iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2025

Abstract: Introduction Health-seeking behavior (HSB) involves decisions individuals make when ill, including choosing healthcare providers, self-care methods, and when to seek professional help. In rural, resource-poor areas like Nigeria, HSB is influenced by socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, healthcare access, and perceptions of service quality. Challenges such as long distances, high costs, and inadequate infrastructure lead many to rely on self-medication and traditional medicine......

Keywords: HSB, health, behaviour, rural, Enugu, Nigeria.

[1] OO Latunji, Akinyemi O. FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA. Annals Of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine [Internet]. 2018 Jun;16(1):52. Available From: Https://Pmc.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Articles/PMC6143883/
[2] Mackian S. A Review Of Health Seeking Behaviour: Problems And Prospects. Health Systems Development. University Of Manchester, Manchester, UK. 2002 Nov.
[3] Anselmi L, Lagarde M, Hanson K. Health Service Availability And Health Seeking Behaviour In Resource Poor Settings: Evidence From Mozambique. Health Economics Review [Internet]. 2015 Sep 2 [Cited 2025 Feb 26];5(1). Available From:
Https://Healtheconomicsreview.Biomedcentral.Com/Articles/10.1186/S13561-015-0062-6#Citeas
[4] Olasehinde N. Healthcare Seeking Behavior In Nigeria. Journal Of Population And Social Studies [Internet]. 2018 Jul 3 [Cited 2025 Feb 26];26(3):207–18. Available From: Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/326159455_Healthcare_Seeking_Behavior_In_Nigeria
[5] Usman N, Ibrahim J, Joshua I, Mohammad-Idris Z, Zubairu H. Factors Influencing Health Seeking Behaviour Among Residents Of Basawa Community, Sabon Gari L.G.A. Kaduna State, Nigeria | Kanem Journal Of Medical Sciences. Wwwajolinfo [Internet]. 2020 Jun 28 [Cited 2025 Feb 26];14(1). Available From: Https://Www.Ajol.Info/Index.Php/Kjms/Article/View/222022:

Abstract: The very unique disposition of the articular surfaces associated with the talus and its constituent components (body and the head) are in specialised spatial orientation. The force subjected to the talus in load bearing not only dictates the resultant shapes and dimensions of the articular surfaces acquired by the bone, stress on the talus also probably decides the outcome of the angular orientation of the bone in conjunction with configuring the overall architecture.......

[1] Standing S. Churchill Livingstone. In: Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice. 40* Ed. London: Elsevier; 2008. P. 1434- 6.
[2] Sinnathamby C. Churchill Livingstone. In: Last's Anatomy Regional And. Applied. 12" Ed. London: Elsevier; 2011. P. 156.
[3] Turley K, Frost SR. The Shape And Presentation Of The Catarrhine Talus: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:877-90.
[4] Islam K, Dobbe A, Ko Meili A, Duke K, El-Rich M, Dhillon S, Et Al. Symmetry Analysis Of Talus Bone: A Geometric Morphometric Approach, Bone Joint Res 2014;3:139-45.
[5] Arora AK, Gupta SC, Gupta CD, Jayasinghe P. Variations In Calcanean Facets In Indian Tali. Anat Anz 1979;146:377-80.

Abstract: Background: Burnout is a common phenomenon among medical students, often attributed to the extensive syllabus and limited time to master it. Objective: The Objective of the study was to assess the relationship between different types of Learning Styles and levels of Burnout among medical students. Design: This study Exploratory Observational......

Keywords: HSB, health, behaviour, rural, Enugu, Nigeria.

[1] Felder RM.. Learning And Teaching Styles In Engineering Education.. Engr. Education 78(7) (1988).
[2] Mutlu M.. The Relation Between The Learning Styles Of The Students In Anatolian High Schools, Anatolian Teachers' High Schools Science High Schools And Their Attitudes Towards Biology Course.. International Journal Of Environmental And Science Education. Sep 10;1(2) (2006).
[3] Fleming ND, Mills C. Not Another Inventory, Rather A Catalyst For Reflection. Improve Acad. 1992;11:137–155.
Https://Doi:10.1002/J.2334-4822.1992.Tb00213.X
[4] Liew, SC., Sidhu, J. & Barua, A. The Relationship Between Learning Preferences (Styles And Approaches) And Learning Outcomes Among Pre-Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students. BMC Med Educ 15, 44 (2015). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12909-015-0327-0
[5] Alfarsi W, Elaghoury AH, Kore SE. Preferred Learning Styles And Teaching Methods Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 2023 Oct 11;15(10): E46875. Https://Doi.Org/10.7759/Cureus.46875 . PMID: 37954741; PMCID: PMC10638455.

