iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2026

Abstract: Background: Preoperative anxiety refers to a state of patients that are scheduled to undergo an elective surgery and is related to higher sympathetic rates, elevated anesthetic needs, and instability in the hemodynamic condition during operative procedures. A barbiturate (thiopentone sodium), that is widely used in the induction of general anesthesia, shows interindividual differences in dosage requirements. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone that controls the.....

[1]. Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, Et Al. Clinical Practice Guidelines For The Prevention And Management Of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, And Sleep Disruption In Adult Patients. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(9):E1060–E1095.
[2]. Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 6th Ed. Mcgraw Hill; 2021.
[3]. Kim TK. Understanding One-Way ANOVA Using Conceptual Figures. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2022;75(1):1–6.
[4]. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use And Interpretation. Anesth Analg. 2021;132(6):E177–E179.
[5]. Mchugh ML. The Chi-Square Test Of Independence. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021;31(1):010201.

Abstract: Background: Dynamic balance and agility are critical components of athletic performance and injury prevention. Plyometric training and BOSU ball-based training are commonly used interventions to improve neuromuscular control, but comparative evidence between these two approaches remains limited.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of plyometric training and BOSU ball training on dynamic balance and agility among athletes.....

Key Word: Plyometrics, BOSU ball, Dynamic balance, Agility, Athletes

[1]. Sporiš G, Milanović L, Jukić I, Omrčen D, Sampedro Molinuevo J. The Effect Of Agility Training On Athletic Power Performance. Kinesiology. 2010;42(1):65–72.
[2]. Stojanović E, Ristić V, Mcmaster DT, Milanović Z. Effect Of Plyometric Training On Vertical Jump Performance In Female Athletes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47:975–986.
[3]. Slimani M, Chamari K, Miarka B, Del Vecchio FB, Cheour F. Effects Of Plyometric Training On Physical Fitness In Team Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet. 2016;53:231–247.
[4]. Permana DA, Kusnanik NW, Nurhasan N, Raharjo S. A Six-Week Plyometric Training Program Improves Explosive Power And Agility In Professional Athletes Of East Java. Phys Educ Theory Methodol. 2022;22(4):510–515..

Abstract: Objectives: The study aimed to assess the growth parameters and the effect of age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and insulin regimens on the growth of children with T1D. Material and Methods: The study included subjects.....

Key Word: Type 1 diabetes, Growth monitoring, Height for age Z-scores, Weight for age Z- scores

[1]. Virmani A. Growth Disorders In Type 1 Diabetes: An Indian Experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19:S64-7.
[2]. Adolfsson P, Taplin CE, Zaharieva DP, Pemberton J, Davis EA, Riddell MC, Et Al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Exercise In Children And Adolescents With Diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:1341- 72.
[3]. Elsayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Et Al. 14. Children And Adolescents: Standards Of Care In Diabetes- 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S230-53.
[4]. Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV. Revised Indian Academy Of Pediatrics 2015 Growth Charts For Height, Weight, And Body Mass Index For 5-18-Year-Old Indian Children. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19:470-6.
[5]. Khadilkar VV, Parthasarathy LS, Mallade BB, Khadilkar AV, Chiplonkar SA, Borade AB. Growth Status Of Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17:1057-60.

Abstract: Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis, or frozen shoulder, causes shoulder pain and stiffness due to inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule. It often limits day-to-day activities like dressing or reaching overhead. The condition affects 2–5% of the general population and up to 20% of people with diabetes. Physiotherapy remains the primary treatment, and this study compares two commonly used methods: the Spencer technique and capsular stretching.
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of the Spencer technique and capsular stretching in improving shoulder mobility and reducing.....

Key Word: Adhesive capsulitis, Spencer technique, Capsular stretching, SPADI, Shoulder Range of motion

[1]. Neviaser RJ. Adhesive Capsulitis Of The Shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1945;27(2):211–222.
[2]. Hand GC, Athanasou NA, Matthews T, Carr AJ. The Pathology Of Frozen Shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89(7):928–932.
[3]. Kelley MJ, Mcclure PW, Leggin BG. Frozen Shoulder: Evidence And A Proposed Model Guiding Rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39(2):135–148.
[4]. Bridgman JF. Periarthritis Of The Shoulder And Diabetes Mellitus. Ann Rheum Dis. 1972;31(1):69–71.
[5]. Hsu JE, Anakwenze OA, Warrender WJ, Abboud JA. Current Review Of Adhesive Capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(3):502–514...

