iosr-JMCE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2017

Abstract: The usage of natural fibres like borassus flabellifer fiber, flax, sisal, jute, kenaf, etc. as replacement to manmade fibers in fiber-reinforced composites have increased now a days due to advantages like low density, low cost and biodegradability .In addition to this poor compatibility with the matrix and high absorption content of natural fibers, focus is diverted to fiber reinforced composites. In this research, the standard test method of ASTM D256M is used to prepare specimens for testing Impact strength properties of fiber-resin composites. The test specimen has a constant cross section with tabs bonded at the ends. The specimens were incorporated with borassus.............

Keywords: Fiber reinforced composites, Natural Composites, Impact Strength

[1]. Eastham J. : Natural fibres for the automotive industry in 'Seminar of The Alternative Crops Technology Interaction Network, Manchester, UK' 16, 142–146 (2001).
[2]. Han S. O., Defoort B., Drzal L. T., Askeland P. A.: Environmentally friendly biocomposites for automotive applications in '33rd ISTC Conference, Seattle, USA' 33, 1466–1477 (2001).
[3]. Marsh G.: Next step for automotive materials. Materials Today, 6, 36-43 (2003).
[4]. Chen Y., Chiparus O., Sun L., Negulescu I., Parikh D. V., Calamari T. A.: Natural fibers for automotive nonwoven composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 35, 47–62 (2005).
[5]. Gassan J., Bledzki A. K.: Possibilities for improving the mechanical properties of jute/epoxy composites by alkali treatment of fibres. Composites Science and Technology, 59, 1303–1309 (1999).

Abstract: The work is carried out to investigate the microstructure and wear behavior of B4C reinforced Al-4.5% Cu alloy metal matrix composites. In the present work Al-4.5% Cu alloy was taken as the base matrix and B4C particulates as reinforcement material to prepare metal matrix composites by stir casting method. For metal matrix composites the reinforcement material was varied from 0 to 4 wt. % in steps of 2 wt. %. The wear resistance of metal matrix composites was studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin on disc apparatus..............

Keywords: Al-4.5%Cu alloy, B4C, Microstructure, Wear, Worn Surface

[1]. Sankaranarayanan, S., Sabat, R.K., Jayalakshmi, S. and Gupta, M., 2014, " Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Mg composites containing nano B4C hybridized micro Ti particulates", Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 143, pp. 1178-1190, 2014.
[2]. Wang, X. J., Wang, N. Z., Wang, Hu, X. S., Wu, K., Wang, Y, Q., Huang, Y, D., 2014, "Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of micro-SiC particles reinforced magnesium matrix composites fabricated by stir casting assisted by ultrasonic treatment processing", Material and Design, 59, pp. 638-645
[3]. Ezatpour, H. R., Sajjadi, S. A., Sabzevar, M. H., Huang, Y, Z., 2014, "An investigation of the tensile and compressive properties of Al6061 and its nano composites in as-cast state and in extruded condition", Material Science & Engineering A, 607, pp. 589-595.
[4]. Wei-chen Zhai, Zhao-hui Zhang, Fu-chi Wang, Xiang-bo Shen, Shu-kui Lee, and Lu Wang., 2014, "Effect of SI content on microstructure and properties of Si/Al composites", Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24, pp. 982-988.
[5]. Pradeep Gudlur, Artur Boczek, Miladin Radovic, and Anastasia Muliana., 2014, "On charactererizing the mechanical properties of aluminium-alumina composites", Material Science & Engineering A, 590, pp. 352-359.

Abstract: The composites refer to the material consisting of two or more individual constituents, in that the reinforcing particulates are embedded to the base matrix to form composite materials by improving the mechanical and tribological properties. Different types of composite materials are available and these are increasing because of their good enhanced properties, among these Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) finds its applications in various aspects like aerospace, automotive, defense...........