Abstract: Background: Air pollution is a major environmental and public health concern, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dhaka, Bangladesh. Long-term exposure to pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, SO₂ , and NO₂ has been linked to increased prevalence of respiratory diseases. This study aims to evaluate theassociation between air pollution exposure and respiratory health outcomes among residents of Dhaka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 individuals selected through stratified random sampling from both high- and low-pollution areas of Dhaka. Data on respiratory symptoms, healthcare utilization, and protective measures were collected using a structured questionnaire. Air pollution exposure data were obtained from environmental monitoring agencies. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was performed using SPSS version 26.0.......

Keywords:Air pollution, respiratory diseases, PM2.5, PM10, SO₂ , NO₂ , healthcare utilization, protective measures, Dhaka, Bangladesh

[1]. Rovira J, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. Air quality, health impacts and burden of disease due to air pollution (PM10, PM2.5,
NO2 and O3): Application of AirQ+ model to the Camp de Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). Science of The Total
Environment [Internet]. 2020 Feb 10 [cited 2025 Feb 26];703:135538. Available from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719355329
[2]. Xing YF, Xu YH, Shi MH, Lian YX. The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. J Thorac Dis [Internet]. 2016 Jan
[cited 2025 Feb 26];8(1):E69–74. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740125/
[3]. Yang WS, Wang X, Deng Q, Fan WY, Wang WY. An evidence-based appraisal of global association between air pollution and
risk of stroke. International Journal of Cardiology [Internet]. 2014 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Feb 26];175(2):307–13. Available from:
https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)01027-4/abstract
[4]. Rahaman M, Kalam A, Al-Mamun M. Unplanned urbanization and health risks of Dhaka City in Bangladesh: uncovering the
associations between urban environment and public health. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023 Oct 19;11.

Abstract: Biomedical waste (BMW) management is an issue of major concern of all healthcare providers and healthcare establishments as the waste produced during the course of healthcare activities carries potential for infection and injury more than any other type of waste. The main aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Biohazard (Medical Waste) management among senior staff nurses of a tertiary level Medical Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. A total of 200 samples have been taken through descriptive type of cross-sectional study........

Keywords: Biomedical waste, World Health Organization, Disposal, Management.

[1] Kumar P.V.A.G, Kapate R Et Al, Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Of Health Care Waste Management Amongst Staff Of Nursing Homes Of Gulbarga City. Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Biomedical Sciences. 2012;19(19)1-3.
[2] Sharma A.K. Biomedical Waste (Management And Handling) Rules. First Edition. Bhopal. Suvidha Law House. 12.
[3] Patil A.D, Shekdar A.V. Health-Care Waste Management In India. J Environ Manage. 2001;63:211-20. Crossref

Abstract: Stressor have a huge sway upon mood, our sense of well-being, behavior and health. Acute stress, counter responses, in young healthy individual may be adaptive and typically do not impose an ill effect on health. However if not treated particularly in older or sick individual, long-term effect of stressor can damage health. The relationship between stressor and disease is affected by the nature, number, and persistence of stressor as well as by the individual's biological vulnerability (genetic, constitutional factors) psychosocial resources and learned pattern of copping........

Keywords: Anthropometric measurement Body Mass Index, Eating behavior, Obesity, Perceived stress.

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Abstract: Today, above and beyond the ever-present concern for nutrition, the realm of food research is primarily centered around the development and advancement of functional food items. These innovative products are specifically designed to not only provide sustenance but also deliver substantial health benefits, all while effectively balancing and regulating the body's metabolism. In recent times, an array of diverse plant-derived products such as leafy vegetables, lentils, fruits, and more, have gained widespread recognition as exceptional sources of functional food. The integration of these plant-based wonders into our daily dietary intake has shown promising.......

Keywords: Pursulane, bioactive metabolites, pharmacological peculiarities, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals.

