Q., et al., The effect of hirudin modification of silk fibroin on cell growth and antithrombogenicity. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017. 75: p. 237-246.
[5]. Lee, J.M., et al., Three dimensional poly(ε-caprolactone) and silk fibroin nanocomposite fibrous matrix for artificial dermis. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016. 68: p. 758-767..

Abstract: Owing to the greatness of the traditional Siddha system of medicine to the global acceptance inclined work is the timely need by the research scholars and the students. The uniqueness reserved for about centuries beyond had its own challenges. Neverthless this is attained effortlessly by the organized team work and in good leadership. In Reference to usage of Traditional Chinese medicine at a maximum level by the people, the author has attempted a short communication to sort out the challenges and oppurtunities in Siddha system of medcine which will be accomplished to reach the people in maximum..

Key Word: Siddha, traditional, oppurtunities, challenges

.......

Abstract: Ameta-analysison the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, dosing, administration and use of Lesinurad, a novel URAT1 inhibitor for the management of hyperuricemia and gout.Results of randomised phase 3 trials on lesinurad shows that it is superior to xanthine oxidase inhibitors alone, in lowering serum uric acid to the target levels. It was also found to have a tolerable safety profile compared to other antigout therapies.Lesinuradcan be considered as a suitable add-onmedication for patients in whom XOI treatment alone is less effective in achieving target sUA levels

Keywords: Hyperuricemia, gout, Lesinurad, xanthine oxidase inhibitors..

[1]. Pérez-Ruiz F, Jansen T, Tausche A-K, Juárez-Campo M, Ravichandra KG, Richette P. Efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout. Drugs Context. 2019;8(Table 1):1–11.
[2]. Hill-McManus D, Soto E, Marshall S, Lane S, Hughes D. Impact of non-adherence on the safety and efficacy of uric acid-lowering therapies in the treatment of gout. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2018;84(1):142–52.
[3]. Gupta A, Sharma P, Misra A, Singh S. Lesinurad: A significant advancement or just another addition to existing therapies of gout? J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother. 2016;7(4):155.
[4]. Shen Z et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of lesinurad, a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, in healthy adult males. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:3423–34.
[5]. Jones G, Panova E, Day R. Guideline development for the management of gout: Role of combination therapy with a focus on lesinurad. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:3077–81..

Abstract: Background:Uterine rupture is a rare obstetrical complication associated with disastrous outcome. Since the rate of caesarean deliveries has increased in the past decades, the risk of scar rupture is also expected to increase. The incidence of uterine rupture is inversely proportional to quality of obstetric care being provided. In the developing world, uterine rupture can have devastating maternal and/or fetal outcomes due to delayed recognition and/or intervention Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study of patients with uterine rupture from January 2017 to December 2017, admitted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. All the cases of uterine.....

Keyword: Uterine rupture, malpresentation, cesarean section, oxytocics.

[1]. G. J. Hofmeyr, L. Say, and A. M. Gülmezoglu, "WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity: the prevalence of uterine rupture," International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 112, no. 9, pp. 1221–1228, 2005
[2]. P. K. Mukasa, J. Kabakyenga, J. K. Senkungu, J. Ngonzi, M. Kyalimpa, and V. J. Roosmalen, "Uterine rupture in a teaching hospital in Mbarara, western Uganda, unmatched case-control study," Reproductive Health, vol. 10, no. 1, article 29, 2013
[3]. Revicky, V., Muralidhar, A., Mukhopadhyay, S., and Mahmood, T. (2012). A case series of uterine rupture: Lessons to be learned for future clinical practice. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India 62, 665–673
[4]. Singh A, Shrivastava C. Uterine Rupture: Still a Harsh Reality. J.ObstetGynaecol India. 2015;65:158–61. doi: 10.1007/s13224-014-0551-2
[5]. Dadi, T.L., and Yarinbab, T.E. (2017). Estimates of Uterine Rupture Bad Outcomes Using Propensity Score and Determinants of Uterine Rupture in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital: Case Control Study. Journal of Pregnancy 2017.

Abstract: Infertility is defined as failure to conceive during one year of unprotected frequent intercourse1. Leading causes of infertility include tubal disease, ovulatory disorders , uterine or cervical factors, endometriosis and male factor infertility 1,2,3. Major causes according to WHO on a global basis are malnutrition, pelvic tuberculosis and puerperal infections leading to tubal blockage 4. Laparoscopy is an essential step and a standard procedure in the investigation and evaluation of infertile females before initiating infertility treatment 5,6. In the absence of clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of a diagnosis, laparoscopy offers an excellent means through direct visualization.....

[1]. Jose- Miller AB, Boyden JW, Frey KA. Infertility Am Fam Physician 2007; 75: 849.
[2]. Howkins and Bourne. The pathology of conception. In Shaw's textbook of Gynaecology 13th edition. Elsevier 2004.
[3]. Naz T. et al.JCPSP 2009; 19: 704.
[4]. Mehmood S. An audit of diagnostic laparoscopies for infertility. J Surg Pak 2003; 8: 8.
[5]. Tanahatoe SJ,Hompes PG, Lambalk CB. Investigation of the Infertile couple: should diagnostic laparoscopy be performedin the infertility workup programme in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination? Hum Reprod 2003; 18:8. 102 Birdem Medical Journal Vol. 2, No. 2, July 2012

Abstract: Chlorhexidine is the most extensively used antimicrobial agent in dental therapy .It is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that is mainly bactericidal but also effective against some yeasts and viruses. Its use is becoming widespread as an antiplaque agent and it is an adjuvant to the treatment of mechanical plaque control, particularly in individuals with compromised oral hygiene. It is available indifferent formulations like mouth wash, varnish, gel, spray, chewing gum, candy, toothpaste and even local drug delivery and restorative material and is effectively used by all disciplines of dentistry. The article aims to discuss the synthesis, properties, antimicrobial activity, mechanism of action and the side effects as well..