[1]. NarayanaYuvaraj, SivanandanAravindan and Vipin, "Fabrication of Al5083/B4C surface composite by friction stir processing and its tribological characterization", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 4 (4), pp. 398-410, 2015.
[2]. GurdialBlugan et al., "Si3N4-TiN-SiC three particle phase composites for wear applications", Ceramics International, 40, pp. 1439-1446, 2014.
[3]. M. Khakbiz and F. Akhlaghi, "Synthesis and structural characterization of Al-B4C nano composite powders by mechanical alloying", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 479, pp. 334-341, 2009.
[4]. Syed NasimulAlam and Lailesh Kumar, "Mechanical properties of aluminium based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets", Materials Science & Engineering A, pp. 16-32, 2016.

Abstract: The use of alternative materials other than river sand in the production of sandcrete blocks is gaining impetus in most major Nigerian cities. Manufacturers of these blocks are, however, faced with the problem of mix proportion required for the production of the desired property. Static modulus of elasticity of block is one key property required in the design of structures, which is usually neglected. In this work, a mathematical model is formulated using Osadebe's regression theory for predicting the static modulus of elasticity of laterite-quarry dust block. The model is tested for lack of fit using software and found adequate.

Keywords:Static modulus of elasticity, laterite, quarry dust, Osadebe regression model, mix proportion, Fisher Test.

[1]. Montgomery, D. E. (2002). Dynamically- Compacted cement stabilized soil blocks for low- cost Housing. A Phd Thesis
in Engineering, University of Warwick.
[2]. Ilangovana, R., Mahendrana, N., and Nagamanib, K. (2008) Strength and durability properties of concrete containing quarry rock
dust as fine aggregate. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. Vol. 3 No. 5 pp 20-26
[3]. Oyekan, G. L. and Kamiyo, O. M (2008) Effects of Granite fines on some engineering properties of sandcrete blocks. A paper
presented at 33rd conference on our world in concrete and structure at Singapore.
[4]. Josphua, O., Amusan, L. M., Fagbenle, O. I. and Kukoyi, P. O. (2014): ''Effects of Partial Replacement of sand with Lateritic soil in
sandcrete blocks''. Covenant Journal of research in Built Environment vol.1 No 2. pp 91-102
[5]. Okere, C. E., Onwuka, D. O., and Osadebe, N .N.( 2014): Static Modulus of Elasticity of sand- Laterite Blocks. International Journal of Engineering Science and Research Technology, pp 373-380

Abstract: In this paper it was proposed the manufacture of a component of the agricultural sector machine with conventional Powder Metallurgy (PM) techniques. The proposed process was developed with a Straight Bevel Gears, which is currently manufactured by other manufacturing processes, such as machining and forming. The gearwheel is part of a gearbox that replaces speed reduction. The component developed by powder metallurgy is low-carbon iron, in relation to Ni (nickel), Cu (copper) Mo (molybdenum) in large quantities. It was sought to verify the dimensional behavior with Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques......

Keywords: Conventional Powder Metallurgy, Straight Bevel Gears, Statistical Process Control.

[1] J. de Souza; C. A. Oliveira-Motta; T. G. Machado; A. Giacomin and H. M. A. Arabi. Analysis of Metallic Waste from Laser Cutting for Utilization in Parts Manufactured by Conventional Powder Metallurgy. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES). Vol.4 Issue 11 - November, 2016. p.01-05.
[2] J. de Souza; A. P. Borba; C. A. Oliveira-Motta; V. Martins and L. Schaeffer. Projeto de fabricação de face cilíndrica estacionária para biorreatores anaeróbios. Revista Liberato, Novo Hamburgo, v. 13, n. 19, p. 01-76, jan./jun. 2012.
[3] J. de Souza; C. A. Oliveira-Motta; and L. Schaeffer. Utilización de Ceniza Volante Aleada al Material Compuesto Hierro-Cobre-Grafito mediante un Proceso de Pulvimetalurgia. Información Tecnológica. Vol. 25(5), 21-26 (2014).
[4] J.S. Barboza, Caracterização de compósitos magnéticos macios desenvolvidos através da metalurgia do pó aplicados a núcleos de máquinas elétricas. Master's thesis. PPGE3M: UFRGS, 2009.
[5] A.C. Averú, L.V. Biehl, J.L.B. Medeiros and J. de Souza. Comparative Study of the Diffusibility of a Nickel Alloy composed by Ni-Cr-Fe. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT) Volume. 5, Issue. 12 - December, 2016.

