iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2026

Abstract: Background: The role of parental presence during paediatric dental treatment has long been debated among dental professionals. Historically, many paediatric dentists excluded parents from the operatory, under the assumption that such separation fostered a stronger patient–dentist relationship and facilitated treatment. More recent evidence, however, suggests that parental presence may alleviate children’s anxiety, improve cooperation, and reduce reliance on pharmacological interventions for anxiety management. In contrast, other studies have reported no......

Key Word: Dentist-patient relations, Children, Pediatric Dentists attitude, Parental presence, Dental Operatory, Dental health services

[1]. Grisolia, B. M., Dos Santos, A. P. P., Dhyppolito, I. M., Buchanan, H., Hill, K., & Oliveira, B. H. (2021). Prevalence Of Dental Anxiety In Children And Adolescents Globally: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent 31(2), 168–183. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Ipd.12712
[2]. Newton, Jonathon & Hare, Jennifer & Milasan, Geanina. (2023). Dental Anxiety And Behavior Problems In Children Attending For Dental Treatment. J Calif Dent Assoc. 47. 523-530. 10.1080/19424396.2019.12220819.
[3]. Kakkar, T., Saraf, B. G., Kalra, G., Sheoran, N., Khan, A. K., & Lakhanpal, P. (2022). Prevalence Of Dental Fear And Anxiety And Its Association With Behavior Using Three Fear And Anxiety Measurement Scales Among Children In Faridabad. J. South Asian Assoc. Pediatr. Dent., 5(3), 164-169.
[4]. Nathan JE, Nathan JE, Rayman MS, Golden BE, Vargas KG. Discretionary Parental Presence In The Dental Operatory: A Survey Of Pediatric Dentists And Parents. Pediatr Neonatal Nurs Open J. 2015; 50 – 61.
[5]. Riba H, Al-Shahrani A, Al-Otaibi A, Al- Kahtanis. Parental Presence/Absence In The Dental Operatory As A Behaviour Management Technique: A Review And Modified View. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018; 19(2): 237 – 41

Abstract: Background: Spinal anaesthesia is widely used for lower abdominal, lower limb and perineal surgeries because of its rapid onset, reliability and cost effectiveness. However, administration of intrathecal local anaesthetic as a single bolus dose may cause sudden sympathetic blockade resulting in haemodynamic instability. Fractionated intrathecal administration of local anaesthetic has been proposed to produce a gradual onset of block with improved haemodynamic stability and prolonged analgesia. Materials and Methods This hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study included 90 patients aged 18–60 years belonging.....

Key Word: Intrathecal Spinal anaesthesia, Fractionated dose, Bolus dose, Bupivacaine, Buprenorphine, Haemodynamic stability

[1]. Mordecai MM, Brull SJ. Spinal Anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2005;18(5):527–533.
[2]. Badheka JP, Kalpesh J, Patel B, Et Al. Comparison Of Fractionated Dose Versus Bolus Dose Injection In Spinal Anaesthesia For Patients Undergoing Elective Caesarean Section: A Randomized, Double- Blind Study. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(1):55–60.
[3]. Liu SS, Ware PD, Allen HW, Neal JM, Pollock JE. Dose-Response Characteristics Of Spinal Bupivacaine In Volunteers: Clinical Implications For Ambulatory Anaesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1996;85:729–736.
[4]. Brunton LL. Goodman And Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics. 12th Ed. New York: Mcgraw Hill Medical; 2011. P.573.
[5]. Yuksek A, Miniksar OH, Honca M, Oz H. Incidence And Causes Of Failed Spinal Anaesthesia.

Abstract: Background: Social media has become an important source of health-related information for the general public. Many dental trends, such as charcoal toothpaste use, do-it-yourself (DIY) whitening methods, and home remedies for oral care, are widely promoted online. While these trends may influence oral hygiene practices, their impact on periodontal health remains uncertain. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of.....

Key Word: Social media, periodontal health, oral hygiene behaviour, dental trends, questionnaire survey, health misinformation.

