iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2016

Abstract: In The Cities Of Densely Populated Countries Like India Road Accidents And Traffic Congestion Problem Are Very Common. The Mobility Needs Of Pune Are Mainly Accounted For By Road Mode And As A Consequence Traffic Density On Road Is Increasing Day By Day. Several Measures Are Being Taken To Address The Problem By Constructing Flyovers, By Pass Road And Creating Ring Road. On The Road Network Of Pune, Majority Of Intersections Are Signalised To Achieve Safe Movement Of Large Traffic Volume........

Key words: Bottlenecks, Delay, Dilemma Zone, Saturation Flow.

[1] Fukui, M. , Ishibashi, Y., Traffic Flow In 1d Cellular Automa- 392 Ton Model Including Cars Moving With High Speed, Journal Of The Physical Society Of Japan, 65(6), 1996, 1868-1870.
[2] Y. Lee, Z. Li, S. Zhang, A. M. Roshandeh, H. Patel, Y. Liu, Safety Impacts Of Red Light Running Photo Enforcement At Urban Signalized Intersections, Journal Of Traffic And Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 1(5), 2014, 309-324.
[3] S. Yuan, X. Zhao, Y. An, Identification And Optimization Of Traffic Bottleneck With Signal Timing, Journal Of Traffic And Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 1(5), 2014, 353-361.
[4] Y. Zhang, C. Fu, L. Hu, Yellow Light Dilemma Zone Researches: A Review, Journal Of Traffic And Transportation Engineering, 1(5), 2014, 338-352.
[5] Maryland State Highway Administration (Mdsha). Maryland Traffic Safety, 2003.

Abstract: This project is about designing and analyzing a Knee Airbag that can be employed in passenger cars to safe occupants during a vehicle frontal crash. Several fatalities and injuries are occurred every year due to vehicle accidents. Out of several different directions of crashes front impact is very dangerous and common. In the frontal impact passenger vehicle hits to any other object. In this event velocity of vehicle abruptly reduces by zero within very short period of time.........

Key words: Knee Injury, Airbag, Crash Dummy, Hypermesh, LS-Dyna.

[1] Patrick Borde, "Pyrotechnic Knee bolster Development and Its Contribution to Car Drivers Safety", SAE2001-01-1049.
[2] Lisa Shoaf Ore and C. Brian Tanner et al, "Accident Investigation and Impairment Study of Lower Extremity Injury", SAE930096.
[3] Mark R. Sochor, Daniel D F Wang et al, "Knee, Thigh and Hip Injury Patterns Drivers and Right Front Passengers in Frontal Impacts", SAE2003-01-0164
[4] Raj S. Roy Choudhury, James K. Conlee et al, "Blow-Molded Plastic Active Knee Bolster", SAE2004-01-0844.
[5] Zhang H. et al. Integrated Optimization System for Airbag Design and Modelling by Finite Element Analysis. Society of Automotive Engineers World C

Abstract: In view of depletion of the conventional energy resources like coal, petroleum etc., it is necessary to utilize renewable energy resources to meet the world energy demand. There is a need to develop more strategies for trapping of these non-conventional energy sources. Out of these resources one of the best and effective sources of energy is the solar energy. In India many solar devices are developed and in particular, solar water heating systems with flat plate collector are extensively being used in commercial as well as domestic areas. The usage of solar water heating system is high in seasons other than summer.........

Key words: Flat plate collector, solar heating system, Vapour absorption refrigeration, COP, Ammonia-water, Low cost

[1]. J. C. V. Chinnappa, "Experimental study of the intermittent Vapour absorption refrigeration cycle employing the refrigerant-absorbent systems of ammonia water and ammonia lithium nitrate", Solar Energy, vol.5, No.1, pp. 1-18, 1961.
[2]. K. P. Tyagi, "Comparison of binary mixtures for Vapour absorption refrigeration systems", Journal of Heat Recovery Systems, vol. 3, No.5, pp. 421-429, 1983.
[3]. S. C. Kaushik and R. Kumar, "Thermodynamic study of a two-stage Vapour absorption refrigeration system using NH3 refrigerant with liquid/solid absorbents", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 25, No. 4 , pp. 427-431, 1985.
[4]. Saghiruddin and M. AltamushSiddiqui, "Economic analyses and performance study of three ammonia-absorption cycles using heat recovery absorber", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 421-432, 1996.
[5]. Alfred Erhard and Erich Hahne, "Test and simulation of a solar-powered absorption cooling machine", Energy. Vol. 59, No. 4-6, pp. 155-162, 1997

Abstract: Lubrication is the process or technique used to reduce friction between surfaces coming in contact and relative to each other, by interposing a substance called a lubricant between them. Metalworking fluids (MWF) are known to provide many benefits to ensure that metal parts can be machined in a cost-effective manner. The positive features of metalworking fluids have long been established and include friction reduction, cooling, corrosion protection, welding protection from the tool to the workpiece and the washing away of metal chips. In the continuous quest for reducing the use of coolants in machining, only one process can offer a near-term solution for practical applications........

