iosr-JMCE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2018

Abstract: Nigeria, one of the leading African countries in economy makes use of sandcrete blocks and concrete for various types of structure in the construction industry. Thereby making cement expensive and unaffordable for many in the country. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) which is in abundance in the country can be substituted for cement in making sandcrete blocks and low strength concrete for construction. Investigations showed that inclusion of RHA in the production ofsandcrete blocks yields averagely and comparative strength with that 100% cement .Sorptivity and permeability were also observed to have increased with increase in RHA content. The highest compressive strength for concrete was attained at a percentage RHA content of 10 percent. Results also suggested that RHA as a substitute can act as an insulator in houses. If well optimized, RHA will serve as an alternative to OPC in the construction industry leading to the production of low density sandcrete blocks that cost less, concrete with a durable strength for construction of low income housing and also improve waste handling.

Keywords: Rice husk Ash, sandcrete block, agricultural waste.

[1]. Anwar M, Miyagawa T, Gaweesh M (2000). Using rice husk ash as a cement replacement material in concrete.WastManage. Series, 1: 671-684.
[2]. Chukwudebelu, J.A., Igwe, C.C. and Madukasi, E. I. (2015). "Prospects of using Whole Rice Husk for the Production of Dense and Hollow bricks."African Journals of Environmental Science and Technology.Vol.9 issue 4,2018.
[3]. Cisse, I.K., Laguerbe, M (2000), Mechanical characterization of filler sandcretes with rice husk ash addition, study Applied to Senegal, Journal of Cement and Concrete research, Vol. 30, 2000.
[4]. Ganesan, K, Rajagopal, K. Thangavel, K. Selvaraji, R Sara Swarthi, V (2004). Rice husk ash – As versatile supplementary cementitious material.India Concrete Institute Journal 2004.
[5]. Nagrale, S.D.,Dr. Hemant H., Pankaj R. M. (2012). Utilization of Rise Husk Ash.International Journal of Engineering research and application. Vol.2,issue 4,2012

Abstract: Water is a colourless, transparent, odourless, liquid which forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms. "All life is water", said Thales, the Greek philosopher, this paper examines the twin problems which is the access and availability of water resources in Africa especially in Nigeria, Its intricate relationship that exists between their exploitation, use and availability at once, and environmental sustainability. Access to water for different use categories is assessed to be relatively low in the country, even though there are indications of marginal improvement since the advent of a new democratic dispensation. The gap between water need and supply has widened steadily in African continent, despite continuous efforts made to develop the nation's vast surface and groundwater resources. Acute water shortages afflict the inhabitants of the towns and cities..............

Keywords: Water Resources, Environment, Water cycle, Water resources management, Indigenous technology.

[1]. Akanmu, James O. et al (2006) Chronicles of River Basin Management in Nigeria, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UNILAG, Akoka, Lagos.
[2]. Ekuerhare, B. U. and Christopher O. Orubu: Economics of the Niger Delta, Report of the Economics Specialist, NDES Phase I, Port Harcourt, June (1996).
[3]. IDRC (2002). In Focus: Water – Local Level Management. International Development Research Council (IDRC), Canada.
[4]. Irokalibe Goldface,I,J.2008."NigerianPerspectives",www.foremfed.org/libdecs/spainWater2008/joe%Goldface_en.pdf.
[5]. Karikari, K. (1996). "Water Supply Management in Rural Ghana: Overview and Case Studies". In: E. Rached, E. Rathgeber and D. B. Brooks (eds), Water Management in Africa and the Middle East – Challenges and Opportunities. International Development Research Council (IDRC), Canada.Nigeria Millennium Development Goals 2005 Report. Cited.

Abstract: Structural failures are one of the important phenomena which should be very important to dealt with. Structural failures occur then and causing heavy damage to both property and human lives. Structural elements include beam, column, slab etc. The failure of the horizontal load bearing member beam is considered. The beams of Eighteen members were casted; keeping three as control specimens and others grouped into Five groups. All specimens are subjected to Failure load and Five methods of retrofitting were done. After the curing period the retrofitted elements were tested for Ultimate load bearing capacity. The values are tabulated and compared. The best method regarding high load bearing strength and lowest deflection were found out.

Keywords: Structural failures; reasons; practical investigations; retrofitting materials; GFRP 225gsm; GFRP 400GSM; GFRP 300GSM; JuteFiber; Steel Jacketing; Comparison; conclusion.

[1]. "A Multi-layer Parallel Crack Extension Model for Deformational Response of Post Installed Hanger" by Muhammed Saleem, Asad Ullah Quazi, Asif Hammed and Mohammed Hen Bashir in the Journal KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering in August 28, 2012
[2]. Axial Failure of Reinforced Columns Damaged by Reverse Versal" by Kurt Henkhaus, Santiago Pujal and Julio Ramirez in the Journal of American Society of Civil Engineers published on June 13, 2013
[3]. Severely corroded RC with cover cracking" Online Publication Date: 26 Apr 2012,
[4]. Strengthening and repair of RC beams using exterior steel plates" which is an Online Publication Date: 3 Sep 2012 the Author
[5]. Relative displacement sensing Techniques for post event structural damage assessment – review" by Li, H., Dong, S., El-Tawil, S., Kamat, V. which was Published on 10 September 2012 by : American Society of Civil Engineers,.

