iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2016

Abstract: In the plastics industry most of the acrylics are the polymers of methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Acrylics can be available in various forms such as molding powder or casting syrups. They are mostly known for the exceptional clarity and optical properties in various fields. Acrylics are mostly used in production of fixtures because of the properties such as slow burning or self-extinguishing. The present paper covers what is acrylic, what are the various uses of acrylic, usage of acrylic in the future technology etc. Possible areas in which acrylic can serve as a useful option are also covered........

Key words: Materials, PMMA, properties, technology, work.

[1] The Acrylite brand-acrylite-colors, patterns and functions.

[2] Trademark electronic search system, US patent and registration number 0350093.

[3] [4] [6] [7]Charles A. Harper; Edward M. Petrie (10 October 2003). Plastics materials and processes: A concise encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons. P 9. ISBN 978-0-471-45920-0.

[5] Reed business information (13 June 1974). Misused materials stoked Summerland fire. IPC magazines: 684. ISSN 0262-4079.

[6] A trademark of Cyro.

[7] Zylar, a trademark of Nova Chemicals.

Abstract: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are strategies employed in the provision and development of both social and economic infrastructure facilities in many countries of the word. It is a contractual arrangement between the public and private sector through which the expertise, skills, assets and financial resources of both the public and private sectors are allocated in such a manner that provides optimal service delivery and good value to the public. The major feature in the implementation and operation of PPPs in the development and provision of infrastructure facilities is the systematic evaluation and selection of development proposals that delivers value from the money invested in the transaction.......

Keyword: Infrastructure, Development, Public-Private Partnership, Value for Money

[1]. Akintoye, A. & Beck, M. (2009). Introduction Perspectives on PPP: RICS Research, Policy, Finance and Management for Public-Private Partnerships, ed. West Sussex, Blackwell.
[2]. Babatunde, S.O., Opawale, A. &Ujadugbe, I.C. (2010) "An Appraisal of Project Procurement Methods in the Nigerian Construction Industry".Civil Engineering Dimension, 12(1), pp.1-7.
[3]. Bult-Spiering, M. &Dewulf, G. (2006) "Strategic Issues in the Public-Private-Partnership: An International Perspective. Blackwell, Oxford.
[4]. Cui, Q. &Lindly, J.K. (2010) "Evaluation of Public-Private Partnership Proposals" University Transportation Center for Alabama Report, pp.730-941.
[5]. Cui, Q, Sharma, D.,Farajian, M., Perez, M. &Lindly, J. (2010) "Feasibility Study Guideline for Public-Private Partnership Projects" UTCA, Alabama.

Abstract:In The Present Work Enhancement Of Heat Transfer In A Circular Tube Was Investigated By Inserting V-Jagged Twisted Tape.The Twisted Tape Used Had 100mm Pitch And Two Different Materials (Copper And Aluminium) Were Used .The Experiment Were Conducted Keeping Constant Heat Flux And By Varying Mass Flow Rate Using Working Medium As Air.The Heat Transfer Rate,Friction Factor, Nusselt Number Were Determined And Compared With The Plain Tube And Plain Tape. The Twisted Tape Having Jag Of Width And Depth (We=10mm,De=8mm) And (We=10mm,De=10mm) Were Used.

Keywords: Heat Transfer, Twist Ratio, Reynolds Number, V-Jagged Twisted Tape.

[1]. Hsieh And Huang , "Experimental Studies For Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop Of Laminar Flow In Horizontal Tubes With/Without Longitudinal Inserts" ,2000.
[2]. S. Naga Sarada1, A.V. Sita Rama Raju1, K. Kalyani Radha2*, L. Shyam Sunder1. Enhancement Of Heat Transfer Using Varying Width Twisted Tape Inserts. International Journal Of Engineering, Science And Technologyvol. 2, No. 6, 2010, Pp. 107-118.
[3]. Chinaruk Thianpong,Etal Heat Transfer And Thermal Performance Characteristics Of Heat Exchanger Tube Fitted With Perforated Twisted-Tapes. Heat Mass Transfer (2012) 48:881–892.
[4]. Bodius Salam, Sumana Biswas And Muhammad Mostafa Kamal Bhuiya. Heat Transfer Enhancement In A Tube Using Twisted Tape Insert. Proceedings Of The 13th Asian Congress Of Fluid Mechanics 17-21 December 2010, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[5]. C. Thianponga, P. Eiamsa-Arda, P. Promvongea, S. Eiamsa-Ardb,* Effect Of Perforated Twisted-Tapes With Parallel Wings On Heat Transfer Enhancement In A Heat Exchanger Tube 2nd International Conference On Advances In Energy Engineering (ICAEE 2011).