Key words: Aerosol, lubrication, Metal working fluids, MQL moving

[1]. Wu, C.H., Chien, C.H., (2007) Influence of lubrication type and process conditions on milling performance. Proc Inst Mech Eng Pt B: J Eng Manuf 221: 835–843
[2]. Ueda T, Nozaki R, Hosokawa A (2007) Temperature measurement of cutting edge in drilling – effect of oil mist. Ann CIRP STC C 56(1): 93–96
[3]. Khan MMA, Dhar NR (2006) Performance evaluation of minimum quantity lubrication by vegetable oil in terms of cutting force, cutting zone temperature, tool wear, job dimension and surface finish in turning AISI-1060 steel. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 7(11): 1790–1799
[4]. Kuan-Ming Li K-M, Liang SY (2007) Modeling of cutting forces in near dry machining under tool wear effect. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 47(7–8): 1292–1301
[5]. Dhar NR, Islam S, Kamruzzaman M (2007) Effect of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on tool wear, surface roughness and dimensional deviation in turning AISI- 4340 steel. GU J Sci 20(2): 23–32

Abstract: Today's Energy Hungry World is consuming non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels at alarming rates, which has increased the importance of developing renewable energy sources. Biomass is one such source of renewable energy which is abundantly available in India in the form of industrial and agricultural by-products. In this project we aim to contribute in a small way to this changing face of sustainable energy resources by designing and fabricating a downdraft gasifier using two sources of biomass viz. rice husk and wood pellets. The syn-gas subsequently produced would be used to run an I.C. Engine and a performance analysis would be conducted.

[1]. Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems a Solar Technical Information Program by U.S. Department of Energy.
[2]. Wood Gas as Engine Fuel – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
[3]. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering-Paper on Design and Development of Downdraft Gasifier- Paper No – ISSN 2319-2240.
[4]. A thesis on Design and Development of downdraft Gasifier for operating C.I. Engine on dual fuel mode- National Institute of Technology Rourkela.

Abstract: he present work is carried out on modeling, analysis of suspension spring is to replace the existed steel helical spring used in popular two wheeler vehicle. The stress and deflections of the helical spring is going to be reduced by using the new material. The comparative study is carried out between existed spring and new material spring. Static analysis determines the stress and deflections of the helical compression spring in analytical as well as finite element analysis.........

Key words: Helical spring, Finite Element Analysis, New Material, Static Analysis

[1]. Ashby, M. F., Materials Selection In Mechanical Design,(2nd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,)Woburn, UK, 2002.
[2]. "Finite Element Analysis Of Helical Coil Compression Spring For Three Wheeler Automotive Front Suspension", Tausif M. Mulla1, Sunil J. Kadam2, Vaibhav S. Kengar3 (Ijmie) Issn No. 2231 –6477, Vol-2, Iss-3, 2012.
[3]. Art Of Fatigue Analysis Of Helical Compression Spring Used In Two-Wheeler Horn International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering And Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013) © IAEME.
[4]. Chapter 22 / Materials Selection And Design Considerations.
[5]. Investigation Of Probable Failure Position In Helical Compression Springs Used In Fuel Injection System Of Diesel Engines", Brita Pyttel,K K Ray2, Isabell Brunner3, Abhishek Tiwari4, S. A. Kaoua5.

Abstract: The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. Repetitive braking of the vehicle leads to heat generation during each braking event. Transient Thermal and Structural Analysis of the Rotor Disc of Disk Brake is aimed at evaluating the performance of disc brake rotor of a car under severe braking conditions and there by assist in disc rotor design and analysis. Design of Disc brake model is carried out by using solid works and analysis work is carried by using ANSYS. The main purpose of this study is to analysis the thermo mechanical behavior of the dry contact of the brake disc during the braking phase. Design & analysis is performed for determining the total heat flux which is caused by using different materials which will reduce thermal loss.