[1]. Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 13th Ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2019.
[2]. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal Diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17038.
[3]. Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal Diseases. Lancet. 2005;366(9499):1809-20.
[4]. Glick, M., Williams, D. M., Kleinman, D. V., Vujicic, M., Watt, R. G., & Weyant, R. J. (2016). A New Definition For Oral Health Developed By The FDI World Dental Federation Opens The Door To A Universal Definition Of Oral Health. Journal Of The American Dental Association (1939), 147(12), 915–917.
[5]. Moorhead SA, Hazlett DE, Harrison L, Carroll JK, Irwin A, Hoving C. A New Dimension Of Health Care: Systematic Review Of The Uses, Benefits, And Limitations Of Social Media For Health Communication. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(4):E85..

Abstract: Effective management of postoperative pain remains a cornerstone of perioperative care, particularly in patients undergoing lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries. Inadequately controlled pain can lead to delayed recovery, increased opioid consumption, higher risk of chronic pain syndromes, and patient dissatisfaction. Therefore, anesthesiologists continuously explore strategies to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia and reduce reliance on postoperative.......

[1]. Obaid A, Obaid A, Mir AJ, Javed HM. Comparison Between Two Different Doses Of Oral Pregabalin Given Pre‐Emptively On Duration Of Spinal Anesthesia And Postoperative Pain In Lower Limb Surgeries. Biological And Clinical Sciences Research Journal. 2025;6(5).
[2]. Patel R, Vadhadiya G, Gadani H, Gupta S. Comparative Evaluation Of Two Different Doses Of Dexmedetomidine For Intra Operative Moderate Sedation During Spinal Anesthesia. AACC Journal. 2021.
[3]. Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, Et Al. Management Of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From The American Pain Society, The American Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine, And The American Society Of Anesthesiologists' Committee On Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, And Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131-157.
[4]. Fletcher D, Stamer UM, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Et Al. Chronic Postsurgical Pain In Europe: An Observational Study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(10):725-734.
[5]. Zhang J, Ho KY, Wang Y. Efficacy Of Pregabalin In Acute Postoperative Pain: A Meta-Analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(4):454-462..

Abstract: Background: Radiographic methods can be used to assess the calcification, growth, and development of dental crowns and roots. However, because it is less expensive, requires no specialized equipment or training, and takes less time, a clinical examination of the oral cavity is recommended for establishing dental age. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between age ranges and the sequence of dental eruptions, as well as the influence of gender on eruption timing in Bihar school children........

Keywords: Tooth eruption, Dental age, Permanent teeth, Children, Eruption sequence.

[1]. Ash MM, Nelson SJ. Development And Eruption Of Teeth. In: Dental Anatomy, Physiology And Occlusion. 11th Ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2019; 49-51.
[2]. Boeker S, Hermanussen M, Scheffler C. Dental Age Is An Independent Marker Of Biological Age. HBPH [Internet]. 2022 Jun. 16 [Cited 2023 Jul. 10];3.
[3]. Putri AS, Soedarsono N, Nehemia B, Atmadja DS, Ubelaker DH. Age Estimation Of Individuals Aged 5-23 Years Based On Dental Development Of The Indonesian Population. Forensic Sci Res. 2021 Apr 15;7(2):115-123.
[4]. Fekonja A. Evaluation Of The Eruption Of Permanent Teeth And Their Association With Malocclusion. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022 Aug;8(4):836-842.
[5]. Prabhakar M, Sivapathasundharam B. Tooth Eruption Clock: A Novel Learning Aid. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2021 Sep-Dec;25(3):515-516.

Abstract: Background: The need to maintain oral hygiene is one of the integral pillars of dental health and hygiene, and the challenge of ensuring effective brushing techniques and practices is quite a task. Ineffective oral hygiene is likely to cause various periodontal and dental infections such as caries. Although spinal anesthesia is at the center of analgesia in various surgeries credited to simplicity and cost-effectiveness, there is a need to have a comparable system for home-based oral hygiene. The objective of the project is to design an IoT-based smart toothbrush.......