Abstract: In the present work the cone-shaped valve at the hot end of existing model is replaced with a hollow cone-shaped valve gives a provision for passage through the inner core. A conical valve is introduced at the orifice, guide the forced vortex yet again to strike back evolve one more forced vortex flow, which escapes through the central core of the hollow cone-shaped valve. Thus the revised vortex tube with two forced vortex flows is named as dual forced flow vortex tube (DFFVT)......

Keywords: Vortex flow, COP, Temperature drop, End obstruction.

[1] Ranque, "Experiments on expansion in a vortex with simultaneous exhaust of hot air and cold air". Le journal de Physique et le Raiuum(paris)pp 112-114(1965) [2] R. Hilsch, The use of the expansion of gases in a centrifugal field as cooling process, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 18 (2) (1947) 108–113. [3] Ahlborn .B,Grooves.S, ".secondary flow in a vortex tube",Fluid dynanmics Res 21(2);pp73-86 (1997; [4] Behera U and Paul PJ (2005) CFD analysis and experimental investigation towards the optimizing the parameter of Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 48, 1961-1973. [5] Aljuwayhel, N. F., Nellis, G. F., Para met ric and In ter nal Study of the Vor tex Tube Us ing CFD Model, Int.J. Re frig er a tion, 28 (2005), 3, pp. 442-450

Abstract: The paper reports on the assessment of the use of bagasse in sugar industry for high pressure cogeneration. Study was done on a sugar mill which has recently adopted this technology. This paper investigates the efficiency of season and off season operation of sugar mill, high pressure cogeneration technology is much more efficient in bagasse to steam ratio. During seasonal operation CHP efficiency is 76.8% and during offseason its value is 29.9%.Project initial cost is high but payback period is low. It will encourage other sugar mills in Pakistan for the development of high pressure co-generation system to meet increasing energy demands in the country.

Keywords: Bagasse Cogeneration, CHP Efficiency, Pakistan, Steam, Sugar Mills.

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan
[2]. http://www.ppib.gov.pk/Co-Generation%20Policy%202008.pdf
http://www.pres.org.pk/2013/3000-mw-electricity-can-be-generated-from-83-sugar-mills/
[3]. Yunus A. C and Michael A. B. (1994).Thermodynamics: an Engineering Approach second Edition; McGraw Hill. New York
[4]. Hugot E. (1986). Handbook of Cane engineering, third edition, Elsevier Science Publishers, New York, April1986
Bagasse-based co-generation at Hippo Valley Estates sugar factory in Zimbabwe, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, Vol 23 No 1, February 2012

Abstract: Cost of electricity and material of the network that consists of a reservoir that gives water to five tanks in different places has reasonable effects by using Newton Raphson methods. In the first design, the cost of electricity was 270936.44$ compare to 293913$ of the second design. Newton Raphson method was used in the first design to get the diameters and the head (the input power). In the second design, the fact of the average velocity of pipe network between (0.899m/s-2.097m/s) was used to get the diameters and the head. Small diameters give less cost of materials but they increase the head which increase the cost of electricity. However, large diameters give high cost of materials but they decrease the head which decreases the cost of electricity.

