iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2025

Abstract: Background: Breastfeeding is the natural and universally recommended method of infant feeding, supporting optimal growth, development, and both short- and long-term health outcomes. Human milk is thought to have evolved over time to meet the specific needs of lactating women and their infants (1,2). This adaptation is evident in the significant and the composition of breast milk varies significantly based on a range of maternal factors, including diet, age, body mass......

Keywords: Pasteurization, Human Milk Fortifier, Human Milk Bank, Metabolome.

[1] Keikha, M., Shayan-Moghadam, R., Bahreynian, M. Et Al. Nutritional Supplements And Mother's Milk Composition: A Systematic Review Of Interventional Studies. Int Breastfeed J 16, 1 (2021). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13006-020-00354-0
[2] Prentice A. Constituents Of Human Milk. Food And Nutrition Bulletin. 1996;17(4):1-10. Doi: 10.1177/156482659601700406.[3] Koletzko B, Godfrey KM, Poston L, Szajewska H, Van Goudoever JB, De Waard M, Et Al., Early Nutrition Project Systematic Review Group. Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation And Early Childhood And Its Implications For Maternal And Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(2):93-106.
[4] Kim J, Lee NM, Yi DY, Chung SH, Choi YS. The Effect Of Holder Pasteurization And Storage On Macronutrients In Donor Human Milk. Perinatology. 2020 Mar;31(1):26-31. Https://Doi.Org/10.14734/PN.2020.31.1.26.

Abstract: Introduction - Violence against healthcare professionals is increasing day by day. The objective of the study is to determine the violent behaviors against healthcare professionals in India via a systematic review. The findings have helped shed more light on incidents of violence against medical professionals. Method - Search platforms like pubmed, Google scholar, Biomed Central, ScienceDirect were used to collect multiple articles using keywords 'Healthcare professionals; Violence; and India. Cross sectional studies have been used to get the information about the data for our systematic review. The reporting items that have been preferred are (PRISMA)2020 guidelines for literature search and based on the JBI checklist for analytics cross-sectional research, assess the quality of articles......

Key Word: Healthcare professionals; Violence; India

[1] Kitaneh, M., & Hamdan, M. (2012a). Workplace Violence Against Physicians And Nurses In Palestinian Public Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-469
[2] Zafar, W., Siddiqui, E., Ejaz, K., Shehzad, M. U., Khan, U. R., Jamali, S., & Razzak, J. A. (2013a). Health Care Personnel And Workplace Violence In The Emergency Departments Of A Volatile Metropolis: Results From Karachi, Pakistan. The Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 45(5), 761–772. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jemermed.2013.04.049
[3] Ambesh, P. (2016). Violence Against Doctors In The Indian Subcontinent: A Rising Bane. Indian Heart Journal, 68(5), 749–750. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ihj.2016.07.023
[4] Kumar, M. (2016). A Study Of Workplace Violence Experienced By Doctors And Associated Risk Factors In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of South Delhi, India. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH.
Https://Doi.Org/10.7860/Jcdr/2016/22306.8895
[5] Kar, S. P. (2017). Addressing Underlying Causes Of Violence Against Doctors In India. The Lancet, 389(10083), 1979–1980. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31297-7.

Abstract: Introducción: La promoción de la educación y motivación de la higiene bucal en el adulto mayor es fundamental en la salud dental, además de la influencia en el estado de autoestima, bienestar y comodidad de la persona, permitiendo así poder gozar de una vida saludable y plena. Objetivo: Obtener información sobre la educación y motivación de la higiene bucal en el adulto mayor en Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos en línea PubMed, Scielo, Journal Of Periodontolog y Ministerio de Salud del Ecuador desde el año 2019 hasta el 2024 acerca de la educación en relación de la higiene bucal en el adulto mayor.......

Key Word: educación, motivación, higiene bucal, adulto mayor, cuidador.

