iosr-JMCE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2019

Abstract: In the present work, the optimization of welding parameters (Welding Current, Welding Voltage, and Electrode feed Rate) for SS 304 is investigated. Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental design. A total number of 9 experimental runs have been designed using L9 orthogonal array. Stainless steel of thickness 3mm was selected as work piece material for the present experiments. The gases used during this welding process were mixture of Argon (25%) and helium (75%). 18 plates of 3mm thickness were taken and then coalescence is produced by using GMAW to form 9 butt welded plates. The required dimension welding samples for mechanical testing is............

Key words: SS 304, Taguchi method, Coalescence, ANOVA, Tensile strength, Brinell hardness, GMAW

[1]. Tarng Y. S., Juang S. C. & Chang C. H., (2002) "The Use of Grey-Based Taguchi Methods to Determine Submerged Arc Welding Process Parameters in Hard-Facing", Journal of Material Processing Technology, vol.128, pp. 1-6.
[2]. Mai, T. A., & Spowage, A. C. (2004) "Characterisation of Dissimilar Joints in Laser Welding of Steel–Kovar, Copper–Steel and Copper– Aluminium", Materials Science and Engineering, vol.374, pp. 224–233.
[3]. James M. N, G. Mills, (2008) "Residual stress and strain in MIG butt welds in 5083-H321 aluminium As-welded and fatigue cycled" International Journal of Fatigue, 31volume, pp. 28-31.
[4]. Datta S, Bandyopadhyay A, Kumar P. P., (2008) "Grey-based Taguchi method for optimization of bead geometry in submerged arc bead-on-plate welding" Internatonal Journal of Advanced Manufacturing & Technology, vol. 39 pp 1136–1143
[5]. Rai R, Palmer T. A, Elmer J. W & Debroy T, (2009) "Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow during Electron Beam Welding of 304L Stainless Steel Alloy", Welding Journal, vol.88, pp. 1-19..

Abstract: In the present work, the joining of dissimilar AA5086 and H32-AA6061 aluminium plates of 5mm thickness was carried out by friction stir welding technique. The present work shows that dissimilar alloy materials have highest effect on mechanical properties of the welded specimen taken from welded zone. They were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Effect of tool pin profile, feed rate and spindle speed on tensile strength of welded joints were investigated. The experimental results were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is used to investigate the influence of parameters consider for the study..

Key words: Friction stir welding, tensile strength, ANOVA technique

[1]. Khany. S. E., Mehdi. S. N., Ahmed. G. M. S. (2015) "An Analytical Study of Dissimilar Materials Joint Using Friction Welding and its Application", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 2, PP: 12-20.
[2]. Raktate Omesh, Dhananjay Dolas (2016), "Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding– Critical Review", International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1, PP: 235-242.
[3]. Bhate. S. K (2016) "A Literature Review of Research on Rotary Friction Welding", International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research, Volume No.4, Issue No.1, PP: 2601-2612.

[4]. Tuncel. O., Aydin. H., Tutar. M & Bayram. A. (2016) "Mechanical performance of friction stir spot welded AA6082-T6 sheets", International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Vol 4, Issue 1, PP114–118
[5]. Verma. G., Kumar. S., Bundel. B. R. (2016), "A Research Paper on the Comparison of Weld Strength of Friction Welding of Different Materials At Two Different RPM", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Volume 7, Issue 6, PP:123–127..

Abstract: The recurrent premature failures of public infrastructure which render most constructed facilities structurally deficient and functionally obsolete require urgent attention and the degree of uncertainty or dispersion in the size geometry of local and imported bars is very fundamental to the development of reliable standard of practice for building and civil engineering industry. From findings, the degree of uncertainty in the geometric size of local bars was six times higher than the imported bars, while the degree of uncertainty in bar sizes was smaller in Lagos than that of Ibadan. Also, weekly durability assessment of the rebar specimens were evaluated to determine the mass loss and the mechanical properties when fully immersed in distilled water and 5% solution of H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, Na2SO4 in soluble water over a period of six weeks. The severity of aqueous solutions on rebar strength was in the order HCl> H2SO4 >NaOH> H2O > Na2SO4 and HCl> H2SO4>NaOH> Na2SO4> H2O for imported and local respectively.