Keywords : NewtonRphson, network, head, cost, electricity

[1]. Bruce R. Munson ,Donald Young .( 2009 ), Theodore H. Okishi , Wade W. Huebsch , fundamentals of fluid mechanics , Sixth Edition , John Wiley &Sons.INC, United State of America .
[2]. Jaan Kiusalaas .( 2005 ), Numerical methods in engineering with matlab , first edition, Cambridge University, United State of America.
[3]. Philip j. Pritchard , John C. Leylegian (2011) , Introduction to fluid mechanics , Eighth Edition , John Wiley &Sons.INC . United State of America.
[4]. S. R. Otto and J. P. Denier. ( 2005), An Introduction to programming and numerical method in matlab , first edition, Springer verlag London limited, United State of America.
[5]. Yunus A. Cengel , John M. Cimbala.( 2006 ), fluid mechanics fundamentals and applications , first edition, McGraw-Hill, United State of America.

Abstract: Humidity measurement plays a major role in various industries and energy applications. Monitoring and controlling the humidity is of great importance for the reliable operation of various systems. One of the techniques for measuring humidity is the use of absorption capabilities of polymers. Humidity variations change the electrical permittivity of polymers. Therefore, if the polymer is placed between the two plates of a capacitor, the value of the capacitance which can be practically measured becomes a measure for humidity..........

[1]. R.A. McGill, R. Chung, D.B. Chrisey, P.C. Dorsey, P. Matthews, A. Pique, T. Mlsna, and J.L. Stepnowski, "Performance
Optimization of Surface Acoustic Wave Chemical Sensors," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency
Control, vol. 45, no.5, Sep. 1998, 1370-1380.
[2]. S.V. Patel, T.E. Mlsna, B. Fruhberger, E. Klaassen, A. Cemalovic, and D. R. Baselt, "Chemicapacitive microsensors for volatile
organic compound detection," Sensors and Actuators, B. Chemical, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 541-553, Dec 1, 2003.

[3]. J.D. Adams, G. Parrott, C. Bauer, T. Sant, L. Manning, M. Jones, and B. Rogers, "Nanowatt chemical vapor detection with a selfsensing, piezoelectric microcantilever array," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 83, no. 16, Oct. 2003, pp. 3428-3430.
[4]. S. Chatzandroulis, D. Goustouridis, I. Raptis, "Characterization of polymer films for use in bimorph chemical sensors," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 10, 2005, pp. 297-300.

Abstract: Soil stabilization means alteration of the soil properties by the addition of any other material to meet the specified engineering requirements. Methods for the stabilization are compaction and use of admixtures. Use of shredded rubber tyres in geotechnical engineering for enhancing the soil properties has received great attention in the recent times. The aim of the study was to use the waste material for stabilization of soil in order to reduce the environmental impact. Several reinforcement methods are available for stabilizing soils.......

Keywords: Stabilization, Shredded rubber, Unconfined compression test, California Bearing Ratio.

[1] IS: 2720, part VII (1980) (reaffirmed 1997). "Determination of Water Content- Dry Density Relation Using Light Compaction". Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
[2] IS: 2720, part I (1983). "Preparation of Dry Soil Samples for Various Tests". Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
[3] IS: 2720, part XVI (1987). "Laboratory Determination of California Bearing Ratio (CBR)". Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[4] IS: 2720, part X (1991). "Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength". Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[5] Ayothiraman,R., Abilash Kumar Meena.,(2011)," Improvement of Subgrade Soil with Shredded Waste Tyre Chips", Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, Kochi, Paper No H –003,pp.365–368.

Abstract: Present Paper, Conductive Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) And Carbon Nano Fiber (CNF) Has Been Dispersed Between Nonconductive E Glass Fiber Sheets. MWCNT And CNF Mix With Epoxy Resin By Sonication Process And Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding (VRTM) Method Is Used For Fabrication Of Glass Fiber Sheet Polymer (GFRP). Equal Amount (50:50) Of MWCNT And CNF Has Been Mixed Together; 0.05 Wt. %, 0.1 Wt. %, And 0.5 Wt. % Used In This Paper......

