IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: As they have come in search of a family wellness, the Burkinabe migrants have settled in the forest area of Méagui, a town located in the southwest Côte d'Ivoire. For years, they have become mostly big farmers after having acquired the land through a gift or a purchase from Bacoue natives. In this way, the relationships with their original country experience changes................

Keywords: Migrant identity crisis, modifying reports, family wellness

[1] Balac R., (2000), « Achèvement de l'économie ivoirienne, un blocage structurel : Analyse d'une crise », in B. Contamin et H. Memel Fotê (dir), le modèle ivoirien en question-crises, ajustement, recompositions, Paris, Karthala, collection (Homme et Société), 1997
[2] Bauchemin C., (2000), « La migration ville-campagne en Côte d'Ivoire », une circulation inversée, communication aux journées scientifiques de L'APAD, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
[3] Bredeloup S., (2003), « La Côte d'Ivoire ou l'étrange destin de l'étranger », revue européenne de migration, vol, 19, n 2.
[4] Chauveau J.-P., (2002), « The Institution of the « tutorat » between Locals and Migrants, and

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the background of gang motor anarchism inMakassar and to minimize the problem about gang motor anarchism that always unsettling and threatening the safety of Makassar society. The method that used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive research is "research that to describe a condition or phenomenon, not sorting out or searching for factors or certain variables. Crimes by gang motor made disturbing for the society. Anyone who is involved in it, whether apparatus or not, the anarchy was taking the life of a criminal action that has been intolerable. Indirectly, this issue has an adverse effect on the next generation of education based on explanation............

Keywords: Social dimension, anarchism, motorcycle gangs and juvenile delinquency

[1] Eitzen, D. 2002. Social Problems Stanlen. Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, Sydney, Toronto.
[2] Emzir, 2008. Educational Research Methodology (Quantitative and Qualitative). Jakarta: King Grafindopersada.
[3] Galtung, Johan, 2003, the Peace Studies; peace and conflict, development and civilization, Eureka Library, Surabaya.
[4] Hall, Anthony and James Midgley. 2004. Social Policy for Development. London: Sage Publications.
[5] Hilgartner, S. &Bosk, C.L. 1988. "The Rise and fall of social problems: A Public arena model". The American Journal of Sociology, 94 (1), 53-78.

Abstract: This paper seeks to establish causes of burnout which Non Governmental Organisations Emergence Workers in Midlands Region of Zimbabwe experience. The paper was prompted by the fact that in Zimbabwe, NGO Emergence Workers complain of burnout yet very little has been done to establish the cause. Thus this study was qualitatively rooted in the interpretive paradigm and conducted at two NGOs that were responding to humanitarian emergencies in Midlands Region of Zimbabwe. The sample was made up of 26 participants from field staff purposively sampled...............

Keywords: Burnout, Non-Governmental Organization and Zimbabwe

[1] Cherniss ,C. (1980). Professional Burnout in Human Service Organizations. New York: Praeger.
[2] Chisaka, B. C. (2007). Ability streaming: a stumbling block to teaching and learning. Harare: University of Zimbabwe.
[3] Chisaka, B. C. (2013). Action research. A tool for practitioner theory creation. Harare:
[4] Zimbabwe Open University Publications.
[5] Chitura, D. & Chitura, M., (2014).Burnout Syndrome in Intensive Care Unit Nurses in Zimbabwe. European Scientific Journal, edition ISSN: 1857 – 7881

Abstract: This paper examined education for peace and development and explored the issues of education against violence. Education for peace aims at preventing conflict in advance and educating individuals and the society for peaceful existence on the basis of non-violence, tolerance, equality, respect for others and social justice. When people are educated on the importance of resolving conflicts in a peaceful way without resorting to violence with its devastating effects on the social, economic, education and politics, then there will be rapid development in the country..............

Keywords: Education, Peace, Development, Violence, Ethic groups and Conflict

[1] Adetola, V.A. (2006). Development conflicting and peace building in Africa. In Shedract G.B (ed) Introduction to peace and conflict studies in West Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum.
[2] Agenda21signedby178countriesinRioatEarthSummit http:///www.worldaware.or.uk.education/sustain.html.
[3] Anasi, S.N. (2010). Curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria: The role of information and libraries. Library philosophy and practice. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/mbolin/anasi.htm
[4] Anikpo, M. (2007). Violence as a feature of inter-ethnic compensations: Implication for stability and development. In B. Celestine & O. Oshita (eds) conflict resolution identity crisis and development in Africa Lagos: Malthovk.