[1]. Basu P. C, Shylamoni P, Roshan A. D (2004) Characterisation of steel reinforcement for RC structures: An overview and related issues.Indian Concrete Journal. 78(1): 19-30.
[2]. Balogh .T and L. G. Vigh. (2013), Cost Optimization of Concentric Braced Steel Building Structures. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 78, Pp. 06-21.
[3]. BS 4449 (2001) Specification for carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete.
[4]. Castro C, Rodriguez F.J, Belzunce A. F, Canteli O (2002) Stainless Steel Rebar for Concrete Reinforcement.
[5]. Chahrour A, Soudki K (2005) Flexural response of reinforce concrete beams strengthened with end –anchored partially bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strips, Journal of Composites for Construction. 9(2):170-177...

Abstract: There are different ways of preventive measures are applying to avoid or minimizing Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) in concrete such as minimizing Alkali content in the cement, selection of innocuous type aggregate, addition of mineral admixture in concrete & using different types of Lithium & Barium based salt as a admixture in concrete or by external application on concrete surface. Among all the four ways of preventive measures reduction in Alkali content in the cement is not very significant in case of deleterious aggregate even it is recommended to keep the alkali content in cement below 0.6%, however for slow reactive aggregate it is significant for decreasing.......

[1]. Eliminating or MinimizingAlkali-Silica Reactivity , David Stark ,Bruce Morgan ,Paul Okamoto, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. ,5420 Old Orchard Road , Skokie, IL 60077 ,Sidney Diamond ,Purdue University, West Lafayette, IndianaStrategic Highway Research Program , National Research CouncilWashington, DC 1993.
[2]. Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity ,ACI 221.1R-98(Reapproved 2008)Reported by ACI Committee 221
[3]. ASTM C 1260 – 07 ,Standard Test Method forPotential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-BarMethod)
[4]. ASR prevention — Effect of Aluminium and Lithium ions on the reaction products,LeemanAndreas, Bernard Laetitia, AlahracheSalaheddine, Winnefeld Frank – Cementand Concrete Research, Volume- 76(2015), Pp 192 – 201and Related Disorders. 2009;7(3):221–230
[5]. Effects of lithium salts on ASR gel composition and expansion of mortars,Kawamura,Mitsunori, Fuwa Hirohito - Cement and Concrete Research, Volume-33(2003), Issue – 6, Pp 913-919.

Abstract: In this paper, the tensile strength of three sets of steel bar specimens which are the imported steel bars, locally manufactured steel bars from billets of recycled scraps and the locally produced steel bars from billets extracted from iron-ore and subjected to thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) process were investigated. The results revealed degree of randomness of local bars to be almost twice those of the TMT and imported bars. The elongation of the TMT of 13.8% was the least of the three and did not satisfy the requirement for minimum elongation of 14%, whereas the elongation of the imported and local bars were 15.1% and 17.2% respectively meet the requirement of the minimum elongation. Coupled with its high ductility, local bars is just slightly higher in strength than mild steel..........

[1]. Basu P. C, Shylamoni P, Roshan A. D (2004) Characterisation of steel reinforcement for RC structures: An overview and related issues.Indian Concrete Journal. 78(1): 19-30.
[2]. BS 4449 (2001) Specification for carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete. Castro C, Rodriguez F.J, Belzunce A. F, Canteli O (2002) Stainless Steel Rebar for ConcreteReinforcement.
[3]. Chahrour A, Soudki K (2005) Flexural response of reinforce concrete beams strengthened with end –anchored partially bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strips, Journal of Composites for Construction. 9(2):170-177.
[4]. Clifton J. R, Mathey R. G, Anderson E.D (1999) Creep of coated Reinforcing Bars in concrete. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 105 (10): 1935-1945.
[5]. Ede A. A (2010), Building Collapse in Nigeria, International Journal for Civil and Environmental Vol. 10 No. 0632...

Abstract: Repaired by internally Injected of epoxy and externally strengthened by carbon fibre sheets(CFRP)has been investigated recently through this research. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyses the behaviour of tested concrete specimen and reinforced concrete beams repaired by using internally injection of epoxy with strengthened externally by carbon fibre sheets(CFRP). The internal injection method in present time became very important method especially for treatment not only visible cracks but also micro cracks internally reinforced concrete beams in structures. A concrete flexure and shear cracks varies according to its constituents, concrete manufacturing, curing and type of loadings producing acting flexure and shear stress. Flexure and Shear stresses developed from applied loads might be higher than the.........