[1] Situación De La Salud Bucodental De Las Personas Mayores En La Región De Las Américas [Internet]. Pan American Health Organization; 2023 [Citado 1 De Octubre De 2024]. Disponible En: Https://Iris.Paho.Org/Handle/10665.2/57343
[2] Zhao H, Wu B, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Zhao H, Tian Z, Et Al. Oral Frailty: A Concept Analysis. BMC Oral Health. 22 De Mayo De 2024;24(1):594.
[3] Censos IN De E Y. Instituto Nacional De Estadística Y Censos. [Citado 1 De Octubre De 2024]. INEC Estima Que, Según Proyecciones En El Mediano Plazo, Ecuador Tendrá Más Adultos Mayores, Menos Niños Y Adolescentes En 2050. Disponible En:Https://Www.Ecuadorencifras.Gob.Ec/Ecuador-Tendra-Mas-Adultos-Mayores-Menos-Ninos-Y-Adolescentes-En-2050/
[4] Desafíos Y Oportunidades Para El Ecuador Ante El Envejecimiento Poblacional: INEC Destaca Datos Claves En El Día Mundial De La Población – Instituto Nacional De Estadística Y Censos [Internet]. [Citado 1 De Octubre De 2024]. Disponible En:
Https://Www.Ecuadorencifras.Gob.Ec/Institucional/Desafios-Y-Oportunidades-Para-El-Ecuador-Ante-El-Envejecimiento-Poblacional-Inec-Destaca-Datos-Claves-En-El-Dia-Mundial-De-La-Poblacion/
[5] Ladera Castañeda MI, Medina Sotelo CG. La Salud Bucal En América Latina: Una Revisión Desde Las Políticas Públicas. Salud Cienc Tecnol. 2023;(3):340.

Abstract: Background: Most studies of parvovirus B19 that conducted in Iraq were on pregnant women, while this study will focus on the prevalence of the Parvovirus B19 , Measles and Rubella virus among fever rash patient in Iraq. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence of these diseases in Iraq, as well as to compare the results of measles and rubella with the results of parvovirus 19, and to evaluate the cross reactivity of commercial kits.......

[1] Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai, Hala Majeed Hassan, Mohamed Almoustafa Alsamarai, Zainab Khalil Aljumaili (2021). Parvovirus B19 Seroprevalence In Women With Bad Obstetric History In Kirkuk. Pudmed. 2021;20(4):359-366.
[2] Al-Khegane, Murtadha A; Ibrahim, Wijdan Nazar; Hassan, Meaad Kadhum (2021).Human Parvovirus B19 Among Hemophilia A Patients In Basrah, Southern Iraq. Iraqi Journal Of Hematology 10(2):P 112-117, Jul–Dec 2021.
[3] Atheer Nawfal Buraa , Asmaa Baqer Al-Obaidi , Thekra Ali Hussein(2023). Seroprevalence Study Of Parvovirus B19 Among Women With Miscarriage In Mosul City. Vol. 25 No. 2 (2023): Diyala Journal Of Medicine The Volume 25, Issue 2 For The Month Of December 2023.
[4] Hanan Kareem Juber & Hussein Ali Mohammed Al. Bayati (2024). Molecular Detection Of Human Parvovirus B19 In Patients With Thalassemia In Wasit Province, Iraq. SEEJPH 2024 Posted: 16-08-2024.
[5] Ibtihal Hameed Mohsin Al-Ezzi(2017). Evaluating The Prevalence Measles Virus Igm Antibodies For Under 2 Years Children In Diayala Governorate. Academic Science Journal (Acad. Sci. J.)(مجلة ديالى للعلوم الاكاديمية ), 2222-8373, Vol: 13 No:1 , January 2017. Http://148.72.244.84:8080/Xmlui/Handle/Xmlui/4672.

Abstract: The increasing focus on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) highlights its potential to combat drug-resistant microorganisms by utilizing photosensitizers (PSs) and light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for microbial cell death. Despite its promise, clinical applications face limitations such as poor water solubility, low target specificity, and photobleaching. To overcome these challenges, nanotechnology has emerged as a solution, offering nanoparticles that either carry PSs or act as PSs themselves. These nanoparticles enhance therapy effectiveness by improving PS stability, targeting......

Key Word: photodynamic therapy; nanoparticles; periodontitis; peri-implantitis; gingivitis; oral infections.