Abstract: Governance is the process of decision-making and how those decisions are implemented. Good governance involves quality public service delivery, accountable-decision-making, and civic engagement. Devolution helps make good governance feasible. Kenya thus adopted devolution to improve governance and catalyse development to the local levels. However, since enactment of the new constitution of 2010, the status of public service delivery(aspect of governance) in the local governments had not been determined and documented especially from the perspective of the citizens who consume the public goods.............

Keywords: - Governance, perceptions, Policy, Delivery, Citizen

[1] IEA (2010) Devolution in Kenya: Prospects, challenges and the future, IEA Research Paper Series No. 24, Institute of Economic Affairs, Nairobi.
[2] Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, Valerie, A. & Berry, L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49(1) 41-50.
[3] Lewis, B.R. & Mitchell, V.W. (1990) "Defining and measuring the quality of customer service," Marketing Intelligence and Planning, vol. 8(6): 11-17
[4] Kotler, P. & Keller, K.L. (2009) Marketing management (13th end). New Jersey:
[5] Nassiuma, D.K. (2000). Survey Sampling; Theory and Methods. Nairobi: Nairobi University. Press.

Abstract: Democracy, which is the most sought- after political arrangement in the modern world has been challenged in Nigerian political enclave. This paper observed the ethnic cleavage voting behaviour and interrogated the impact of same in consolidating the democratic credos in the 21st century Nigeria. Secondary source of data were utilized through observation method of data collection. Theoretically, the paper adopted social cleavage theory as a theoretical fulcrum around which the study oscillated. This model maintained among other things that in a multi-ethnic setting, socio-political issues always tend to follow the line of ethnic origin and sentiments..................

Keywords: Democratic Consolidation, Election, Ethnic Cleavage, Political Party, Voting Behaviour

[1] Bratton, M. ed. (2013). Voting and Democratic Citizenship in Africa. (New York: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
[2] Bromhead, P. A. (1964). Elite. In J. Gould & W. L. Kolb (eds) Dictionary of Social Sciences. London:Tavistock Publication.
[3] Campbell, A; Philip E. C, Warren E. M. & Donald S. (1960) The American voter. New York: Wiley.
[4] Conroy-K.. J. (2013). Information and Ethnic Politics in Africa‛. British Journal of Political Science, 43(2): 345-373
[5] Dudley, B. (1982). An introduction to Nigerian government and politics. London and Basingtake: Macmillan Press.

Abstract: Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the common factors that can result from reducing the intake or absorption of iron, or iron loss caused by the bleeding. Measuring the concentration of ferritin, an important parameter to measure the amount of iron reserves in the body. Saliva and other body fluids are significant similarities in some markers. This study designed for evaluation of correlation between saliva and serum ferritinlevel in patients with iron deficiency anemia and comparison group............

Keywords:-Anemia, Ferritin, saliva, serum

[1] Martins., Greenberg., Michael., Glick., Janathana., Ship. Burkets Oral Medicine Eleventh Edition: BC Decker Inc; 2008.
[2] Allen LH. Interventions for micronutrient deficiency control in developing countries: past, present and future. The Journal of nutrition. 2003;133(11 Suppl 2):3875S-8S. Epub 2003/12/16. PubMed PMID: 14672284.
[3] Youdim MB, Yehuda S. The neurochemical basis of cognitive deficits induced by brain iron deficiency: involvement of dopamine-opiate system. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2000;46(3):491-500. Epub 2000/06/29. PubMed PMID: 10872737.
[4] Forman DT, Vye MV. Immunoradiometric serum ferritin concentration compared with stainable bone-marrow iron as indices to iron stores. Clinical chemistry. 1980;26(1):145-7. Epub 1980/01/01. PubMed PMID: 7356550.

Abstract: The present study examines nationality group effect on language proficiency considering six groups of Portuguese immigrant students (M=13 years old; SD= 2,7): Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Portuguese-speaking African countries, Latin America, Asia and China. This research aims to verify whether students from different nationalities evidence similar difficulty levels in tests on language skills. Results of MANOVA showed that nationality groups differed in a significant manner, in particular, two groups – South Asia (Meridional) and Latin America...........

Keywords: -Nationality; Asian-Portuguese Students; Latin-American; Portuguese as a Second Language; Educational Achievement.

[1] Abreu, P., Puglisi, M., Cruz-Santos, A., & Befi-Lopes, R. (2013). .Effects of impoverished environmental conditions on working memory performance. Memory, 22(4).