[1] Shinde, S., Raut, S., & Gachande, B. An Ethnomedicinal Survey Of Wild Vegetables From Nanded District (MS), India. Journal Of Advanced Scientific Research, 2021(ICITNAS), 144-155.
[2] Perveen, A., Wei, C. R., Bokhari, S. W. A., Ijaz, S., Iqbal, J., Ashraf, S., & Kousar, S. Ethnobotany And Urban Life: Medicinal And Food Use Of Plants From Karachi (Pakistan's Largest Metropolis). Ethnobotany Research And Applications, 2024; 28, 1-26.
[3] Ayati, Z., Azizi, N., Amiri, M. S., Ramezani, M., Nikakhtar, Z., Tavassoli, A. P., ... & Emami, S. A. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry And Medicinal Properties Of Plants Contain Manna In Iran. In Medicinal And Aromatic Plants: Current Research Status, Value-Addition To Their Waste, And Agro-Industrial Potential (Vol II). 2024;101-146.
[4] Witzel, K., Kurina, A. B., & Artemyeva, A. M. Opening The Treasure Chest: The Current Status Of Research On Brassica Oleracea And B. Rapa Vegetables From Ex Situ Germplasm Collections. Frontiers In Plant Science. 2021.
[5] Sarode, D. K., Pagariya, M. C., Jadhav, P. R., Patil, S. A., Devarumath, R. M., Shingote, P. R., ... & Kawar, P. G. Edible Flowers: Biotechnological Interventions For Improving Bioactives Of Food And Health Significance. Journal Of Food Composition And Analysis, 2024; 106506.

Abstract: Background: Elevated LDL cholesterol levels are linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke, making accurate LDL assessment vital for evaluating health risks and making treatment decisions. While both direct and indirect methods provide LDL values, their accuracy may be compromised in cases of high triglycerides. This study aims to compare direct and indirect techniques for measuring LDL cholesterol, specifically the Friedewald and Modified formulas, to assess their advantages and limitations in clinical risk assessment and decision-making........

Keywords: low-density lipoprotein, calculation, Friedewald formula, Modified formula

[1] E.I. Rodney, R. Arun. Continuous Transport Of A Small Fraction Of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol To Endoplasmic Reticulum Regulates Total Cellular Cholesterol. Elife 2017;6: E25466. DOI: 10.7554/Elife.25466
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[3] B. Sara, A.W Sierra, G Whisper, P Anthony, T Ming, Et.Al. Lipoprotein-Based Drug Delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021; 159: 377–390. Doi:10.1016/J. Addr.2020.08.003.
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Abstract: Introduction- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) impacts large number of populations worldwide and has both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. It can present as acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In comparison to its pan global reach, there is paucity of data regarding awareness of HBV in patients, their family members and society at large. Thus, regular awareness is done regarding HBV in all of them but rarely it can prove to be double edged sword and can be misused........

Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B, Awareness, Revenge, Teeth Bite, Type A Behaviour

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[2] Thyagarajan SP, Jayaram S, Mohana Valli B. Prevalence Of HBV In General Population In India. In: Sarin SK, Singal AK, Editors. Hepatitis B In India: Problems And Prevention. New Delhi: CBS; 1996. P. 5–16.
[3] Dutta S. An Overview Of Molecular Epidemiology Of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) In India. Virol J. 2008; 5:156.
[4] Sarin SK, Dhiman RK, Eapen CA, Et Al. Technical Guidelines For Diagnosis & Management Of Hepatitis 2019; National Viral Hepatitis Control Program, India.
[5] World Health Organisation. Global Hepatitis Report. 2017

Abstract: Introduction- The foreign body ingestion is usually seen in young children, especially toddlers who have habit of putting everything in mouth which they come across. As age increases, maturity level also increases and chances of accidental foreign body ingestion decrease. The persons predisposed are with mental retardation, decreased cough reflex or accidental slipping of dental materials while undergoing dental procedures. Majority of swallowed foreign bodies pass spontaneously and few require endoscopic removal and rarely surgical intervention is required. It is very important for endoscopist to determine when to intervene, case based and timing wise decision have to be taken judiciously........