Abstract: Open RAN (O-RAN) breaks the radio access net- work into smaller pieces with open interfaces so operators can mix vendors and move functions into the cloud. As networks grow and carry more slices and services, manually keeping all of this tuned is not realistic any more.
We describe an AI-driven orchestration framework that starts from operator intents at the Service Management and Orches- tration....

Key Word: Open RAN, O-RAN, RIC, SMO, xApps, rApps, AI/ML, network automation, orchestration, 5G.

[1]. S. D’oro, L. Bonati, M. Polese, And T. Melodia, “Orchestran: Net- Work Automation Through Orchestrated Intelligence In The Open Ran,” Arxiv:2201.05632.
[2]. S. D’oro, L. Bonati, M. Polese, And T. Melodia, “Orchestrating Net- Work Intelligence In The Open Ran,” [Online]. Available: Https://Ece. Northeastern.Edu/Wineslab/Papers/Doro2024orchestran.Pdf.
[3]. S. Maxenti Et Al., “Autoran: Automated And Zero-Touch Open Ran Systems,” Arxiv:2504.11233, Preprint.
[4]. O-Ran Software Community, “O-Ran Architecture Overview,” Documentation. [Online]. Available: Https://Docs.O-Ran-Sc.Org/En/Latest/ Architecture/Architecture.Html.
[5]. “Development Of Open Radio Access Networks (O-Ran) For Real-Time. . . ,” Nature Communications..

Abstract: “The good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease.” – William Osler. A physician is one who sees the human in him and understands the human element of Medicine. Medicine is an art as well as science. Medical Education prepares the student to gain knowledge and get clinical skills to treat the disease of the patient. The three domains of medical education cognitive, psychomotor and affective ones. Mentoring is a part and parcel of Affective domain. A medical teacher is a scientist, skilled clinician, and a humanist. Apart from the getting trained in Medical subjects and their learning, mentoring helps to train the teacher to understand the human side of mentees (students). Sometimes....

Key Word: Mentor, Mentee, Medical education, physician-patient, teacher-student

[1]. S.Niaz, Indian Students Abroad: Numbers Fall After Three-Year Surge University World News,12.12.2025
[2]. Leong JR, Lim AYD, Ravindran N, Wan DWJ, Rajalingam V, Lua JK, Kwok HYF, Et Al. A Systematic Scoping Review Of Mentor Training In Medical Education Between 2000 And 2024. BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jul 24;25(1):1110. Doi: 10.1186/S12909-025-07353-X. PMID: 40707917; PMCID: PMC12291282.
[3]. Eby LT, Allen TD, Evans SC, Ng T, Dubois D. Does Mentoring Matter? A Multidisciplinary Meta-Analysis Comparing Mentored And Non-Mentored Individuals. J Vocat Behav. 2008 Apr;72(2):254-267. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jvb.2007.04.005. PMID: 19343074; PMCID: PMC2352144.
[4]. Ransdell LB, Lane TS, Schwartz AL, Wayment HA, Baldwin JA. Mentoring New And Early-Stage Investigators And Underrepresented Minority Faculty For Research Success In Health-Related Fields: An Integrative Literature Review (2010-2020). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;8:432. Doi: 10.3390/Ijerph18020432. PMID: 33430479; PMCID: PMC7826619.
[5]. Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff, Competency Based Medical Education. Annals Of SBV (2020): 10.5005/Jp-Journals-10085-8125..

Abstract: Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder that causes chronic pain, functional limitation, and disability, particularly among older adults. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to increased disease severity and poorer clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated complications, and to evaluate its relationship with health-related quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis....