Keywords: Ansys, Braking, Disc break rotor, Total Heat Flux , Transient Thermal, Rotation

[1]. Kennedy, F. E., Colin, F. Floquet, A. And Glovsky, R. Improved Techniques for Finite Element Analysis of Sliding Surface Temperatures.Westbury House page 138-150, (1984).
[2]. Lin, J. -Y. And Chen, H. -T. Radial Axis symmetric Transient Heat Conduction in Composite Hollow Cylinders with Variable Thermal Conductivity, vol. 10, page 2- 33, (1992).
[3]. BRILLA, J. Laplace Transform and New Mathematical Theory of Visco elasticity, vol. 32, page 187- 195, (1997).
[4]. Tsinopoulos, S. V, Agnantiaris, J. P. And Polyzos, D. An Advanced Boundary Element/Fast Fourier Transform Axis symmetric Formulation for Acoustic Radiation and Wave Scattering Problems, J.Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol 105, page 1517-1526, (1999).

Abstract: Each node in a supply chain is a strategic link. The strong links make strong supply chains while the weak links hurt every member of the chain. There is an emerging need to focus on the performance of extended supply chain network in which the industry is a partner. The network gets strengthened with the legality and transparency in the quota distribution. As long as the quota distribution system remains unbiased the supply chain network achieves better results. In the present paper, application of linear goal programming has been investigated to analyze the authenticity of the quota distribution using LINDO software.

Keywords: linear goal programming, quota distribution, supply chain, LINDO Software.

[1]. Cox A. (1999) "Power, Value and Supply Chain Management." - Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol 4, p192
[2]. Wind, Y., Robinson, P.J., (1968). "The determinants of merchant assortment: the evaluation function approach". Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 29–41.
[3]. Cooper, S.D.,(1977). "A total system for measuring of performance". Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 22–26.
[4]. Krause, D. R., Pagell, M. &Curkovic, S. (2001). "Toward a measure of competitive priorities for purchasing". Journal of Operations Management, 19(4): 497-512.
[5]. Lambert, D. M., Adams, R. J. &Emmelhainz, M. A. (1997). "Provider assortment criteria in the healthcare industry: A comparison of importance and performance". International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 33(1): 16-22.

Abstract: Accurate determination of required pump capacity and storage tank size are one of the important parameters that cannot be over emphasized in water supply project design. In this paper, a computer software is developed for determining pump capacity and storage tank size that can make water readily available to the users as at when due taking into account effective water distribution scheme. The software was developed using C# dot NET (C Sharp dot NET) programming language.........

Key words: C# dot NET, Pump capacity, Storage tank size, Total population.

[1]. Graf, J.; Zebaze Togouet, S.; Kemka, N.; Niyitegeka, D.; Meierhofer, R. and Gangoue Pieboji, J. Health gain form solar water disinfection: Evaluation of a water quality intervention in Yaounde, Cameroon. Journal of Water and Health 8(4), 2010. pp779-796.
[2]. Enger, K.S.; Nelson, K.L.; Clasen, T.; Rose, J.B. and Eisenberg, J.N.S. 2012. Linking quantitative microbial risk assessment and epidemiological data: Informing safe drinking water trials in developing countries. Environmental Science and Technology 46(9), 2012 pp. 5160 – 5167.
[3]. Brown, R.; Farrelly, M. and Keath, N. Practitioner perceptions of social and institutional barriers to advancing a diverse water source approach in Australia. Water Resources Development, 25 (1), 2009 pp. 15-28
[4]. Ngai, T.K.K. and Fenner, R.A. Designing programme implementation strategies to increase the adoption and use of biosand water filters in rural India. Water Alternatives 7(2), 2014 pp. 320-341
[5]. Guerquin, F., Ahmed, T., Hua, M, Ikeda, T., Ozbilen, V., Schuttelaar, M. World Water actions. Making Water Flow for All. Earthscan Publications, UK , 2.003

Abstract: Aluminium alloys are alloys in which aluminium is the predominant metal. TIG welding process is used to analyzed the data and evaluate the influence of input parameters on tensile strength and hardness of aluminium specimen .Welding current, gas flow rate and welding speed are the input parameters which affect output responses of aluminium welded joints .7005 AL alloy are alloy are alloyed with zinc and have highest strength of any easy weldable aluminium alloy.........

Key words: Aluminium alloy 7005, hardness, Minitab 14 software.TIG welding, Taguchi method, tensile strength.