Keywords: MWCNT, CNF, GFRP And Electrical Resistance

[1] Khalid R. Al-Rawi, Adawiya J. Hedar, Olfat A. Mahmood Effect Of Different Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes MWCNTS Type
On Mechanical Properties Of Epoxy Resin Nano Composites. International Journal Of Application Or Innovation In Engineering
And Management. Vol 3, August 2014.
[2] Inpil Kang, Yun Yeo Heong, Jay H. Kim, Jong Won Lee, Ramanand Gollapudi, Srinivas Subramnian, Suhasini Narasimhadevara,
Douglas Hurd, Goutham R. Kirikera, Vesselin Shanov, Mark J. Schulz, Donglu Shi, Jim Boerio, Shankar Mall, Marina
Ruggles-Wren Introduction To Carbon Nanotube And Nano Fiber Smart Materials. Elesiver (Composite), Part B 37, 2006,
382-394.
[3] A. Martone, C. Formicola, F. Piscitelli, M. Lavorgna, M. Zarrelli, V. Antonucci, M. Giordano Thermo Mechanical Characterization
Of Epoxy Nano Composite With Different Carbon Nanotube Distribution Obtained By Solvent Aided And Direct Mixing. E Xpress
Polymer Letter, Vol. 6, 2012, NO. 7, 520-53
[4] Pilar Cortes, Iria Fraga, Yolanda Calventus, Frida Roman, Johan M. Hutchison, Francesc Ferrando. A New Epoxy Based Layered
Silicate Nano Composite Using A Hyper Branched Polymer: Study Of The Curing Reaction And Nano Structure Development.
Materials, 7, 2014, 1840-1849.

Abstract: In this study, experimental and theoretical results carried out on a cantilever hollow operating shaft, in order to determine the natural frequency of hollow operating shaft and in experimentally aims to provide a non-contact electromagnetic impulse. In this experimental work, to creating impulse on a hollow operating shaft electromagnet was use. To analyze time domain signal of static hollow shaft with an impulse effect, in order to measure natural frequency of hollow shaft. To analyze time domain signal of a hollow operating shaft without an impulse effect, in order to measure natural frequency of hollow shaft......

Keywords: Eddy current proximity probe, Electromagnet, NV Gate software, S-Type load cell.

[1] Surendra N. Ganeriwal (Suri), Brian Schwarz and Mark H. Richardson "Using Operational Deflection Shapes to Detect Unbalance in Rotating Equipment" Sound and Vibration, May 2009. [2] Zhunag li, Surendra N. Ganeriwal and Mark h. Richardson "Using Operational Deflection Shapes to Detect Unbalance in Rotating Equipment" Proceeding of International Modal Analysis Conference (XXVI), February, 2008. [3] M. XU and R. D. Marangoni, "Vibration analysis of a motor-flexible coupling-rotor system subject To misalignment and unbalance, part I: theoretical model and analysis, Part II: experimental Validation", Journal of Sound and Vibration 176 (5), 681-691 (1994). [4] G. K. Grover and S. P. Nigam "Mechanical vibrations" Seventh edition, 2001. [5] NV Gate project view for OROS instant report to measuring noise and vibration, June 29, 2012.

Abstract: Planetary Gear Trains Are Generally Used For Automatic Transmission, Overdrives, And Final Drives. Most Occurred Problems In Using The Gearbox Is The General Gear Failure Problem Due To The Wear And Tear Of The Gears While Rotating And The Vibrations Produced While Transmission. This Problem Occurs In Most Gearboxes But In Case Of The Planetary Gearbox These Problem Can't Be Found Out Before Failure Due To The Complex Shape Of Planetary Gearbox........

Keywords: Dynamic Analysis, DEWE-43, Epicyclic Gear Train, Panopticnode J-Logger, Load Sharing

[1] X. Gu, P. Velex, On The Dynamic Simulation Of Eccentricity Errors In Planetary Gears, Mechanisms And Machine Theory, 61,
2013, 14–29.
[2] S. J. Tsai, G. L. Hwang, S. Y. Yeh, An Analytical Approach For Load Sharing Analysis Of Planetary Gear Drives, 13th World
Congress In Mechanism And Machine Science, 2011, 1-8.
[3] Kahraman, A., Load Sharing Characteristics Of Planetary Transmissions, Mechanisms And Machine Theory, 29, 1994. 1151–1165
[4] Saada, A., Velex, P., An Extended Model For The Analysis Of The Dynamic Behavior Of Planetary Trains, Transaction Of ASME,
Journal Of Mechanical Design, 117, 1995, 241–247.