Key Word: Osteoarthritis, Vitamin D deficiency, Kellgren–Lawrence grade, Quality of life, Musculoskeletal complications

[1]. Onishi K, Utturkar A, Chang E, Panush R, Hata J, Perret-Karimi D. Osteoarthritis: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med. 2012;24(3 4):251-264.
[2]. Pelletier Jp, Martel-Pelletier J, Abramson Sb. Osteoarthritis, An Inflammatory Disease: Potential Implication For The Selection Of New Therapeutic Targets. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:1237–1247.
[3]. Pandey P, Singh R, Srivastava S, Mishra Mk. A Review On Osteoarthritis And Its Eradication Approaches: An Update. Curr Drug Res Rev. 2024 Jan 26.[4].
Zhang Y, Jordan Jm. Epidemiology Of Osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med. 2010 Aug;26(3):355-69.
[5]. Courties A, Kouki I, Soliman N, Mathieu S, Sellam J. Osteoarthritis Year In Review 2024: Epidemiology And Therapy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024 Nov;32(11):1397-1404

Abstract: Background: Acidic beverages are increasingly linked to dental erosion, caries, and oral health issues by lowering salivary pH below the critical level for enamel protection. Mouthwashes are used as adjuncts to neutralize oral acidity. With chlorhexidine as the gold standard, herbal mouthwashes are gaining traction due to fewer side effects. However, limited data compares their pH-restoring efficacy post-acidic challenge. This study evaluates and compares.....

Key Word: Salivary pH, Chlorhexidine, Herbal mouthwash, Dental erosion, Acidic beverages, Oral health, Randomized control trial

[1]. Dehghan M, Tantbirojn D, Kymer-Davis E, Stewart CW, Zhang YH, Versluis A, Garcia-Godoy F. Neutralizing Salivary Ph By Mouthwashes After An Acidic Challenge. J Investig Clin Dent. 2017 May;8(2).
[2]. Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Changes In Beverage Intake Between 1977 And 2001. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Oct;27(3):205-10. [3]. Kumar, N., Amin, F., Dahri, W.M. Et Al. Impact Of Acidic Beverages On Composition And Surface Characteristics Of Human Teeth: Scanning Electron Microscopic, Stereomicroscopic And Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analyses. BMC Oral Health 24, 837 (2024).
[4]. Song IS, Han K, Ko Y, Park YG, Ryu JJ, Park JB. Associations Between The Consumption Of Carbonated Beverages And Periodontal Disease: The 2008-2010 Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jul;95(28):E4253.
[5]. Polyakova M, Egiazaryan A, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Malashin A, Babina K, Novozhilova N. The Effect Of Oral Care Foams And A Spray On Salivary Ph Changes After Exposure To Acidic Beverages In Young Adults. Dent J (Basel). 2024 Apr 3;12(4):93..

Abstract: Interventional pain procedures are widely used for management of chronic pain conditions such as osteoarthritis, spinal pain, and neuropathic pain. However, clinical outcomes are variable and many patients experience incomplete or short‑lived pain relief. Increasing evidence suggests that failure of interventional procedures is often.....

Key Word: Interventional pain, central sensitization, peripheral sensitization, radiofrequency ablation, chronic pain mechanisms

[1]. Woolf CJ. Central Sensitization: Implications For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Pain. Pain. 2011.
[2]. Latremoliere A, Woolf CJ. Central Sensitization: A Generator Of Pain Hypersensitivity. J Pain. 2009.
[3]. Nijs J Et Al. Recognition Of Central Sensitization In Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain. Pain Physician. 2010.
[4]. Curatolo M Et Al. Central Hypersensitivity In Chronic Pain. Anesthesiology. 2006

Abstract: Background: Clavicle fractures represent 2–5% of adult fractures, most commonly involving the midshaft. Surgical fixation is often required in displaced fractures. General anesthesia though common ,involves risks such as airway manipulation and opioid-related side effects. Regional anesthesia provides superior analgesia and reduces opioid consumption. The clavipectoral fascial plane block (CPFB), combined with the superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB), offers targeted anesthesia while sparing the phrenic nerve......

Key Word: Clavipectoral fascial plane block, superficial cervical plexus block, clavicle fracture, regional anesthesia, landmark technique.

[1]. Purnomo J, Witjaksana I. Landmark-Guided Clavipectoral Fascial Plane Block For Clavicular Fixation: A Feasibility Case Report. Journal Of Pain Research. 2025;18:221-226.
[2]. Yoshimura T, Morimoto Y, Kusunoki S, Fujii T, Sato R. Clavipectoral Fascial Plane Block Provides Effective Analgesia While Preserving Diaphragmatic Function. Journal Of Anesthesia. 2023;37(4):568-575.
[3]. Xu JL, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Liu Y, Wang Y. Regional Anesthesia Techniques For Clavicle Surgery: A Systematic Review. BMC Anesthesiology. 2022;22:254.
[4]. Roque R, Barros GA, Sampaio FJ. Combined Cervical Plexus And Clavipectoral Fascial Plane Block As Sole Anesthetic Technique For Medial Clavicle Surgery. Journal Of Clinical Anesthesia. 2021;68:110077.
[5]. Kukreja P, Macbeth L, Feinstein J, Kalagara H, Chan V. Clavipectoral Fascial Plane Block For Clavicle Fractures: A Prospective Observational Study. Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine. 2020;45(9):713-719.