[1] Yan R, Liu J, Dong Z, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy And Its Applications In Treating Oral Diseases.Biomater Adv. 2023 Jan 1;144:213218-20.
[2] Qi M, Chi M, Sun X, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Zhou Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Xu HH. Novel Nanomaterial-Based Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapies To Combat Oral Bacterial Biofilms And Infectious Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019 Aug 28:6937-6956.
[3] Chambrone L, Wang HL, Romanos GE. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy For The Treatment Of Periodontitis And Peri‐Implantitis: An American Academy Of Periodontology Best Evidence Review.J. Periodontol. 2018 Jul;89(7):783-803.
[4] Kanaparthy R, Kanaparthy A. The Changing Face Of Dentistry: Nanotechnology. International Journal Of Nanomedicine. 2011 Nov 9:2799-804.
[5] Qi M, Chi M, Sun X, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Et Al. Novel Nanomaterial-Based Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapies To Combat Oral Bacterial Biofilms And Infectious Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:6937–6956.

Abstract: Introduction: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by distinctive, scaly, erythematous plaques, primarily affecting sun-exposed areas. While typically presenting with well-defined lesions, DLE can sometimes mimic other dermatoses, posing diagnostic challenges. This case report describes a cutaneous lupus(CLE) exhibiting a butterfly-shaped distribution on the face with a malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but a scale representing discoid lupus erythematosus leading to a diagnostic dilemma.......

Key Word: Butterfly rash, Malar rash, Lupus, Discoid

[1]. Elsevier India Bookstore [Internet]. [Cited 2025 Feb 5]. Shafer's Textbook Of Oral Pathology E-Book: 9th Edition | B Sivapathasundharam | ISBN: 9788131255469. Available From: Https://Shop.Elsevier.In/Shafers-Textbook-Of-Oral-Pathology-E-Book-9788131255469.Html
[2]. Elsevier Asia Bookstore [Internet]. [Cited 2025 Feb 5]. Oral Pathology: 7th Edition | Joseph A. Regezi | ISBN: 9780323297684. Available From: Https://Www.Asia.Elsevierhealth.Com/Oral-Pathology-9780323297684.Html
[3]. Mcdaniel B, Sukumaran S, Koritala T, Tanner LS. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing; 2025 [Cited 2025 Feb 2]. Available From: Http://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK493145/Patel P, Werth V. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Review. Dermatologic Clinics [Internet]. 2002 Jul 1 [Cited 2025 Feb 5];20(3):373–85. Available From: Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/S0733863502000165
[4]. Hypertrophic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus [Internet]. [Cited 2025 Feb 5]. Available From: Https://Escholarship.Org/Uc/Item/97z0r1p9
[5]. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - Statpearls - NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [Cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK493145/

Abstract: Background: Pellagra is a nutritional disorder caused by niacin deficiency, commonly linked to a poor dietary intake, alcohol dependence, or malabsorption. Although rare today, alcohol use disorder remains a significant risk factor due to impaired nutrient absorption and metabolic disturbances. This report discusses a 40-year-old man with chronic alcohol dependence who presented with characteristic symptoms of pellagra. Dermatological evaluation confirmed skin lesions consistent with niacin deficiency. Prompt treatment with niacin supplementation and nutritional intervention led to significant improvement. This case highlights the importance of recognizing pellagra as a differential diagnosis in an alcohol-dependent individual presenting with neuropsychiatric and dermatological manifestations.

Key Word: Pellagra, Niacin Deficiency, Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, Nutritional Deficiency, Casal's Necklace.

[1] Oldham MA, Ivkovic A. Pellagrous Encephalopathy Presenting As Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium: A Case Series And Literature Review. Addict Sci Clin Pract.2012 Jul 6;7(1):12. Doi:10.1186/1940-0640-7-12. PMID: 23186222; PMCID: PMC3542555.
[2] Ishii N, Nishihara Y. Pellagra Among Chronic Alcoholics: Clinical And Pathological Study Of 20 Necropsy Cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1981 Mar;44(3):209-15. Doi: 10.1136/Jnnp.44.3.209. PMID: 7229643; PMCID: PMC490893.
[3] Kertesz SG. Pellagra In 2 Homeless Men. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Mar;76(3):315-8. Doi: 10.4065/76.3.315. PMID: 11243279.
[4] Hegyi J, Schwartz RA, Hegyi V. Pellagra: Dermatitis, Dementia, And Diarrhoea. Int J Dermatol. 2004 Jan;43(1):1-5.
Doi: 10.1111/J.1365-4632.2004.01959. X. PMID: 14693013.
[5] Lanska DJ. Chapter 30: Historical Aspects Of The Major Neurological Vitamin Deficiency Disorders: The Water-Soluble B Vitamins. Hand Clin Neurol. 2010;95:445-76. Doi: 10.1016/S0072-9752(08)02130-1. PMID: 19892133.