[2] Abu-Rabia, S., & Shakkour, W. (2014). Cognitive retroactive transfer (CRT) of language skills among trilingual Arabic-Hebrew and English learners. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 4, 1–20.doi:10.4236/ojml.2014.41001.
[3] Alba, R. & Foner, N. (2014), Comparing Immigrant Integration in North America and Western Europe: How Much Do the Grand Narratives Tell Us?. International Migration Review, 48, 263–291. Doi: 10.1111/imre.12134

Abstract: The Centers of employer and employee's problem – Solving divided into (primary) recognition committees and problem – solving committee (revising). The centers don't have so complicated formalities, so that members of committees are experts in employment affaires, and don't impose any cost on parts. The most prominent characteristic is the principle of rapid consideration which is not followed by negative consequences of adjudication stretching; thus problems and fights are solved as soon as possible..........

Keywords - Employer, Employee, Adjudication Regulation, centers of problem, Solving

[1] Amid,Hassan,AmidDictionary,Tehran,AmirKabir,TenthEdition,1997.Bahrami,Bahram,CivilProcedure"use",Tehran,Binetpublications2006.JafariLangroodi, MJ, terminology of Law, Tehran, Ganj-e-Danesh publicationsSixthEdition,1993.Dehkhoda,AliAkbar,Dictionary,Tehran publications ,DehkhodaDictionary Institute,1986. Elahiyan, MJ, questions and answers in the field of labor relations, Labor and Social Welfare Institute press, Third Edition, 2004.
[2] Elahiyan, MJ, precedents of the Court of Administrative Justice and the Supreme Court on issues of labor andsocialsecurity,laborandsocialsecurityinstitutions,firstedition2002.
[3] Ghamami, M. and M. Hassan, the principles of international procedure, Tehran, Nashr-e-Mizan, first edition, winter 2007.

Abstract: Aviation Emission is referred to as the gaseous pollutants emitted by aircraft and aerospace engines as a result of their combustion activities.The world- wide increase in the volume of aviation emission being discharged on the earth surface has been reported to have severe global pollution impact on human lives and the environment.Following series of academic debate and scientific reports on the need to check the rate of increase in aviation emission and its destructive impact, the United Nations embarked on global regulation of aviation emission so as to reduce its devastating impact.......

Keywords: Review, Existing Literature, Regulations, Reduction, Aviation emission

[1] AbdulGafur, H. Public International Law: A practical Approcah (3rdEdn) Malaysia, Sweet and Maxwell Asia(2011).
[2] Allen Pein Jan and AnnekPetsonk, The Skies:AnAirline Based System for Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emission from International Civil Aviation, Environmental Lawyer (2000).
[3] AnuVendantham and Oppenheimer, "Aircraft Emissions and the Global Atmosphere," ..
[4] Base System for Limiting Green House Gas Emission From International Civil Aviation.(1999).
[5] Bourne, Clerk, and Chagas, "Aviation And Climate Change Regulation,".(2001)..

Abstract: Terrorism in the 21st century has taken a new dimension. The rebirth of modern religious terrorism is considered as the most alarming threat in the contemporary global system. The new trend of suicide attacks and bombings in the name of God has widen the debate on terrorism and extended the political importance of terrorism study. Although fanaticism is not new, its re-emergence is much peculiar to Islamic religion hence the coining of the term 'Islamic terrorism' among diplomats, analyst and scholars. Unlike previous extremisms, the modern Islamic terrorism is characterised by greater lethality with wider onslaughts across frontiers............

[1] Atran, S. (2003) 'Genesis of suicide terrorism', Science American Association for the advancement of science, 299, pp. 1534-1539.
[2] Barkin, M. (1996) Religion and the Racist Right: the origins of the Christian identity movement. Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
[3] Cameron, G., Pate, J., McCauley, D., and Defazio, L. (2000) 'A chronology of sub-state incidents involving CRBN materials', The Non Proliferation Review, 7(2), pp. 157-174.

Abstract: This paper describes the assessment of the student's critical thinking and identify the factors affecting its development. The assessment is done to Indonesian students learning English language at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University. The identification of factors affecting their critical thinking development would contribute to the further aspects relating to the establishment of critical thinking based instruction in EFL teaching and learning process in Indonesia........