Abstract: Arteriovenous (AV) malformation is a congenital vascular anomaly in which there is an abnormal connection between the arterial and venous systems due to developmental arrest during embryogenesis. AV malformation of the head and neck are rare congenital vascular anomaly but when present, they are persistent, progressive, fatal, leading to considerable blood loss, and often incomplete resection leads to recurrence of the lesion. The current case shows AVM in a 12year-old girl with no distinctive signs except for swelling for the past one month suggesting AVM in Right body and ramus of Mandible. Malformation was diagnosed with the help of detailed patient history, clinical evaluation & radiographs. The definitive diagnosis was made by CT angiography.

Key Word: Arteriovenous malformation, mandible, tennis racquet appearance, Computed tomographic angiography.

[1]. Mohtesham, Imran; Pillappa, Chethana; Rohan, Priyal1. Vascular Malformation Of The Upper Lip. Archives Of Medicine And Health Sciences 7(2):P 258-261, Jul–Dec 2019. | DOI: 10.4103/Amhs.Amhs_97_19
[2]. Bokhari MR, Bokhari SRA. Arteriovenous Malformation Of The Brain. [Updated 2023 Apr 24]. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK430744/
[3]. Blackhall KK, Ling E, Kunjur J. A Rare Case Of A Intraosseous Arteriovenous Malformation Of The Temporomandibular Joint And Mandible - Case Report And Literature Review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2020;76:394-398. Doi: 10.1016/J.Ijscr.2020.10.011. Epub 2020 Oct 7. PMID: 33086167; PMCID: PMC7575646.
[4]. Schimmel K, Ali MK, Tan SY, Teng J, Do HM, Steinberg GK, Stevenson DA, Spiekerkoetter E. Arteriovenous Malformations-Current Understanding Of The Pathogenesis With Implications For Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 21;22(16):9037.
Doi: 10.3390/Ijms22169037. PMID: 34445743; PMCID: PMC8396465.
[5]. Shen Y, Su L, Wang D, Fan X. Overview Of Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations: From Diagnosis To Treatment Methods. J Interv Med. 2023 Oct 29;6(4):170-175. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jimed.2023.10.006. PMID: 38312130; PMCID: PMC10831390.

Abstract: Background: Flexible bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for diagnosing lung lesions. This study evaluated the diagnostic yield of bronchial washings, brushings, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in 100 patients over two years. Objective: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of bronchial washings, brushings, BAL, and TBB in lung lesion evaluation at Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences over a two-year period.....

Key Word: Bronchoscopy, Transbronchial Biopsy, BAL, Cytology, Pulmonary Malignancy.

[1]. Bilaceroglu S, Cagirici U, Perim K, Et Al. Diagnostic Yield Of Transbronchial Biopsy In Peripheral Lung Lesions. Respiration. 2002;69(5):435–441.
[2]. Mondoni M, Radovanovic D, Sotgiu G, Et Al. Bronchoscopy And Diagnosis Of Peripheral Lung Lesions. Eur Respir Rev. 2016;25(141):56–66.
[3]. Rivera MP, Mehta AC, Wahidi MM. Establishing The Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer. Chest. 2013;143(5 Suppl):E142s-E165s.
[4]. Poletti V, Casoni GL, Chilosi M, Et Al. Bronchoalveolar Lavage. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(5):1030–1045.
[5]. Sharma SK, Mohan A, Sharma A, Mitra DK. Miliary Tuberculosis: New Insights Into An Old Disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(7):415–430.

Abstract: External cervical resorption is a condition that leads to the loss of hard dental tissues, including enamel, cementum, and dentin. Despite being a severe condition, the underlying causes remain incompletely understood. The management of resorptions is depend upon their severity, location, and the materials employed. The therapeutic approach must aim to entirely remove the resorptive defect and repair it using a suitable filling material. Biodentine, a calcium silicate-based material, can be used to fill resorptive defects in the teeth. Moreover, biodentine exhibits several advantageous properties compared to MTA.....