Keyword: Chlorhexidine,anti-microbial, plaque, mouth rinse.

[1]. Jones CG., Chlorhexidine: Is it still the gold standard? Periodontology 2000. 1997 Oct;15(1):55-62.
[2]. Balagopal Shruti , Arjunkumar Radhika . Chlorhexidine: The Gold Standard Antiplaque Agent, J. Pharm. Sci. & Res.2013, Vol.5(12), 270 – 274.
[3]. Schroeder HE, Shanley D. Formation and inhibition of dental calculus. Journal of Periodontology‐Periodontics. 1969 Nov;40(11):643-6.
[4]. Löe H, Von der Fehr FR, Schiött CR. Inhibition of experimental caries by plaque prevention. The effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinsesScandJDent Res. 1972; 80(1):1-9
[5]. Lindhe J. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2003 Jun.
[6]. Schmalz, Gottfried; Bindslev, DortheArenholt . Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Springer Science & Business Media.2008, p. 351.

Abstract: Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia or birth asphyxia) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain. Birth asphyxia is defined by the World Health Organization "the failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth." The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of birth asphyxia and its related factors. Two hundred (200) live births asphyxia neonates whose were clinically diagnosed previously admitted in the department of paediatrics, M Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2017 To December 2017. Clinical information was collected retrospectively from maternal records (maternal age, gravida, type of delivery, presence of meconium, induced or spontaneous labour, and pregnancy complications). The NICU records.....

Keyword: Birth asphyxia, Clinical Outcome, Children

[1]. World Health organization. Basic Newborn Resuscitation; A Practical Guide. World Health Organization: Geneva 1997 [Accessed February 27, 2007. Avilable http:www.who.int/reproductive- health/publication/MSM 98 /introductionen.html.
[2]. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J.4 million neonatal deaths:when? Where? Why? Lancet2005; 365:891- 900.
[3]. Thornberg E, Thiringer K, Odeback A, Milson I. Birth Asphyxia; incidence, clinical course and outcome in a Swedish population. Acta Paediatr 1995; 84:927-32.
[4]. Futrakul S, Praisawanna P, Thaitumyanon P. Risk factor for Hyposic- ischemic encephalopathy in asphysiated newborn infant. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89:322-8.
[5]. Chandre S, Ramji S, Thirupurum S, Perinatal asphyxia; multivariate analysis of risk factors in haopital birth. Indian Pediatr1997; 34:206-12.

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age. It is a heterogenous disorder of uncertain etiology, but there is strong evidence that complex interactions between genetic, environmental and behavioral factors contribute to causing this syndrome. Incidence of PCOS in women of reproductive age is reported to be 5 to 10% which is found increasing than assumed. PCOS is characterized by anovulatory menstrual cycle, infertility, hyperandrogenism and clinically manifested by irregular menstruation, hirsutism, obesity & acne thus resemble different metabolic syndromes9. In the last two decades, three alternative definitions have been formulated for the diagnosis of PCOS. The most widely used 1990 National.....

[1]. Hahn S, Tan S, Sack S, Kimmig R, Quadbeck B, Mann K, et al 2007. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in German women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ExpClinEndocrinol Diabetes; 115:130‑5.
[2]. Zawadzki JK and Dunaif A 1992. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif AGJ, Haseltine F (eds) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Boston: Blackwell Scientific; 377-384.
[3]. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taaylor AE 2006. Positions Statement: Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J ClinEndocrinolMetab, 91, 4237-4245.
[4]. Moran L and Teede H 2009. Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction Update, 15(4), 477-488.
[5]. Michelmore KF, Balen AH, Dunger DB &Vessey MP (1999) Polycystic ovaries and associated clinical and biochemical features in young women. ClinEndocrinol (Oxf) 51: 779-786.

Abstract: La chirurgie ambulatoire(CA) est une chirurgie sans hospitalisation de nuit pour des patients sélectionnés, le diagnostic clinique et paraclinique est variable et spécifiques pour chaque pathologie, le traitement étiologique est d'une part endoscopique et d'autre part est chirurgical, avec un pronostic meilleur pour l'ensemble de nos patients. Notre travail est d'offrir à l'ensemble des urologues un guide leur permettant de développer la pratique d'une chirurgie urologique ambulatoire de qualité avec les mêmes conditions de sécurité qu'en hospitalisation traditionnelle ; en intégrant les technologies et les concepts d'organisation les plus actualisés. Notre travail est une étuderétrospective portant sur tous les malades opérés à froid au bloc central CHU Hassan II de Fès dans le cadre d'une chirurgie ambulatoire sur une période de 2 ans (de 2014 à 2015). Nous avons recueillis 25 dossiers pour lesquels......

[1]. G.Cuvelier ; G.Legrand ; T.LeGuilchet et al. chirurgie ambulatoire en urologie argumentaire ; prgres en urologie (2013) 23, 1-61
[2]. IAAS. International Association for Ambulatory Surgery. Ambulatory (day) surgery. Suggested international terminology and definitions ; 2003
[3]. BERTHELIER S. « Le bus pour la chirurgie ambulatoire » La Santé de l'homme n°307, pages 17-19, Septembre/Octobre 1993
[4]. MALEY E. « Chirurgie ambulatoire : l'âge de raison »,Clinic International n° 65 Octobre 1994 5-Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Dejong CHC, et al. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nut (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2010;29:434-40
[5]. International Association for Ambulatory surgery. Policy brief day surgery:making it happen. London: IAAS; 2007