Abstract: This article presents some results of surface hardening (HV) experiment on machining C40 steel on CNC lathe. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cutting mode (cutting volume - S, cutting speed - V and cutting depth - t) according to the experimental design of the center of rotation with 20 experimental points, and then identifying surface hardness for each sample. The experimental data help build the interaction graph of each pair of cutting conditions to the surface hardness. The data are also used to build the regression coefficient showing the relation between the surface hardness and the parameters of the cutting mode . The results show that all parameters S, V, t have a significant influence on HV. Specifically the cut depth t has the greatest influence on HV, followed............

Keywords: Cutting mode; surface hardness.

[1]. Nguyen Dac Loc, Le Van Tien, Ninh Duc Ton, Tran Xuan Viet (2010), Handbook of Machine Technology - Volume 1, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi.

[2]. Banh Tien Long, Tran The Luc, Tran Sy Tuy (2013), Principles of materials processing, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi
[3]. C. J. RaoDr, D. NageswaraRao, P. Srihari (2013), Influence of Cutting Parameters on Cutting Force and Surface Finish in Turning Operation, Procedia Engineering, Volume 64, Pages 1405-1415

[4]. Nguyen Van Du, Nguyen Dang Binh (2011), Experimental planning in technology, Science and Technology Publisher, Hanoi.
[5]. N Ganesh, M Udaya Kumar , C Vinoth Kumar1 and B Santhosh Kumar (2014), Optimization of cutting parameters in turning of EN8 steel using response surface method and genetic, Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res, Vol 3, No 2, pp75-86..

Abstract: A campus is a center of educational activity that has a high activity on the movement of vehicles. The existence of the Campus Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University Gowa affects to the flow of human movement and cause the attraction of the trip, which implies the increase in traffic volume and level of service road. A study of the performance of Malino axis road due to the existence of the Campus Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University Gowa. This research aims to explain the performance of the road network in area Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University Gowa and traffic handling strategy. The analysis shows that the flow of vehicles entering the campus will burden the road to Malino by 12% -15%, while the exit vehicles will increase the traffic load on the toll road to Sungguminasa by 12% -13.5% of the total number of vehicles, currently the degree of saturation the road of Malino............

Keywords: Education center, Road Network, Level of Service.

[1]. Azra, Nuzrat. 2014. Implementation of Traffic Impact Assessment in Developing Countries: Case Study of Bangladesh, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering.
[2]. Jinca, M. Y. (1999). Transportation System and Engineering. Makassar. Lecture Materials Faculty of Engineering, University Hasanuddin
[3]. Naik, B. 2017. Traffic Impact Assessment for Hanamkonda City, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering.
[4]. Tamin O.Z. (2008). Transport planning and modeling. Bandung: Institure Technology Bandung (ITB)
[5]. Miro, Fidel. 2005. Transportation Planning, Erland, Jakarta

Abstract: Manufacturing process automation have attained significant progress by the incorporation of AI and many other forms of machine vision technologies. In this paper, the stoichiometric dynamics relative to image acquisition and interpretation under nanoscale manufacturing conditions have been discussed and theoretically analyzed using relevant space and state predictive simulations. It was shown that the in-process manufacturing conditions incidental to this image analysis utilized process invariant criticalities bothering on Bohr and Bolztmann's postulations. Thus, this imaging possibility was further shown to be dependent on the structural conditions and orientation of an electron in addition to its femtoseconds' time constraint situation for target surface image acquisition and analysis. Further, this investigation indicate the opto-electromechanical cavity realities of the photonic-phononic scanning electron relativities.

Keywords: particulate, optimization, undulator, trajectory, photonic-phononic.

[1]. Pellegrini, C., and Reiche, S., "The Development of X-ray Free -Electron Lasers" IEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 10 pp 1393 – 1404, 2004.
[2]. Tuma J.J., Handbook of Physical Calculations, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1976, p 173-174, [3]. Gomis-Bresco J., Navarro-Urrios D., Oudich M., El-Jallal S., Griol A., Puerto D., Chavez E., Pennec Y., Djafari-Rouhani B., Alzina F., Martínez A., and Sotomayor Torres C. M., "A One-Dimensional Optomechanical Crystal with a Complete Phononic Band Gap", Nature Communications., Vol. 5, 4452, 2014. [4]. Schmidt M., Kessler S., Peano V., Painter O., and Marquardt F. "Optomechanical Creation of Magnetic Fields for Photons on a Lattice" University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, Institute for Theoretical Physics Report, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, p. 2, Feb, 2015
[5]. Favero, I and Karrai, K. "Optomechanics of Deformable Optical Cavities. Nat. Photonics, vol. 3, 201-205, p. 6, 2007

Abstract: Black cotton (BC)soils are known to be potential expansive soils. Pedagogicalclassification as Vertisols is used for long time in agricultural and engineering research in India and other countries. The BC soils are considered problematic and sometimes as natural potential hazard be as they result in extensive damage to civil structures because of excessive seasonal volumetric variations (swelling and shrinkage). The widespread ubiquitous black cotton soils around the world and their geotechnical challenges to structures require a clear knowledge of their peculiar properties to enable effective utilization of BC soils by suitable alterations for engineering purposes. In this context we made a small attempt in stabilization of black cotton soils with natural granite waste powder...............