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of frame set-back with vertical irregularity in height on accuracy of Pushover Analysis for predicting target displacement, story drifts, base shear and performance point. The behavior of high rise building during strong earthquake motion depends on the distribution of mass, stiffness and strength in both horizontal and vertical planes of the buildings. The Indian IS code 1893:2002(Part 1) has pointed out of different structures irregularities like plan irregularity and vertical irregularity.......

Keywords: Base shear, Lateral displacement, Non-Linear static analysis, Performance point, Seismic performance, R.C. building, Vertical irregularity, etc.

[1] Nabiollah Alirahimi Kashkooli and Mahmoud-Reza Banan "Effect of frame irregularity on accuracy of modal equivalent nonlinear static seismic analysis" KSCE journal of civil engineering, Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran (2013).
[2] Alinda Dey, Urmimala Bhattacharjee"Pushover Analysis for Multistory Building" KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha volume 2(2015)
[3] Mohommed Anwaruddin Md. Akberuddin, Mohd. Zameeruddin Mohd.Saleemuddin."Pushover Analysis of Medium Rise Multi-Story RCC Frame With and Without Vertical Irregularity" Nanded, ijera, volume 3 (2013).
[4] M. Pavan Kumar, Sateesh Konni "Effect of Vertical Irregularities of RC Framed structures by Using Non-Linear Static Analysis" SVCET, JNTU-K, AP, India, IJER Volume 4 (2015).
[5] Shaikh Abdul Aijaj Abdul Rahman and Girish Deshmukh "Seismic Response of Vertical Irregular RC Frame with Stiffness Irregularity at fourth floor" Nanded, India, IJETAE, volume 3 (2013)

Abstract: (1)A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. Opening Plate, Fixed Tube Sheet and Floating Tube Sheet is a part of Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger, used in refinery and oil & gas production. Typically, shell & tube heat exchanger can be considered as a pressure vessel subjected to uniform internal pressure. Hence the shell& tube heat exchanger in various design and..........

[1]. Ramesh K. Shah, D. P. (2003).Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design. New Jercy and Canada: John Wiley & sons Inc.
[2]. David Heckman, Davis, Gene Massion, Mark Greise, Finite element analysis of pressure vessels, MBARI, 1998.
[3]. Eugene F. Mgyesy, Pressure vessel hand book, pressure vessel handbook publishing Inc., fourth edition, 1978.
[4]. K.satoh, J.Kubota, J.Kashiwakura and S. Maruyama, Structural integrity of heat exchanger component for top entry loop type FBR,
Elsevier science publisher,Vol.E, 1993.
[5]. Krishnamurthy CS ,Finite element analysis 2nd ed. Tata Mc-Graw Hill Book Company ,New Delhi , 1994.

Abstract: In the world of technology and evolution, the field of civil engineering has also grown in various dimensions. Earlier the analysis and sustainability of the civil structures used to be paper based calculations which led to insufficient accuracy of analysis and variable factors affecting the failure of the structure through inevitable instances. But with the help of integration of various engineering fields, this determination of various characteristic changes, durability, deformation or failure caused due to hidden factors which are left out in the manual calculations i.e. paper based have converted and led this system to whole new level........

Keywords: Analysis, Software, Structure, Highly precise, Durability, Concrete structures, E-Tabs.

[1]. Dr.Akram Farouk, Assistant Professor Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Cairo ,Egypt.- High Rise Buildings and How They Affect Countries Progression.
[2]. N. Subramanian- Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Oxford University Press
[3]. Dr. V.L. Shah, Dr. S.R. Karve- Illustrated Design of Reinforced concrete buildings, 7th edition.
[4]. Bureau of Indian Standards 456-2000- Indian Standard plain and reinforced concrete code of practice (4th edition).