Abstract: In This Paper, A Simplified Analytical Model Has Been Proposed To Compute Local Stresses Of The Loaded Anchor For Externally Prestressed, In The Proposed Technique, Steel Anchors Are Provided On Either Side Of The Concrete Beam For Transferring External Prestressing Force And These Are Connected To The Anchor Blocks By Four Bolts, And To Avoid The Problem Of Sliding That Occurs Between The Anchor Plate And Side Surface Of The Concrete Beam, Used A New Technique By Using Structural Adhesive Material With A Layer Of Sand To Increase Friction Between The Contact Surface.......

Keywords: Anchor Bolt; Strengthening; External Prestressing; Finite Element; Nonlinear; Stress.

............................

Abstract: In this paper, the Acacia tortilis Gum, extracted from west of Kurdofan (in western Sudan), is used in concrete mixes after crushing to be in a form of powder .In this study , the use of Acacia tortilis Gum after it proved not to fit for use within the food, where it was became a grinding gum in the form of powder and then added in different proportions of the weight of the amount of cement in concrete mixes at ratio 0.25% ,0.5 % and 1.0 % of cement content .Four concrete mixes were prepared: one as a control mix, three with Acacia tortilis Gum........

Keywords: Acacia tortilis Gum, Kurdofan (western Sudan), concrete, compressive strength, workability

[1] Neville,A.M 2008,'Concrete technology', 2nd edn,Longman group UK limited,.
[2] Neville, A.M 2004,'Properties of concrete', 4th edn, Longman group UK limited.
[3] Newman,J &Choo, B.C 2003, 'Advanced Concrete Technology', Elsevier Ltd.
[4] Popovics, S 1992,'Concrete Materials: Properties, Specification and Testing ', 2nd edn, Noyes publication.
[5] Krishnaswami, B.N 2009,'Concrete mix design', Technical meeting.

Abstract: Casting defects reduces the total output of castings. It is essential to understand the causes behind these defects. This paper discusses the research carried out in the foundry to control the increased rejection. The component under study is 3 cylinder metric block. The dimensional variations in casting wall thickness are analyzed as major defect contributing in rejection. Quality control tools such as Pareto analysis, cause and effect diagram, why-why analysis, are used for analysis of casting defects.......

Keywords: Casting Defects, Pareto Analysis, Cause and Effect Diagram, Quality Improvement, Quality Control Tools, Process Mapping.

[1] Chaudhari S., Thakkar H., "Review on analysis of foundry defects for quality improvement of sand casting", Int. journal of engg.
research and applications, Vol.4, Issue 3, 2014, 615-618.
[2] Jadhav B.R., Jadhav S.J., "Investigation and analysis of cold shut casting defect and defect reduction by using 7 quality control
tools", Int. Journal of advanced engg. And research studies, 2013, 28-30.
[3] Joshi A., Jugulkar L.M., "Investigation and analysis of metal casting defects and defects reduction by using quality control tools",
Int. journal of mechanical and production engg. Vol.2, Issue 4, 2014, 87-92.
[4] Kinagi P., Mench R.G., "A development of quality in casting by minimizing defects", Int. journal of recent research in civil and
mechanical engg., Vol.1, Issue 1, 31-36.
[5] Kaskhedikar K., Katore H.V., "improvement of quality and productivity in casting industries", Mechanica confab, Vol. 2, No.3,
2013.

Abstract: In This Paper An Effort Has Been Made To Address The Issue Of Space Junk, By Making Use Of The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles That Can Fly In The Stratosphere At High Altitude And Low Reynolds's Number. The Main Aim Of This Work Is To Suggest The Use Multi Element Airfoil In The Wings Of An UAV Over The Single Airfoil Of The Wing In Order To Increase Its Efficiency In The Work Environment Of The Stratosphere. After Addressing The Problem On Computational Tools I.E. ANSYS And CATIA, It Has Been Found That Multi Element Significantly Increases The Maximum Lift Coefficient (Clmax)........