[1]. Indira Rani, M., & Marpu, R. N. (2012). Effect of pulsed current TIG welding parameters on mechanical properties of j-joint strength of aa6351. The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES), 1(1), vol-1-5.
[2]. ZHANG Guang-jun, YAN Zhi-hong, WU Lin (2005). Visual sensing of weld pool in variable polarity TIG welding of aluminium alloy.Journals of Science Direct (SP), 522-526.
[3]. Hong-tao ZHANG, Ji-hou LIU, Ji-cai FENG, (2014). Effect of auxiliary TIG arc on formation and microstructures of aluminum alloy/stainless steel joints made by MIG welding−brazing process. Journals of Science Direct (SP), 2831-2838.
[4]. CHEN Yan-bin, MIAO Yu, (2008). Joint performance of laser-TIG double-side welded 5A06. Journals of Science Direct (SP), 26-31.
[5]. Wang Xi-he, Niu Ji-tai, Guan Shao-kang, Wang Le-jun, Cheng Dong feng,(2009). Investigation on TIG welding of SiCp-reinforced aluminum–matrix composite using mixed shielding gas and Al–Si filler. Journals of material science and engineering, A499, 106-110.

Abstract: This study investigated the formulation of neem seed and jatropha seed oil using antimonydialkyldithiocarbohate(ADTC) additives.Two different oil formulations were tested in the Four-ball tribometer to compare the lubricity performance between the two oil, wear tests with sliding speed of 0.45 m/s (1200 rpm) with time of 1 hour 10 secondsand normal loads of 392Nat oil bath temperature of 75ºC was chosen to investigate the lubricant behavior under contact pressures.........

Key words: ADTCadditives ,neem seed,J.curcas, formulation,four-ball teste.,

[1]. ASTM. 2010. ASTM D4172 Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid (Four- Ball Method), ASTM International. West Conshohocken, pp. 5.
[2]. Baumgart, P., Canzi, G., Hanashiro, T., Doezema, L.A., Siniawski, M.T. 2010. Influence of fatty acid additives on the tribological performance of sunflower oil. Lubrication Science, 22(9), 393-403. ReferencesBart, J. C., Cavallaro, S., &Gucciardi, E. (2012).Biolubricants: Science and technology. Elsevier.
[3]. Chen, Y. H., Chen, J. H., Luo, Y. M., Shang, N. C., Chang, C. H., Chang, C. Y., ... &Shie, J. L. (2011). Property modification of jatropha oil biodiesel by blending with other biodiesels or adding antioxidants.Energy, 36(7), 4415-4421.
[4]. Jung, H. W., Kim, S. G., & Chung, C. S. (2004). Measuring software product quality: A survey of ISO/IEC 9126. IEEE software, (5), 88-92.

Abstract: Bicycles continue to be the principal mode of transport for the low and middle income families. This is because the bicycle is both environment and people friendly. India is the largest producer of bicycles next only to China. It produces around 1.26 crore bicycles every year. Considering the rising fuels cost and pollution, the bikes are considered ideal........

Key words: Mountain bike frame, Finite element analysis, Frame building material tube geometry.

[1]. Wu Chia-Chin, (2013), Static and dynamic analyses of mountain bikesand their riders.PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, UK, 2013.
[2]. Arola D, Reinhall PG, Jenkins MG, Iverson SC. 1999. An experimental analysis of a hybrid bicycle frame. Exp Tech. May/June: 21–24. [3]. DerekCovill and Steven Begg, 2014, parametric finite element analysis of bicycle frames geometries, a School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
[4]. J. Enright. Simulation of Mountain Bike Dynamics. Industrial Project Report,
[5]. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK, 2007.

Abstract: For cutting edge aviation and automobile applications aluminium nano metal framework composites (NMMC's) are progressively turning out to be more appealing in light of the fact that their properties can be improved through the expansion of chose reinforcements. Because of their great particular quality and particular solidness at room or lifted temperatures particulate strengthened NMMC's have as of late discovered exceptional interest.........

Key words: Aluminium Alloy, Al2O3 nan-particle, nanocomposite, powder metallurgy, stir casting

[1]. M.K.Surappa, Aluminium Matrix composite: challenges & opportunities, In: Sadhana, 28:1-2(2003), 319-334.
[2]. Dinesh Kumar Koli, GeetaAgnihotri, Rajesh Purohit, Procedia Materials Science 6 (2014), 567-589.
[3]. BhargaviRebba, N.Ramanaiah, Studies on Mechanical Properties of 2024 Al-B4C Composites, Advanced Materials Manufacturing &Characterization, 4 (2014) 42-46.
[4]. M.K.Akbari, H.R.Baharvandi, O.Mirzaee, Nano sized aluminium oxide reinforced commercial casting A356 alloy matrix: Evaluation ofhardness, wear resistance and compressive strength focusing on particle distribution in aluminium matrix, J. Composites part B, 52 (2013) 52 262-268.
[5]. M.K.Akbari, H.R.Baharvandi, O.Mirzaee, Fabrication of nano sized Al2O3 reinforced casting aluminium composites focusing on preparationprocess of reinforcement powders and evaluation of its properties, J. Composites part B 55 (2013) 426-432.