Keywords: Coin, Dental File, Endoscopy, Foreign body, Oesophagus, Tomato Pulp, Magnet

[1] Wyllie R (2006) Foreign Bodies In The Gastrointestinal Tract. Curro Pin Pediatr 18(5): 563-564
[2] Uyemura MC (2005) Foreign Body Ingestion In Children. Am Famphysician 72(2): 287-291.
[3] Banerjee R, Rao GV, Sriram PV, Reddy KS, Nageshwar Reddy D (2005) Button Battery Ingestion. Indian J Pediatr 72(2): 173-174.
[4] Shivakumar AM, Naik AS, Prashanth KB, Yogesh BS, Hongal GF (2004) Foreign Body In Upper Digestive Tract. Indian J Pediatr 71(8):689-693.
[5] Westmoreland D, Grigsby K, Brown L, Latessa P, Huber D (1998) Replicating Project LINC In Two Midwestern States. Implications For Policy Development. Nurs Health Care Perspect 19(4): 166-174.

Abstract: Herbal transdermal patches have emerged as an innovative and effective drug delivery system, offering controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents through the skin. These patches utilize bioactive herbal extracts, providing a non-invasive alternative to conventional drug administration while minimizing gastrointestinal side effects and first-pass metabolism. This comprehensive review explores the formulation strategies, mechanisms of action, advantages, and recent advancements in herbal transdermal patches. Key components, including permeation enhancers, polymers, and adhesives, play a crucial role in optimizing drug release and skin penetration. Various preparation techniques, such as solvent casting, matrix dispersion, and reservoir systems, are discussed in detail, highlighting their impact.......

Keywords: Herbs, transdermal patches, bioavailability, nanotechnology.

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[4] Zhang, Q., Zhao, X., & Qi, J. (2020). Applications And Challenges Of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems In Developing Therapeutic Patches. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2020; 10(2), 1022–1034.
[5] Sharma, V. Et Al. (2020). "The Role Of Traditional Medicine In Public Health. "Journal Of Public Health Policy, 41(4), 481-490.

Abstract: Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency in pediatric patients, requiring timely and accurate diagnosis to prevent complications. Ultrasound is widely used as the initial imaging modality due to its safety, non-invasiveness, and lack of ionizing radiation. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting acute appendicitis in pediatric patients and assess its sensitivity and specificity compared to clinical and laboratory findings.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on pediatric patients suspected of acute appendicitis. Ultrasound findings were analyzed and compared with intraoperative and histopathological results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated........

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[3] Perry LA, Snyder AK, Sokol AI, Et Al. Sensitivity And Specificity Of Ultrasound For Acute Appendicitis In Children. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3):E20173127.
[4] Rioux M. Sonographic Detection Of The Normal And Abnormal Appendix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158(4):773-778.
[5] Sola R, Pera M, Navarro S, Et Al. Role Of Color Doppler Sonography In The Diagnosis Of Acute Appendicitis: A Prospective Study. J Clin Ultrasound. 2002;30(4):221-225.

Abstract: Background: Dentures are a device that can replace the function of missing teeth. The denture base material commonly used is hot polymerized acrylic resin which has good biological properties giving certain microorganisms the ability to colonize such as Candida albicans. Dentures can be disinfected with non-traditional and traditional materials. In traditional ingredients there is castor leaf extract (Ricinus communis) which contains tannin, saponin, phenol and flavonoid compounds which are effective as antifungals........

Keywords: Denture Disinfection, Kepyar Leaf Extract, Inhibition Zone of Candida Albicans.

[1] Azmy NA, 2020, Ricinus Communis L. Leaf Extract As A Natural Antimicrobial: Development Of New Antimicrobials Against Microbes, MDR Medula 10 (3): 443-447.
[2] Hosing C, Dixit S, Mooth A, Diwan N, 2011, Role Of Candida Albicans In Denture Stomatitis. Journal Of Indian Academy Of Oral Medicine And Radiology 23(4): 617-19.
[3] Ibrahim I, Jaya F, Luthfia P, Izzati DPA, 2016, Effect Of Soaking Time In Chlorhexidine Solution On Color Change Of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin, JMKG 5 (1): 7-14.
[4] Komala O, Yulianita, Siwi FR, 2019 Antifungal Activity Of 50% Ethanol And 96% Ethanol Extracts Of Henna Nail Lawsonia Inermis L Leaves Against Trichophyton Mentagrophytes, Ekologia: Scientific Journal Of Basic And Environmental Sciences, 19 (1): 12-19.
[5] Nurhayat LS, Yahdiyani N, Hidayatulloh A, 2020, Comparison Of Antibacterial Activity Testing Of Yogurt Starter With The Well Diffusion Method And Disc Diffusion Method, J Livestock Products Technology 1 (2): 41-46.