Keywords: Critical thinking, culture background, family background, learning strategies

[1] R. V. White, New Ways in Teaching Writing (Bloomington: Pantagraph Printing, 1995).
[2] M. Kreth, M. A. Crawford, M. Taylor and E. Brockman, Situated assessment: limitations and promise. Assessing Writing 15(1), 2010, 40–59.
[3] J. Crook. Substantive Critical Thinking as Developed by The Foundation for Critical Thinking Proves Effective in Raising SAT and ACT Test Scores at Westside High School (http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/substantive-critical-thinking-as-developed-by-the-foundation-for-critical-thinking-proves-effective-in-raising-sat-and-act-test-scores/632), 2006.
[4] Y. A. Delaney, Investigating the reading-to-write construct. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(1), 2008, 140-150.

Abstract: This study aims to understand the meaning of religious freedom in the perspective of the religious elite in Malang. Freedom of religion is defined as one of the human rights guaranteed by the laws in force in Indonesia as well as in the text of religious scriptures. They also interpret that freedom of religion is one of the options given by God to be accountable to Him in the Hereafter, thus requiring the commitment of each religious community to hold on to their respective religious teachings......

Keywords: Religious freedom, violation, religious harmony

[1] Budhy Munawar Rachman, Argumen Islam Untuk Pluralisme (Jakarta: Grasindo, 2010).
[2] Budhy Munawar Rachman (ed.) Membela Kebebasan Beragama (Jakarta: LSAF-Paramadina, 2010).
[3] Suhadi Cholil, dkk. Laporan Tahunan Kehidupan Beragama 2009 (Yogyakarta: PPS CRCS-Universitas Gajahmada, 2010).
[4] Sandro Gatra."Kebebasan Beragama Makin Memburuk", in Kompas (03 Juni 2013).
[5] Uli Parulian (ed.), Menggugat Bakor PAKEM: Kajian Hukum terhadap Pengawasan Agama dan Kepercayaan di Indonesia (Jakarta: IRLC, 2008).

Abstract: Nearly 17 percent of the world‟s total commodity trade is accounted by BRICS countries. BRICS countries,categorised as leading emerging economies and political powers at the regional and international level, are causing changes in the architecture of international development cooperation. Keeping in view the increasing international importance of BRICS countries both economically and politically and increasing efforts by leaders of BRICS countries to enhance mutual trade and strengthen BRICS as a group financially and politically, one of the major objectives of present study is to find out how intense the trade is among BRICS......

Keywords: BRICS, Export Intensity Index, Import Intensity Index, Intra-BRICS Trade, Trade Intensity Index

[1] Singh, Kalpana. A Comparative Analysis of Foreign Trade of BRICS Countries. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, p. 29-40, feb. 2016. Retrieved from <http://www.indianjournalofmanagement.com/index.php/pijom/article/view/87235>. Date accessed: 25 Apr. 2016. doi:10.17010/pijom/2016/v9i2/87235.
[2] Information about BRICS. (n.d., para.2). Retrieved from http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/about-brics/information-about-brics
[3] The Economist (2013). Why is South Africa included in the BRICS? March 29. Retrieved August 5, 2015 from www.economist.com/blogs/.../economist-explains-why-south-africa-brics
[4] India to host 8th BRICS Summit in Goa.(2016,March,22). The Hindu. Retrieved from http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-to-host-8th-brics-summit-in-goa/article8385272.Ece

Abstract: Zakah is the economic pillar of Islam. It is the cornerstone of the Islamic economy. It is enjoined by Allah on the wealthy to forfeit a specific amount of their wealth that has reached nisab, for the benefit of the poor. Zakah administration in Islam is carried out by authorities established by the state, or voluntary Muslim organizations, as the case may be. This paper which is a literature review paper focuses on the administration of zakah and its importance in the society.......

Keywords: Zakah administration, government-backed institutions, NGOs, Kogi State, Nigeria.

[1] Abdelbaki, H. H. 2014. Assessment the impact of zakat on aggregate consumption and poverty: evidence from Egypt. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(8), 1306-1322. Retrieved from: sciencedomain.org/download/NDQ3MkBAcGY
[2] Abdullah, R. 2010. Zakat management in Brunei Darussalam: A case study. In the proceedings of the seventh international conference- The Tawhidi epistemology: zakat and waqf economy, Bangi. 375-407. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/5326631
[3] Adebayo, R.I. 2011. Zakat and poverty alleviation: A lesson for the fiscal policy makers in Nigeria. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 7(4), 25-42. Retrieved from: unilorin.edu.ng/publications/adebayori
[4] Afzal, M &Akram, M.M. (2014). Dynamic role of zakat in alleviating poverty: A case study of Pakistan. Munich personal RePEc Archive. Paper no 56013. Retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56013/