Key Word: Smart Toothbrush; Oral Health; Real-time Monitoring; Dental Hygiene.

[1]. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel On Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment Of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final Report, Circulation. 2002;106(25).
[2]. Stephan, R. M. "Intra-Oral Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations Associated With Dental Caries Activity." Journal Of The American Dental Association, 1944. (Primary Source For Ph Monitoring Logic).
[3]. Bass, C. C. "An Effective Method Of Personal Oral Hygiene." Journal Of The Louisiana State Medical Society, 1954; 106(2): 57-73. (Foundational Study For The 45-Degree Brushing Angle).
[4]. Mugil, Et Al. "Iot-Based Real-Time Oral Health Monitoring With Smart Toothbrush," International Journal Of Advanced Research In Information Technology, 2026.
[5]. Esposito, M., Et Al. "The Role Of The Internet Of Things (Iot) In Dental Health: A Review Of Current Trends." Journal Of Biomedical Informatics, 2023; 114: 103-112.

Abstract: Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor that most commonly arises in the extremities and predominantly metastasizes to the lungs. Pleural involvement is exceptionally uncommon, and true pleural metastasis from an extremity synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. - We report a 54-year-old man previously treated in 2004 for synovial sarcoma of the left leg with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by limb amputation. After a disease-free interval of nearly twenty years, he presented with persistent left basithoracic pain. Chest CT revealed a necrotic pleural mass with pleural effusion, and biopsy confirmed metastatic synovial sarcoma. The course was rapidly complicated by massive hemoptysis leading to death.......

[1]. Thway K, Fisher C. Synovial Sarcoma: Defining Features And Diagnostic Evolution. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2014;18(6):369-380.
[2]. Kransdorf MJ. Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors In A Large Referral Population: Distribution Of Diagnoses By Age, Sex, And Location. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164(1):129-134.
[3]. Lewis JJ, Antonescu CR, Leung DH, Blumberg D, Healey JH, Woodruff JM, Et Al. Synovial Sarcoma: A Multivariate Analysis Of Prognostic Factors In 112 Patients With Primary Localized Tumors. Ann Surg. 2000;232(4):586-595.
[4]. Essary LR, Vargas SO, Fletcher CD. Primary Pleuropulmonary Synovial Sarcoma: Reappraisal Of A Series Of 25 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(4):409-417.
[5]. Iwata T, Nishiyama N, Nagano K, Izumi N, Tsukioka T, Suehiro S. Metastatic Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma Of The Pleura. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;13(4):258-261.

Abstract: Background: The advantages of using regional anaesthetic methods are widely known. These advantages can be extended by using additives with local anaesthetics. This investigation sought to determine the impact of mixing dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine for supraclavicular block. Methods: Supraclavicular block was given using ultrasound guidance to 60 patients of ASA I & ASA II of either sex undergoing elective upper limb surgeries in this randomized, double-blind study. Group C (n = 30) received 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine + 1 mL normal saline while Group D (n = 30) received 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine +1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (1 mL). Patients were watched for any adverse effects, hemodynamic changes, the onset, duration of sensory and motor block, and total analgesic duration........

Keywords: Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, supraclavicular block.

[1]. Eledjam J.J, Deschodtt J, Viel EJ, Et Al. Brachial Plexus Block With Bupivacaine: Effects Of Added Alpha- Adrenergic Agonists: Comparison Be- Tween Clonidine And Epinephrine. Can J Anaesth. 1991; 38(7), 870-5.
[2]. Bromage PR. A Comparison Of Hydrochloride And Carbon Dioxide Salts Of Lidocaine And Prilo- Caine In Epidural Analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. Suppl. 1965; 16: 55-69.
[3]. Krebs EE, Carey TS, Weinberger M. Accuracy Of The Pain Numeric Rating Scale As A Screening Test In Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22(10): 1453-8.
[4]. Arain SR, Ebert TJ. The Efficacy, Side Effects, And Recovery Characteristics Of Dexmedetomi- Dine Versus Propofol When Used For Intraopera- Tive Sedation. Anesth Analg. 2002; 95(2):461-6.
[5]. Keniya VM, Ladi S, Naphade R. Dexme- Detomidine Attenuates Sympathoadrenal Re- Sponse To Tracheal Intubation And Reduces Peri- Operative Anaesthetic Requirement. Indian J Anaesth. 2011; 55:352–7.