Key Word: External Cervical Resorption, Biodentine, Maxillary incisor

[1]. Patel S, Kanagasingam S, Pitt Ford T. External Cervical Resorption: A Review. J Endod. 2009;35(5):616–25.
Doi: 10.1016/J.Joen.2009.01.015.
[2]. Heithersay GS. Clinical, Radiologic, And Histopathologic Features Of Invasive Cervical Resorption. Quintessence Int. 1999;30(1):27–37.
[3]. Mavridou AM, Hauben E, Wevers M, Schepers E, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. Understanding External Cervical Resorption In Vital Teeth. J Endod. 2016;42(12):1737–51. Doi: 10.1016/J.Joen.2016.06.007.
[4]. Heithersay GS. Invasive Cervical Resorption Following Trauma. Australian Endodontic Journal : The Journal Of The Australian Society Of Endodontology Inc. 1999;25(2):79–85. Doi: 10.1111/J.1747-4477.1999.Tb00094.X.

Abstract: Background: Riedel in 1888 described Riedel’s lobe as a rare anatomical variant of the liver presenting with a “tongue like projection descending from the anterior surface of the anterior margin of the right lobe of the liver to below the umbilicus” and almost always coexists with gallbladder disease. Whereas, Riedel’s like lobe is also described as an accessory lobe, which protrudes downward from the anterior margin of the left lobe and not from the right lobe and this term was coined by Dick J. in 1951. The present study was done to determine the prevalence rate of Riedels like lobe in cadaveric liver......

Key Word: Accessory lobe, hepatic lobe, riedel’s lobe, riedel’s-like lobe, liver abnormality, corset liver, liver anatomy.

[1]. Standring S, Borley NR, Gray H, Et Al., Editors. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice. 42nd Ed. London: Elsevier; 2021. P.1160, 67 (Liver)
[2]. Neginhal DD, Kulkarni UK. Morphological Study Of Human Liver: A Cadaveric Study. Medpulse – International Journal Of Anatomy. 2019;12(2):48–52.
[3]. Gillard JH, Patel MC, Abrahams PH, Dixon AK. Riedel’s Lobe Of The Liver: Fact Or Fiction? Clinical Anatomy 1998;11:47–49.
[4]. Chauhan HM, Modi HH, Rathod JB, Prajapati HK. Morphological Study Of Human Cadaveric Livers And Its Clinical Significance. Cureus. 2024 Feb 8;16(2):E53873.
[5]. Glennison M, Salloum C, Lim C, Et Al. Accessory Liver Lobes: Anatomical Description And Clinical Implications. Jour Visc Surg. 2014;151:451-5.

Abstract: Background: Subtrochanteric femur fractures represent a challenging injury due to high biomechanical stress and inherent instability. Proximal femoral nailing (PFN) is widely accepted as the gold standard treatment because of its biomechanical advantages and minimally invasive approach. This study aimed to evaluate the union rate, implant failure, complications, and functional outcomes following PFN in a tertiary hospital setting.......

Key Word: Subtrochanteric Fracture, Proximal Femoral Nail, Functional Outcome, Harris Hip Score.

[1]. Mauffrey C, Hak DJ, Giannoudis P, Alt V, Nau C, Marzi I, Augat P, Oh JK, Frank J, Mavrogenis A, Flecher X. Treatment of infection following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures—results of the ORS/ISFR expert group survey. International Orthopaedics. 2019 Feb 14;43(2):417-23.
[2]. Loizou CL, McNamara I, Ahmed K, Pryor GA, Parker MJ. Classification of subtrochanteric femoral fractures. Injury. 2010 Jul 1;41(7):739-45. [3].
Park JW, Ha YC, Kim JW, Kim TY, Kim JW, Baek SH, Lee YK, Koo KH. The Korean hip fracture registry study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2023 Jun 2;24(1):449.
[4]. Harvey LA, Payne NL, Tan A, Zhang J, Lai YC, Taylor ME, Armstrong E, McVeigh C, Mikolaizak AS, Hairu R, Scott TA. Variation in mortality following hip fracture across the Asia Pacific region: systematic review and proportional meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2024 Nov 1;126:105519.
[5]. Shukla S, Johnston P, Ahmad MA, Wynn-Jones H, Patel AD, Walton NP. Outcome of traumatic subtrochanteric femoral fractures fixed using cephalo-medullary nails. Injury. 2007 Nov 1;38(11):1286-93.