Abstract: In 1986, Sir Hernandez Altemir first described submental intubation as a useful alternative to tracheostomy. The primary indication for submental intubation includes pan-facial injuries, craniofacial and maxillofacial fractures with adequate mouth opening. Conventional orotracheal intubation is unsuitable as it interferes with surgical access and prevents the proper alignment of fracture fragments necessary for good dental occlusion. Additionally, nasal intubation is not feasible in cases of base of skull fractures or nasal bone fractures. Tracheostomy, though an option, is an invasive procedure that requires expertise and is associated with both immediate and long-term complications.

[1] Arya, S., Chauhan, K., & Bhardwaj, P. (2011). Submental Intubation In Patients With Panfacial Fractures. National Journal Of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2(2), 163–167.
[2] Stabile, M., Angilella, F., & Borzabadi-Farahani, A. (2019). Submental Intubation Versus Tracheostomy In Maxillofacial Trauma Patients. Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, 66(7), 1404–1409.
[3] Sarkar, S., Roychoudhury, A., & Bhutia, O. (2019). Anaesthetic Management Of Panfacial Injury Using Submental Intubation: A Case Series. Airway, 2(1), 35–38.
[4] Schütz, P., & Hamed, H. H. (2008). Submental Intubation Versus Tracheostomy In Maxillofacial Trauma Patients. Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, 66(7), 1404–1409.
[5] Noury, M. B., & Al-Belasy, F. A. (2019). Submental Intubation Versus Tracheostomy In Maxillofacial Fractures. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 47(5), 721–726.

Abstract: Using this clinical review, a correlation was made between the viability of 1% metronidazole gel and 1% satranidazole gel as nearby drug delivery specialists for the therapy of chronic periodontitis. It is important to give adjunctive treatments to profound periodontal pockets in instances of chronic periodontitis, which is a degenerative fiery illness that influences the supporting systems of teeth. Complete mechanical debridement may be challenging to accomplish in these specific cases. Notwithstanding the way that both metronidazole and satranidazole are successful against periodontal contaminations, satranidazole is bound to be utilized by patients since it makes less unfavorable impacts.....

Key Word: Chronic Periodontitis, Scaling and Root Planing, Metronidazole Gel, Satranidazole Gel, Local Drug Delivery Systems, Periodontal Therapy, Gingival Index, Plaque Index

[1]. Ahmed, A., Singh, M., & Patel, S. (2019). Antimicrobial Approaches In Periodontal Therapy. Journal Of Clinical Periodontology, 46(4), 347–355. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Jcpe.13075
[2]. Brown, K., & Johnson, R. (2019). Local Drug Delivery Systems: A Focus On Nitroimidazoles. Pharmaceutical Innovations, 7(2), 112–118. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/Pwi.Pjournal-431
[3]. Clark, J., Rodriguez, E., & Hall, K. (2019). Cost-Effectiveness In Periodontal Therapy: Current Strategies And Future Challenges. Journal Of Oral Health Economics, 11(3), 175–186.
[4]. Garcia, S., & Lopez, F. (2018). Advances In Periodontal Disease Treatment: Drug Delivery Innovations. Journal Of Advanced Dental Research, 34(5), 356–367.
[5]. Goodson, J. M. (2014). Drug Delivery In Periodontics: From The Present To The Future. Clinical Periodontology, 41(Suppl 15), S4–S10. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Jcpe.12329

Abstract: Background: High altitude deployment of Indian Armed Forces personnel is encountered with multiple medical issues including High Altitude Associated Systemic Hypertension (HASH). Despite being fit in their High Altitude Medical Test (HAMT), it has been observed that a good number of air warriors are found unfit during deployment. The organization encounters human resource issue due to non- availability of trained personnel at right time at right place. Thus arises the need to analyse the causal association to find the possible way out.......