Abstract: Masonry load bearing wall subjected to vertical concentric and eccentric loading may collapse through instability. In this Paper the buckling behavior of masonry load bearing wall of different slenderness ratio were investigated by many researcher has been reviewed via testing a series of scale masonry wall subjected to concentric and eccentric vertical loading. The influence of nonlinear behavior of interface element, slenderness ratio and various end conditions have been investigated together with the effect of different end eccentricity of vertical load.

Keywords: Masonry load bearing wall, buckling failure, eccentric load, slenderness ratio.

[1]. Chapman, J. C. and Slatford, J. (1957). "The Elastic Buckling of Brittle Columns." Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 107, No. 6.
[2]. De Falco, A. and Lucchesi, M. (2007). "No Tension Beam-Columns with Bounded Compressive Strength and Deformability Undergoing Eccentric Vertical Loads." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 49, p. 54-74.
[3]. Hasan, S. S. and Hendry, A.W. (1976). "Effect of Slenderness and Eccentricity on the Compressive Strength of Walls." Proc. 4th International Brick Masonry Conference (Brugge). Paper 4.d3.

[4]. KIRTSCHIG, K. and ANSTOTZ, W. (1991) - Kinckuntersuchungen an mauerwerksproben. Proceedings of 9th International brick/block masonry Conference, p. 202-209.
[5]. Lourenco, P. B. (1996). "Computational Strategies for Masonry Structures." PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of basement floor(s) on seismic analysis of buildings. Considering the basement floor(s) in the seismic analysis using response spectrum method creates a problem regarding the mass participation ratio (MPR) which should not be less than 90% of total mass of building as a requirement by the code. While the MPR depending on the number of mode shapes used in the modal analysis, some codes allow to neglect this ratio with condition that use a reduced number of mode shapes with some restrictions to calculate it. A parametric study was performed to investigate............

[1]. IBC, Internasional Building Code; 2003.
[2]. ASCE 7-05. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers; 2005.
[3]. Euro-code 8, Design of structures for earthquake resistance, BS-EN1998-1; 2004.
[4]. Indian standard, criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures,IS 1893 part 1; 2002.
[5]. ECP, Egyptian code for loads, 2012.

Abstract: Electrical discharge machining is a nonconventional machining process which enables machining of complex and intricate shapes, hard materials that are precise and difficult to machine such as heat treated tool steels, composites, super alloys, ceramics, carbides, heat resistant steels etc. The process involves spark erosion in the presence of dielectric fluid. In this work SCM 420low alloy steel is the material used for the machining purpose with electrolyte copper as tool.............

Keywords: Electrical discharge machining, Material removal rate, Peak current, Response surface methodology, Surface roughness

[1] Mikell P. Groover, Fundamentals of modern manufacturing (John Wiley and Sons Inc,2010).
[2] Milan Kumar Das, Kaushik Kumar, Tapan Kr. Barman and Prasanta Sahoo, "Application of Artificial bee Colony Algorithm for
Optimization of MRR and Surface Roughness in EDM of EN31 tool steel", Elsevier, Procedia Materials Science, 741 – 751, May
2014.
[3] Mehdi Hourmand, Saeed Farahany, Ahmed A. D. Sarhan and Mohd Yusof Noordin, "Investigating the Electrical Discharge
Machining (EDM) Parameter effects on Al-Mg2Si Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) for high Material Removal Rate (MRR) and
less EWR–RSM approach", Springer, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Technology, October 2014.
[4] S. Gopalakannan, T. Sentjhilvelan and S. Ranganathan, "Modeling and Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Machining of
Al 7070-B4C using RSM", Procedia Engineering, 38, 685-690, 2012.
[5] S. B. Chikalthankar, V. M. Nandedkar and S .V. Borde, "Experimental Investigations of EDM Parameters." International Journal
of Engineering Research and Development, 7(5), 31-34, June 2013.