Abstract: Background: Episiotomy, a surgical incision of the perineum during vaginal delivery, has traditionally been used to prevent severe perineal trauma. This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between selective episiotomy and non-episiotomy protocols during normal vaginal delivery. Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal, from September 2022 to August 2023. 100 women in active labour meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled and allocated into two groups: selective episiotomy......

Key Word: Episiotomy, Selective Episiotomy, Perineal Pain, Maternal Satisfaction

[1]. Waldman R. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 198: prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery. Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2019 Jan 1;133(1):185.
[2]. World Health Organisation. WHO recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. World Health Organisation; 2018.
[3]. Betrán AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gülmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PloS one. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0148343.
[4]. Sangkomkamhang U, Kongwattanakul K, Kietpeerakool C, Thinkhamrop J, Wannasiri P, Khunpradit S, Thepsuthamarat K, Jampathong N, Lumbiganon P. Restrictive versus routine episiotomy among Southeast Asian term pregnancies: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020 Feb;127(3):397-403.
[5]. Miah MM, Aktar F, Hossain MS, Hossain K, Begum N. Influence of socioeconomic factors on maternal and child health outcomes in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2022 demographic and health survey. BMC Paediatrics. 2026 Feb 10.

Abstract: Background: Ovarian tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms ranging from benign lesions to highly aggressive malignancies. Ascites and ascitic fluid cytology may provide important clues to malignant potential and peritoneal spread, but evidence on their association with malignancy is limited in the local setting. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the association of ascites and cytological findings with malignancy in ovarian tumors.......

Key Word: Ovarian tumors, Ascites, Malignancy and Histopathology.

[1]. Reid BM, Permuth JB, Sellers TA. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review. Cancer biology & medicine. 2017 Feb 1;14(1):9-32.
[2]. Ali AT, Al-Ani O, Al-Ani F. Epidemiology and risk factors for ovarian cancer. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny. 2023 Jun 14;22(2):93-104.
[3]. Khazaei Z, Namayandeh SM, Beiranvand R, Naemi H, Bechashk SM, Goodarzi E. Worldwide incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer and Human Development Index (HDI): GLOBOCAN sources and methods 2018. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene. 2021 Apr 29;62(1):E174.
[4]. Razi S, Ghoncheh M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Aziznejhad H, Mohammadian M, Salehiniya H. The incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer and their relationship with the Human Development Index in Asia. ecancermedicalscience. 2016 Mar 24;10:628.

Abstract: Background: Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngological emergency that can become complex in elderly and hypertensive patients, sometimes requiring invasive interventions. Hypertension has long been linked to epistaxis through mechanisms such as vascular fragility, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, with prevalence rates among epistaxis patients ranging from 24% to 64%. Aim of the Study: This study seeks to explore the debated correlation between hypertension and epistaxis, aiming to clarify their pathophysiological interplay and improve clinical management strategies within the setting of Dhaka Medical College Hospital.......

Key Word: Epistaxis; Hypertension; Nasal bleeding; Blood pressure; Risk factors.

[1]. Alghofili M, Alwhaibi B, Alassaf AM, Aldhasee OW, Aljerian N, Alsubaie N, Alhussien A, Alsaleh S. Factors Associated with Recurrent Emergency Department Visits for Epistaxis in Adults, Cross Sectional Study in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2024 Dec 31:955-62.
[2]. Byun H, Chung JH, Lee SH, Ryu J, Kim C, Shin JH. Association of hypertension with the risk and severity of epistaxis. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2021 Jan;147(1):34-40.
[3]. Razzak MA, Mahalam M, Alam M, Hafiz MM, Islam S, Uddin MK. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting of Epistaxis: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka. Medicine Today. 2023 Nov 19;35(2):124-8.
[4]. Schlosser RJ. Epistaxis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 Feb 19;360(8):784-9.
[5]. Kikidis D, Tsioufis K, Papanikolaou V, Zerva K, Hantzakos A. Is epistaxis associated with arterial hypertension? A systematic review of the literature. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2014 Feb;271(2):237-43.