Key Word: HASH, HAMT, Human resource.

[1]. Brito J, Siqués P, León-Velarde F Et Al. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia At High Altitude Exposure For Over 12 Years: Assessment Of Hematological, Cardiovascular, And Renal Effects. High Alt Med Biol. 2007;8: 236–44.
[2]. Wolfel EE, Selland MA, Mazzeo RS, Et Al. Systemic Hypertension At 4,300 M Is Related To Sympathoadrenal Activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994;76: 1643–50.
[3]. Uday Y, Nair V. High Altitude Systemic Hypertension (HASH) - A New Entity. Medicine Update 2017 Vol 03. Ch 132. 618- 21. 4q.
[4]. James R. S Jr., Gary W G, William B K. Clinical Aerospace Cardiovascular Medicine. In Dehart RL. Respiratory Physiology. In: Fundamentals Of Aerospace Medicine. 1985: 331.
[5]. Wolfel EE, Selland MA, Mazzeo RS, Reeves JT. Systemic Hypertension At 4,300 M Is Related To Sympathoadrenal Activity. Journal Of Applied Physiology. 1994 76(4):1643-50.

Abstract: Background For controlling unwanted pregnancies post partum IUCD insertion is the good method as it helps in spacing and preventing unplanned pregnancies. Spacing of pregnancies reduces abortion rate, preterm births, low birth weight babies.PPIUCD is associated with decrease discomfort problem, less side effects, lower incidence of infection, prevention of unwanted pregnancy.PPIUCD insertion should be promoted in western part of india . Methods......

[1] Majhi AK. Importance Of PPIUCD In The Perspective Of Present Indian Population Scenario. Indian Journal Of Perinatology And Reproductive Biology. 2012: 2(2): 5-7.
[2] Dabral, S. And Malik, S.L.: Demography Study Of Gujjars Of Delhi: Population Structure And Socio-Cultural Profile.Journal Of Human Ecology: 15(1): 17-24 (2004).
[3] Gadre SS, Ahirwar R. Level Of Acceptance Of IUCD Insertion In Indian Women – A Cross Sectional Mixed Research From Central India. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 4(4):1079-85
[4] WHO Medical Eligibilitycriteria For Contraceptive Use.Geneva. WHO, 2010
[5] Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare. Postpartum IUCD Reference Manual. New Delh: Family Planning Division - Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare; 2010.

Abstract: Background: Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the spine associated with aging. It involves degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc, leading to reduced disc height and capacity to bear axial loads along the cervical spine. This can lead to compression of neural and vascular structures. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of isometric neck exercises versus pressure biofeedback neck exercise on the pain and function in cervical spondylosis......

Key Word: Isometric neck exercises; Pressure Biofeedback; TENS; Cervical spondylosis; VAS, s NDI

[1] Lisa A. Ferrara . The Biomechanics Of Cervical Spondylosis. National Library Of Medicine. 2012; 2012: 493605.
[2] Daniel T. Kuo; Prasanna Tadi. Cervical Spondylosis. National Library Of Medicine. May 1, 2023.
[3] Quanzheng Chen, Zhenshan Wang, And Shuna Zhang . Exploring The Latest Advancements In Physical Therapy Techniques For Treating Cervical Spondylosis Patients: A Narrative Review. Biomolecules And Biomedicine. 21 May 2023.
[4] Alireza Sadeghi Et Al. Efectiveness Of Isometric Exercises On Disability And Pain Of Cervical Spondylosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine And Rehabilitation. (2022) 14:108.
[5] Janet H. Carr, Roberta B. Shepherd. A Motor Relearning Programme For Stroke London William Heinemann;1987: Pp29-33..

Abstract: In Chinese medicine pearl powder was used as beauty product and in healthcare sector. In recent times pearl powder were used in medicine and also in facial kit. This products were used by female most than male. It had wound healing and tissue engineering properties. Pearl powder we get from pearls (grinding in a mixer ). Nacre powder is the inner layer of outer corner layer and middle prism layer. In this review scientist used pearl powder and nacre powder both. It have various biological activities ( wound healing, anti fibrotic and anti inflammatory, antioxidant and antiaging property) on human body.