Abstract: Osseointegration, defined as the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the implant surface plays a critical factor in the long-term success of dental implants, influencing their stability, functionality, and overall clinical outcomes. Surface characteristics of implants, such as topography and chemistry, as well as the surgical techniques employed during implant placement, are examined in detail, emphasizing their significant influence on osseointegration and subsequent implant stability. Additionally, host-related factors such as bone quality, systemic......

Keywords: Dental implants, osseointegration, surface modification, biofunctionalization, electrochemical treatment, tissue engineering

[1]. Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated Titanium Implants. Requirements For Ensuring A Long-Lasting, Direct Bone-To-Implant Anchorage In Man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70. Doi:10.3109/17453678108991776 Pubmed PMID: 7246093.
[2]. Advances In Implant Surface Modifications To Improve Osseointegration - Materials Advances (RSC Publishing) [Internet]. [Cited 2024 Oct 27]. Available From: Https://Pubs.Rsc.Org/En/Content/Articlelanding/2021/Ma/D1ma00675d
[3]. Albrektsson T, Johansson C. Osteoinduction, Osteoconduction And Osseointegration[4].
Rupp F, Liang L, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Scheideler L, Hüttig F. Surface Characteristics Of Dental Implants: A Review. Dental Materials. 2018 Jan 1;34(1):40–57. Doi:10.1016/J.Dental.2017.09.007
[5]. Menhall A, Lahoud P, Yang KR, Park KB, Razukevicius D, Traini T, Et Al. The Mineral Apposition Rate On Implants With Either A Sandblas.

Abstract: Background: Ankyloglossia or tongue tie is a congenital anatomical variation characterized by a short lingual frenulum, which may result with restriction tongue’s range of motion due to a short or thick lingual frenulum and as well as with the influence on oral function. There are several classifications that simplify this condition, and the most used are dr Lawrence Kotlow’s classification and Coryllos’ classification.
Case report and result: Treatment options for tongue tie are frenotomy (minimal invasive oral surgical procedure), frenuloplasty, (oral surgical procedure with reshapes the frenulum), myofunctional therapy (post-treatment exercises) and speech therapy.
A healthy 5-year-old girl was referred to........

Keywords: tongue-tie, lingual frenectomy, ankyloglossia

[1]. Bahadure RN, Jain E, Singh P, Pandey R, Chuk R. Labial Ankyloglossia: A Rare Case Report. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016; 7:555–557.
[2]. Belmehedi Akram, El Harti Karima, El Wady Wafaa. Ankyloglossia Has An Oral Functional Problem And Its Surgical Management. Dent Med Probl. 2018 Apr-Jun;55(2):213-216.
[3]. Brookes A, Bowley DM. Tongue Tie The Evidence For Frenotomy. Early Hum Dev. 2014; 90:765–768.
[4]. Chaubal TV, Dixit MB. Ankyloglossia And Its Management. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011; 15:270–272
[5]. Chinnadurai S, Francis DO, Epstein RA, Morad A, Kohanim S, Mcpheeters M. Treatment Of Ankyloglossia For Reasons Other Than Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2015; 135:1467–1474.

Abstract: This case report describes the case of a 31-year-old primigravida with no previous cardiac history who was referred from Civil Hospital during her third trimester with a known reduced ejection fraction (EF). She subsequently delivered via vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery. Following delivery, she was found to have a severely decreased LVEF (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) of 20-25%, and evidence of bilateral pedal edema. She........