Keywords: Ansys, CATIA, Multi-Element Airfoil, UAV.

[1] A. M. O. Smith, High-Lift Aerodynamics, 37th Wright Brothers Lecture, J. AIRCRAFT, JUNE 1975, Mcdonnell Douglas
Corporation, Long Beach, Calif.
[2] C.P. Van Dam, The Aerodynamic Design Of Multi-Element High-Lift Systems For Transport Airplanes, Progress In Aerospace
Sciences 38 (2002) 101–144
[3] Michael S. Selig And James J. Guglielmo, High-Lift Low Reynolds Number Airfoil Design, JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT, Vol. 34,
No. 1, January February 1997.
[4] Michael S. Selig, Low Reynolds Number Airfoil Design Lecture Notes, Department Of Aerospace Engineering, University Of
Illinois At Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA Www.Airfoiltools.Com.

Abstract: When it comes to civil engineering, concrete is an inevitable building material. As we all know, concrete is good in compression but weaker under tensile forces, there is a need of concrete composites with better tensile strength. Also with the increasing global warming and pollution, need of the present world is environment friendly natural additives to cast concrete so as to minimize the pollution effect. Among natural fibres, coir fibre has maximum amount of lignin giving maximum tensile strength as well as are durable in
nature. This paper presents an experimental study of coir fibre reinforced concrete and its strength comparison with plain cement concrete.........

Keywords: Coir fibre, CFRC, Plain cement concrete (PCC), IS 10262: 1982, Compressive strength, Splitting tensile strength, Flexural strength

[1]. Anoopsingh Chandel et. al. (2016),"A conspectus on serviceability of coir fibre in civil engineering" Volume 6, Issue 1, IJSRP 2016.
[2]. Majid Ali et. al. (2012),"Mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fibre reinforced concrete" Building and construction
materials 30 (2012).
[3]. Mohammad Hashim (2005). "Coconut Fiber Reinforced Wall Panelling System" Thesis Master of Engineering (Civil-Structure),
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Technology- Malaysia.
[4]. Munawar S.S. et. al. (2007),"Characterization of the morphological, physical and mechanical properties of seven non-wood plant
fibre bundles" Journal of Wood Science, 53(2), pp.108-113.
[5]. Paramasivam P., Nathan G. K., and Das Gupta N. C. (1984). "Coconut fibre reinforced corrugated slabs." International Journal
of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, 6(1), 19-27.

Abstract: The concept of using phytoremediation to treat wastewater has received a good recognition. Release of untreated domestic wastewater into the environment has negative influence on the environment. Phytoremediation (using aquatic plants) has good efficiency in removing pollutants in domestic effluents. It is economically beneficial, environment friendly and no energy is required in this treatment process. The main objective of this study was to determine the nutrient (nitrogen and phosphate) removal efficiency of water
lettuce from sewage.........

Keywords: Nutrients, Sewage, treatment, Water lettuce.

[1]. Devendra Kumar Patel and Kanungo.V.K., Treatment of domestic wastewater by potential application of a submerged aquatic plant
hydrilla verticillata Casp, Recent Research in Science & Technology., 4(10), 2012, 56-61.
[2]. Thongchai Kanabkaew and Udomphon Puetpaiboon. , Aquatic plants for domestic wastewater treatment : Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera)
and Hydrilla (Hydilla verticillata) systems. Songklanakarin J.Sci. Technologies., 26(5),2004, 749-756.
[3]. Esi Awuah, M. Oppong-Peprah, H. J. Lubberding and H. J. Gijzen, Comparative performance studies of water lettuce, duckweed,
and algal-based stabilization ponds using low-strength sewage, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,
67,20041727–1739.
[4]. Masahiro Tani, Ayako Sawada and Takashi Oyabu, Ability Of Water Lilies To Purify Water Polluted By Soap And Their
Application In Domestic Sewage Disposal Facilities, Sensors and materials, Vol 18, No.2 (2006) 091-101.
[5]. K.R.Reddy and T.A. DeBusk, State-of-the-art utilization of aquatic plants in water pollution control, Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.19, No.10
1987, pp61-79.