Abstract: The Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP) Fuel Manual (Version 1.0, 01 April 2008) states, "The transfer of fuel oils from resupply vessels to shore based storage facilities, and between individual storage facilities on stations or bases, are potentially hazardous operations." Fuel transported to Antarctic stations by ships and tankers is stored in tanks on the Antarctic continent or islands. Pumping of the fuel from such vessels to stations takes place through rubber pipes, which may not always be secure. Thus, fuel may leak onto ice, onto land, or into the sea (Figs. 1, 2). When the distance between the fuel tanks and vessel delivering....

[1]. COMNAP Fuel Manual V1.0 01- April-2008. The latest version of this manual can be found online at www.comnap.aq

Abstract: Air filter system play major role in getting good quality air into automobile engine. It improves the combustion efficiency and also reduces air pollution. Our project focuses on optimizing the geometry of an Air filter in automobile industry to reduce the pressure drop and enhance the filter utilization area. 3D viscous CFD analysis was carried out for an existing model to understand the flow behavior through the air filter geometry.........

Key words: Air filter, Baffle plates, Solid works, CFD, ICEM, SIMPLE etc.

[1]. Michael J. Matteson, Filtration: P~ciplean d Practice. Marcel Dekker Inc. NewYork, 1987.
[2]. Yammoto, Y., US Patent Number 5,368,635, Nov. 29, 1994.
[3]. Gary O. Nelson, Werner Bergman and Arthur H. Biermann. Enhancement of air filtration using electric fields. Am. Ind. Assoc. J, (39), 1978.
[4]. Richard D.Riven. Non-Ionizing Electrostatic Air Filters. ASHRAE Semiannual Meetin, St. Louis. 1962.
[5]. Kraemer, H.F. and Johnstone. H.F., Collection of Aer~soiP articles in Presence of Electrostatic Fields. Industrial and Engineering Chemislry. 47. pp2426. 1955.

Abstract: The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is known as a large scale power plant. This technology is applicable in desert areas, where solar radiation is good.Using a larger solar collector diameter, a greater volume of air is warmed to flow up in a higher chimney.This paper is directed to evaluate the performance of SCPP. A mathematical model was developed to estimate the following parameters: power output, pressure drop across the turbine, the max chimney height, airflow temperature & velocity, and the overall efficiency..........

Key words: Solar energy, solar collectors, solar chimney, wind turbines.

[1] X.Zhou, F.Wang,R.M.Ochieng, A review of solar chimney power technology, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,14, 2010,
2315–2338.
[2] Y.J.Dai, H.B.Huang,R.Z. Wang, Case study of solar chimney power plants in Northwestern regions of China,Renewable Energy
28,2003, 1295–1304.
[3] R.D. Rugescu, Solar Energy(INTECH, Croatia, 2010)..
[4] C.D.Papageorgiou,Floating Solar Chimney Technology,National Technical University of Athens, Greece,2010.
[5] RE.Lucier,Apparatus for converting solar to electrical energy,US. Patent, 1979.

Abstract: The solar chimney power plant without collector is a large-scale solar power plant proposed for future applications. It is so called energy towers power plant (ETPP). Its working principle is based on cooling of large masses of hot and dry air resulting in downdraft within a large chimney used to drive wind turbines for electricity generation. So, it is effectively applicable in hot and dry weather.This paper is directed to evaluate the performance of ETPPs..........

Key words: Renewable energy, Energy tower power plant(ETPP), wind turbines.

[1]. R.D. Rugescu, Solar Energy (INTECH, Croatia, 2010
[2]. T.Altman, D.Zaslavsky, R.Guetta and G. Czisch,Evaluation of the potential of electricity and desalinated water supply by using
[3]. technology of "Energy Towers" for Australia and America, INTERIM REPORT, 2005.
[4]. Vertical Motion and Atmospheric Stability, lesson4, google.com
[5]. A.Talia, R. Guetta, D.Zaslavsky and G.Czisch,Estimating the potential of "Energy Towers" in a GIS environment,INTERIM
[6]. REPORT, 2002.