Keywords: Peripartum cardiomyopathy; Heart failure; Postpartum complications; Left ventricular dysfunction; Maternal morbidity

[1]. Sliwa K, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Petrie MC, Mebazaa A, Pieske B, Buchmann E, Et Al. Current State Of Knowledge On Aetiology, Diagnosis, Management, And Therapy Of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Position Statement From The Heart Failure Association Of The European Society Of Cardiology Working Group On Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12(8):767-78. DOI: 10.1093/Eurjhf/Hfq120
[2]. Davis MB, Arany Z, Mcnamara DM, Goland S, Elkayam U. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-Of-The-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(2):207-21. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jacc.2019.11.014
[3]. Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Kaminski K, Podewski E, Bonda T, Schaefer A, Sliwa K, Et Al. A Cathepsin D-Cleaved 16 Kda Form Of Prolactin Mediates Postpartum Cardiomyopathy. Cell. 2007;128(3):589-600. DOI: 10.1016/J.Cell.2006.12.036
[4]. Brar SS, Khan SS, Sandhu GK, Jorgensen MB, Parikh N, Hsu JW, Et Al. Incidence, Mortality, And Racial Differences In Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(2):302-4. DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjcard.2007.02.092.

Abstract: Background: Overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing in countries like India. The prevalence of overweight increased from 9.7 % before 2001 to 13.9 % in studies reported after 2010. Obesity contributes to an overall inflammatory condition through its metabolic and immune parameters, thereby increasing susceptibility to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory condition. The rising prevalence of obesity has resulted in an increased burden from several major diseases, notably diabetes with recent evidence.......

Keywords: Obesity, Infectobesity, PISA, Periodontitis

[1]. Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area: Quantifying Inflammatory Burden, Nesse W, Abbas F, Van Der Ploeg I, Spijkervet FKL, Dijkstra PU, Vissink A., J Clin Periodontol 2008.
[2]. Is Obesity An Oral Bacterial Disease? J.M. Goodson, D.Groppo , S. Halem And E. Carpino, JDR 2009 June.
[3]. Hujoel PP, White BA, Garc_Ia RI, Et Al. The Dentogingival Epithelial Surface Area Revisited. J Periodontal Research, 2001.
[4]. Chronic Periodontitis Prevalence And The Inflammatory Burden In A Sample Population From South India Epidemiological Study, Balaji SK, Vamsi Lavu, Suresh Rao, IJDR, March 2019.
[5]. Comparative Analysis Of Subgingival Red Complex Bacteria In Obese And Normal Weight Subjects With Or Without Chronic Periodontitis, Snophia Suresh, Gurdeep Singh, J Indian Soc Periodontology, June 2017

Abstract: In order to eradicate the majority of the pathogenic bacteria that are present in the canals, root canal treatment intends to clean, shape, and fill the endodontic space in three dimensions. Inconsistencies in the shape of the root canal are a consequence of many of the challenges encountered during therapy. The continual existence of infection due to a missing canal or insufficient removal of bacteria and necrotic pulp remains during instrumentation........

Keywords: 2 rooted maxillary 1st molar, Root canal therapy, CBCT

[1]. Vertucci FJ. Root Canal Anatomy Of The Human Permanent Teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58(5):589–599.
[2]. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC. Root And Root Canal Morphology Of The Human Permanent Maxillary First Molar: A Literature Review. J Endod. 2006;32(9):813–821.
[3]. Ahmed HM, Versiani MA, De-Deus G, Dummer PM. A New System For Classifying Root And Root Canal Morphology. Int Endod J. 2017;50(8):761–770.
[4]. Hoen MM, Pink FE. Contemporary Endodontic Retreatments: An Analysis Based On Clinical Treatment Findings. J Endod. 2002;28(12):834–836.
[5]. Patel S, Horner K. The Use Of Cone Beam Computed Tomography In Endodontics. Int Endod J. 2009;42(9):755–756.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine verus tramadol when used prophylactically to prevent post spinal shivering. In this prospective double-blind randomized controlled clinical study, 60 American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade-l (ASAI) patients aged between 18 and 65 years scheduled for various orthopedics and plastic lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia, were selected. The patients were divided into two groups: Group D(n=30) comprised of patients who received dexmedetomidine 0.3mg/kg intravenously (IV) and Group(T) patients who received tramadol 1 mg/kg IV, given 5 minutes before administering.......