Abstract: In metal cutting, heat generated on the cutting tool tip is important for the performance of the tool and quality of the finished product. The effect of the cutting temperature, particularly when it is high, is mostly detrimental to both tool and work piece. The machining and tool life can be improved by the knowledge of cutting temperature on the tool tip. In this mini project we are evaluating the variation of different parameters on cutting temperature..........

Keywords:Cutting tool, Depth, Feed rate, Machining, Parameters, Speed, Thermocouple

[1]. L. B. Abhang, M. Hameedullah,'Chip-Tool Interface Temperature Prediction Model for Turning Process', International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2(4), 2010, 382-393.
[2]. Sushil D. Ghodam, 'Temperature Measurement of A Cutting Tool in Turning Process By Using Tool Work Thermocouple', International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3(4), 2014, 831-835.
[3]. Ajay Goyal, Rajesh Sharma, Shailendra Kumar, Suresh Dhiman. 'A Study of Experimental Temperature Measuring Techniques used in Metal Cutting', Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 8(2), 2014, 82-93
[4]. E. Ares, F. Lopez, G. Pelaez, J. Yanes, M. Cotterell, P. Hernandez, 'Temperature and Strain Measurement During Chip Formation in Orthogonal Cutting Conditions', A tutorial review: Proc. 5th Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference, 2013

Abstract: The main aim of proposing this project idea is to achieve low temp air at 20°C to 22°C in less electricity consumption as well as in less cost compared to air conditioner In this report the Chapter 1 is the introduction of complete project idea. The explanation of the reason of proposing this idea and why it is effective compared to other heat exchangers. All the literature pertaining to the field of RAC in any form like books, papers and websites were which were skimmed through the course of this project finds a mention in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3 there is a full description of complete project..........

[1]. ISHRAE Handbook
[2]. R. S. Khurmi and J. K. Gupta, "Refrigeration and Air Conditioner" , Eurasia Publishing House Ltd., New Delhi
Journal:
[3]. International journal of scientific and research publication, volume 4, issue 11, Nov. 2014 ISSN 2250-3153
[4]. Operational parametric study of Tesla Pump: Disc pack spacing and rotational speed, Conference Paper July 2015

Abstract: In this paper we determine the natural frequency of highest speed milling spindle for length 335.4mm and 16000 rpm speed based on modal analysis. This paper taking the high speed milling spimdle of M.S. bar which is derived and presented by using finite element model in ansys software.This model takes into account bearing support contact interface , which is established by spring damper element COMBIN 14 for giving cushioning effect to spindle.Furthermore, the modal analysis has done by means of Ansys commercial software..........

Keywords: Milling Spindle, Finite Element analysis, FFT analyzer,ANSYS.

[1] Z.C. Lin, and J.S. Chang, "The building of spindle thermaldisplacement model of high speed machine center", Int. J. Adv.Manuf. Technol., vol. 34, pp. 556-566, Sept. 2007
[2] E. Abele, Y. Altintas, and C. Brecher, "Machine tool spindleunits", CIRP Annals – Manuf. Technol., vol. 59, pp. 781-802, 2010.
[3] C. Li, Y. Ding, and B. Lu, "Development and Key Technology inHigh Speed Cutting", J. Qingdao Technol. Univ., vol. 30, pp. 7-16,Feb. 2009.
[4] W. Li, H. Pu, Q. Liu, G. Chen, and S. Zhang, "ANSYS-Baseddynamic analysis of high-speed motorized spindle", Int. Conf.Comput. Eng. Technol., 2009, pp. 336-340
[5] J. K. Choi, and D. G. Lee, "Characteristics of a spindle bearingsystem with a gear located on the bearing span". Int. J. Mech. Tool.Manuf. Pergamon, vol. 37, pp. 171-173, Aug. 1997.