Key Word: pearl powder, nacre powder, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, skintone.

[1] Zhang, J.; Li, S.; Yao, S.; Si, W.; Cai, L.; Pan, H.; Hou, J.; Yang, W.; Da, J.; Jiang, B.; Et Al. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Of Amino Acids For The Quality Assessment Of Pearl Powder. J. Sep. Sci. 2015, 38, 1552–1560. [Crossref] [Pubmed]
[2] Yang, H.-L.; Korivi, M.; Lin, M.-K.; Chang, H.C.-W.; Wu, C.-R.; Lee, M.-S.; Chen, W.T.-L.; Hseu, Y.-C. Antihemolytic And Antioxidant Properties Of Pearl Powder Against 2,20-Azobis(2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride-Induced Hemolysis And Oxidative Damage To Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids And Proteins. J. Food Drug Anal. 2017, 25, 898–907. [Crossref] [Pubmed]
[3] Chiu, H.-F.; Hsiao, S.-C.; Lu, Y.-Y.; Han, Y.-C.; Shen, Y.-C.; Venkatakrishnan, K.; Wang, C.-K. Efficacy Of Protein Rich Pearl Powder On Antioxidant Status In A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J. Food Drug Anal. 2018, 26, 309–317. [Crossref] [Pubmed]
[4] Chen, X.; Peng, L.-H.; Chee, S.-S.; Shan, Y.-H.; Liang,W.-Q.; Gao, J.-Q. Nanoscaled Pearl Powder Accelerates Wound Repair And Regeneration In Vitro And In Vivo. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2019, 45, 1009–1016. [Crossref]
[5] Nagai, K. A History Of The Cultured Pearl Industry. Zool. Sci. 2013, 30, 783–793. [Crossref]

Abstract: Background: With the increasing demand for esthetic orthodontic solutions, clear aligner therapy has gained popularity due to its discreet appearance. However, the use of flowable composite attachments with aligners presents challenges, particularly in maintaining color stability under various staining conditions. Limited studies have evaluated the staining resistance of bulk-fill flowable composites used for orthodontic attachments. Materials and Methods: This study investigates the staining susceptibility of four bulk-fill flowable composites—Prime Dental Bulk Fill, Ivoclar.......

Key Word: Clear aligner therapy, Esthetic orthodontics, Color stability, Orthodontic attachments, Spectrophotometric assessment

[1] Unsal KA, Karaman E. Effect Of Additional Light Curing On Colour Stability Of Composite Resins. Int Dent J. 2022 Jun;72(3):346-352. Doi: 10.1016/J.Identj.2021.06.006. Epub 2021 Aug 16. PMID: 34412897; PMCID: PMC9275115.
[2] Kalita T, Kalita C, Das L, Kataki R, Boruah LC, R A, Saikia A, Mahanta P Sr. Comparative Evaluation Of Colour Stability And Surface Roughness Of Nanohybrid Composite Resins In Mouth Rinse And Colouring Beverages. Cureus. 2023 Feb 22;15(2):E35303. Doi: 10.7759/Cureus.35303. PMID: 36968892; PMCID: PMC10038116.
[3] Ebaya MM, Ali AI, El-Haliem HA, Mahmoud SH. Color Stability And Surface Roughness Of Ormocer- Versus Methacrylate-Based Single Shade Composite In Anterior Restoration. BMC Oral Health. 2022 Sep 27;22(1):430. Doi: 10.1186/S12903-022-02423-8. PMID: 36167560; PMCID: PMC9513900.
[4] Alhotan A, Abdelraouf RM, Alhijji S, De Vera MAT, Sufyan A, Matinlinna JP, Hamdy TM. Colour Parameters And Changes Of Tea-Stained Resin Composite Exposed To Whitening Pen (In Vitro Study). Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jul 17;15(14):3068. Doi: 10.3390/Polym15143068. PMID: 37514457; PMCID: PMC10383341.
[5] Bahbishi N, Mzain W, Badeeb B, Nassar HM. Color Stability And Micro-Hardness Of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials After Exposure To Common Beverages. Materials (Basel). 2020 Feb 9;13(3):787. Doi: 10.3390/Ma13030787. PMID: 32050415; PMCID: PMC7040906