Keywords: Shivering, prophylactic dexmedetomidine, tramadol, nausea vomiting

[1]. Zhang Y, Et Al. Mechanisms Of Thermoregulation And Shivering: Clinical Implications. J Anesth Clin Res. 2017;8(1):1–5.
[2]. Usta B, Gozdemir M, Demircioglu RI, Muslu B, Sert H, Yaldiz A. Dexmedetomidine For The Prevention Of Shivering During Spinal Anesthesia. Clin Drug Investig. 2011;31(2):109–15.
[3]. Kim YH, Kil HK, Kim WB, Koo BN. Risk Factors For Shivering During Spinal Anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013;64(1):30–4.
[4]. Lakhe G, Shrestha B, Sharma P, Shrestha L. Incidence And Severity Of Shivering In Spinal Anesthesia And Its Correlation With Core Body Temperature. J Univ Coll Med Sci. 2017;5(2):25–9.
[5]. Kamal RS, Gupta A, Kumar S. Shivering Following Regional Anaesthesia: A Review. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2011;21(4):483–90.

Abstract: Background: Lunate dislocations are high-energy carpal injuries that are frequently missed during initial emergency evaluations. When these injuries remain untreated, they transition into "chronic" or "neglected" dislocations, leading to median nerve compression, carpal instability, and progressive osteonecrosis. Managing these cases is surgically challenging due to soft tissue contractures and articular surface degradation.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this case study is to describe the clinical presentation, radiological findings, and surgical........

Keywords: Lunate dislocation, Carpal instability, Neglected injury, Wrist arthroplasty, Median nerve compression, Case report

[1]. Mayfield JK, Johnson RP, Kilcoyne RK. Carpal Dislocations: Pathomechanics And Progressive Perilunate Instability. The Journal Of Hand Surgery. 1980;5(3):226-241. (The "Gold Standard" For Classifying These Injuries).
[2]. Herzberg G, Comtet JJ, Linscheid RL, Amadio PC, Cooney WP, Stalder J. Perilunate Dislocations And Fracture-Dislocations: A Multicenter Study. The Journal Of Hand Surgery. 1993;18(5):768-779. (Discusses The High Rate Of Missed Diagnoses).
[3]. Inoue G, Shionoya K. Late Treatment Of Unreduced Perilunate Dislocations. The Journal Of Hand Surgery (British & European Volume). 1999;24(2):221-225. (Specific To Chronic/Neglected Cases).
[4]. Siegert JJ, Wood MB. Physysical Therapy For Neglected Perilunate Dislocations. Journal Of Hand Surgery. 1987;12(5):709-713. (Focuses On Outcomes Of Delayed Reduction).
[5]. Kachooei AR, Talaei-Khoei M, Ring D, Lubahn JD. Management Of Neglected Carpal Dislocations. Orthopedic Clinics Of North America. 2016;47(1):195-209. (A Modern Review Of Treatment Algorithms)..

Abstract: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is characterized by stenosing of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons which affects both the genders. The Dorso radial side of the wrist is generally swollen and painful in this condition. De Quervain’s tendonitis is typically treated conservatively; surgery is rarely used. Ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, wrist and thumb immobilization, and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory medications were all part of its conservative management. This study aims to find the effectiveness of Ultrasound therapy and Laser therapy.......