Keywords: Black Cotton (BC) soils, Engineering and Index properties, Granite Powder, Mineralogy, Montimorillonite Weathering.

[1]. Ahmad N(1983).Vertisols. In L.P. Widding.N.E., Smeck N.E. and Hall G.F. (Eds).Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy, Vol.11, The soils orders, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp: 91-123
[2]. Brajesh Mishra (2015): A Study on Engineering Behavior of Black Cotton Soil and its Stabilization by Use of Lime: International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): Volume 4 Issue 11, November 2015 2319-7064
[3]. Chen FE(1988): Foundations on Expansive soils. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
[4]. Gidigasu S. S. R and Gawu S. K. The Mode of Formation (2013) Nature and Geotechnical characteristics of Black Cotton Soils - A Review Y Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ghana, Standard Scientific Research and Essays Vol1 (14): 377-390, December (ISSN: 2310-7502)
[5]. Gidigasu S. S. R and Gawu S. K. Y. (2014) The Mode of Formation, Nature and Geotechnical characteristics of Black Cotton Soils - A Review: Standard Scientific Research and Essays Vol-1 (14): 377-390, December (ISSN: 2310-7502) http://www.standresjournals.org/journals/SSRE

Abstract: This project is done to reduce the use of Natural aggregates by replacing it with Recycled Crushed Brick Aggregate (RCBA) and Quarry Dust (QD).The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to identify substitute material to sand in the production of concrete. Recycled Crushed Brick Aggregate is the by-product of demolished buildings waste and Quarry dust on the other hand is also a waste product in crushing process during quarrying activities. In this paper,, the fine aggregate is replaced with Recycled Crushed Brick Aggregate by 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50% , Quarry Dust by 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and the mix of RCBA and QD by 20% with 20%, 30% with 30%, 40% with 40%, 25% with 50% and 50% with 50% for 7 days and 28 days.It is seen from the results that the compressive..........

[1]. UmmiKalsum, H.M.N, Mashitah, M.D., Badorul, A.B. (2008) "Recycling of clay based demolition wastes for the production of concrete block".International Conference on Environment (ICENV 2008).
[2]. K.ShyamPrakash and Ch.HanumanthaRao (2016) "Study on Compressive Strength of Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate in Concrete".Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Civil Engineering Volume 2016.
[3]. Dr. T. Kibriya and Dr. P.R.S. Speare (1996) "The Use of Crushed Brick Coarse Aggregates in Concrete".International Congress on "Concrete in the Service of Mankind" University of Dundee, 24 – 28 June, Dundee, Scotland.
[4]. UmmiKalsum, H.M.N, Mashitah, M.D., Badorul, A.B. (2008) "Recycling of clay based demolition wastes for the production of concrete block".International Conference on Environment (ICENV 2008).
[5]. Ishak Waleed Esmail M (2009) "Investing the effect of partial replacement of aggregates by clay waste products in concrete". University of Nairobi F 16/28834/2009.

Abstract: The concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world with about six billion tones being produced every year. It is only next to water in terms of per-capita consumption. However, environmental sustainability is at stake both in terms of damage caused by extraction of raw material and CO2 emission during cement manufacture. This brought pressures on researchers for the reduction of cement by supplementary materials. These materials may be naturally occurring, industrial wastes or by product that are less energy intensive. These materials (called pozzoloans) when combined with calcium hydroxide, exhibits cementitious properties. Most commonly used pozzaloans are fly ash (FS), silica fume (SF), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and metakaolin (MK). This............

Key Words: Cement, GGBS, partial replacement, mechanical property, durability property.

[1]. Alaa M Rashad and Dina M Sadek., (2017), An Investigation on Portland Cement Replaced by High-Volume GGBS Pastes Modified with Micro-Sized Metakaolin Subjected to Elevated Temperatures, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, Vol.6, pp.91-101.
[2]. Aliakbar Gholampour and Togay Ozbakkaloglu., (2017), Performance of Sustainable Concretes Containing Very High Volume Class- F Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.17, pp.526-539.
[3]. ASTM C 1202-12 Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration.
[4]. Bokyeong Lee., Gyuyong Kim., Jeongsoo Nam., Bongsuk Cho., Yukio Hama., Raehwan Kim., (2016), Compressive Strength Resistance to Chloride-ion Penetration and Freezing/Thawing of Slag Replaced Concrete and Cementless Slag Concrete Containing Desulfurization Slag Activator, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.128, pp.314-348.
[5]. BS EN 1338:2003 "Requirements and test methods for concrete paving blocks", European Standards, 2003.