Keywords: Pinch meter, laser therapy, VAS, ultrasound therapy, De Quervain's tenosynovitis

[1]. Ahuja NK, Chung KC. Fritz De Quervain, MD (1868–1940): Stenosing Tendovaginitis At The Radial Styloid Process. J Hand Surg Am. 2004;29(6):1164–1170. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jhsa.2004.05.019
[2]. Stahl S, Vida D, Meisner C, Lotter O, Rothenberger J, Schaller HE, Et Al. Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On The Work-Related Cause Of De Quervain Tenosynovitis: A Critical Appraisal Of Its Recognition As An Occupational Disease. Plast ReconstrSurg. 2013;132(6):1479–1491. Doi: 10.1097/01.Prs.0000434409.32594.1b
[3]. Schned ES. De Quervain Tenosynovitis In Pregnant And Postpartum Women. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;68(3):411–414.
Doi: 10.1097/00006250-198609000-00025
[4]. Kirithika G, Kamalakannan M, Ramana K, Anitha A. Efficacy Of Scapular Strengthening Exercise And Eccentric Forearm Exercise On Functional Recovery In Subjects With Lateral Epicondylitis. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther. 2024;18:Xx–Xx.
Doi: 10.37506/V1zm1714
[5]. Hanphitakphong P, Keeratisiroj O, Thawinchai N. Smartphone Addiction And Its Association With Upper Body Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among University Students Classified By Age And Gender. J Phys Ther Sci. 2021;33(5):394–400.
Doi: 10.1589/Jpts.33.394

Abstract: Duane retraction syndrome is a strabismus syndrome characterised by congenital non-progressive horizontal ophthalmoplegia mostly affecting the abducens nerve. It mostly occurs as an isolated condition but sometimes may be associated with multiple anomalies. Here, we report a case of bilateral type 1 Duane’s syndrome and its management. The patient underwent strabismus surgery in both eyes for the upshoot and alternate esotropia. She was also investigated for other possible.......

Keywords: Duane’s retraction syndrome, scoliosis lumbosacral spine, mental retardation.

[1]. Jampolsky A. “Duane Syndrome.” In: Rosenbaum AL, Santiago AP, Eds. Clinical Strabismus Management – Principles And Techniques. Philadelphia: W B Saunders. 1999:323-404.
[2]. Freedman HL, Kushner BJ. Congenital Ocular Aberrant Innervations - New Concepts. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1997;34:10-16.
[3]. Kirkham TH. Inheritance Of Duane`S Syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 1970;54:323-329.
[4]. Hotchkiss, Mary G, Neil R, Miller, Arthur WC, William RG. Bilateral Duane`S Retraction Syndrome, A Clinical-Pathologic Case Report. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980;98:870-874.
[5]. Chaitanya V, Shrikiran A, Suneel CM, Karthick A. Bilateral Type 1 Duane Syndrome With Multiple Anomalies: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res. 2012 Oct;6(8):1435-1436..

Abstract: Background: Hypertensive disorders complicate approximately 5–10% of all pregnancies and remain a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early onset preeclampsia, defined as preeclampsia manifesting before 34 weeks of gestation, carries a disproportionately higher risk of adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus compared with late onset disease. Data from the Indian subcontinent, particularly from southern India, remain limited. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the spectrum of maternal and fetal outcomes in women diagnosed with early onset preeclampsia at a tertiary care centre........

Keywords: Early onset preeclampsia, maternal outcome, fetal outcome, HELLP syndrome, preterm delivery, cross-sectional study.

[1]. Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2010;376(9741):631–644.
[2]. Sibai BM, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2005;365(9461):785–799.
[3]. Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L. Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170(1):1–7.
[4]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 222. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(6):e237–e260.
[5]. Poston L. Endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. Pharmacol Rep. 2006;56 Suppl:69–74.

Abstract: Background: Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) remains a significant obstetric complication contributing substantially to perinatal mortality worldwide. In developing nations like India, the burden of stillbirth is disproportionately high owing to limited access to quality antenatal care, delayed referrals, and prevalent maternal comorbidities. Identifying the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with IUFD is essential for developing targeted preventive strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and fetal risk factors associated with intrauterine fetal demise and to determine the management outcomes and maternal complications in a tertiary care hospital setting........

Keywords: Intrauterine fetal demise, stillbirth, risk factors, antenatal care, perinatal mortality, hypertensive disorders.

[1]. Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Waiswa P, Amouzou A, Mathers C, Hogan D, et al. Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030. Lancet. 2016;387(10018):587-603.
[2]. World Health Organization. Making every baby count: audit and review of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Geneva: WHO; 2016.
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