[1]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed.Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Mainely Failed in Critical Shear Zone by Static Load. M.Ss.Thesis, Assiut University, Egypt 1985.
[2]. Yunlan Zhang .Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Engineering Department. Ohio State University. 2012.
[3]. Saeed Ahmad, AyubElahi, and M YaqoobFarooqi, Control of Flexuer Cracks in A simply supported beam by eboxy injection technique. 35th Conference on our world in concrete & structure: 25 - 27 August 2010, Singapore.
[4]. A.Koçak, M.M. Önal and K. Sönmez. Repairing and strengthening methods for RC structural members. Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
[5]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed ;AlyGamalAly ; Mahmoud Hussien Ahmed OmranAbdElfadilOmran.. repair and strengthening of the water piers Barrages by injection technique and its evaluation. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Vol. , No. , septemper 2011....

Abstract: Repaired by internally Injected of epoxy and externally strengthened by carbon fibre sheets(CFRP) has been investigated recently through this research. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyses the behaviour of tested concrete specimen and reinforced concrete beams repaired by using internally injection of epoxy with strengthened externally by carbon fibre sheets(CFRP). The internal injection method in present time became very important method especially for treatment not only visible cracks but also micro cracks internally reinforced concrete beams in structures. A concrete flexure and shear cracks varies according to its constituents, concrete manufacturing, curing and type of loadings producing acting flexure and shear stress. Flexure and Shear stresses developed from applied loads might be higher than the limit tension and shear strength of concrete, therefore, web reinforcement should be added to resist quick higher values of acting shear stress. However, the ability resistance of concrete to flexure and shear stresses in the.........

Keywords: Cracks, epoxy injection, carbon fiber sheets (CFRP), repair, and strengthening procedure

[1]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed.Behaviorof Reinforced Concrete Beams Mainely Failed in Critical Shear Zone by Static Load. M.Ss.Thesis, Assiut University, Egypt 1985.
[2]. Yunlan Zhang .Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Engineering Department. Ohio State University. 2012.
[3]. Saeed Ahmad, AyubElahi, and M YaqoobFarooqi, ControlofFlexuer Cracksin A simply supported beamby eboxyinjectiontechnique. 35thConference on our world in concrete & structure: 25 - 27 August 2010, Singapore.
[4]. A.Koçak, M.M. Önaland K. Sönmez. Repairing and strengthening methods for RC structural members. Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
[5]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed ;AlyGamalAly ; Mahmoud Hussien Ahmed OmranAbdElfadilOmran..repair and strengthening of the water piers Barrages by injection technique and its evaluation. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Vol. , No. , septemper 2011.

Abstract: Repaired by internally Injected of epoxy and externally strengthened by carbon fibre sheets (CFRP) has been investigated recently through this research. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyses the behaviour of tested concrete specimen and reinforced concrete beams repaired by using internally injection of epoxy with strengthened externally by carbon fibre sheets (CFRP). The internal injection method in present time became very important method especially for treatment not only visible cracks but also micro cracks internally reinforced concrete beams in structures. A concrete flexure and shear cracks varies according to its constituents, concrete manufacturing, curing and type of loadings producing acting flexure and shear stress. Flexure and Shear stresses developed from applied loads might be higher than the limit tension and shear strength of concrete, therefore, web reinforcement should be added to resist quick higher values of acting shear stress. However, the ability resistance of concrete to flexure and shear stresses.......

[1]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed.Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Mainely Failed in Critical Shear Zone by Static Load .
M.Ss.Thesis ,Assiut University, Egypt 1985.
[2]. Yunlan Zhang .Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Engineering Department. Ohio State University. 2012.
[3]. Saeed Ahmad, Ayub Elahi, and M Yaqoob Farooqi, Control of Flexuer Cracks in A simply supported beam by eboxy injection technique. 35th Conference on our world in concrete & structure: 25 - 27 August 2010, Singapore.
[4]. A.Koçak ,M.M .Önal and K .Sönmez .Repairing and strengthening methods for RC structural members .Y zıdlıTechnical University, Istanbul, Turkey
[5]. Aly abdel-Zaher Elsayed ;Aly Gamal Aly ; Mahmoud Hussien Ahmed Omran Abd Elfadil Omran.. repair and strengthening of the water piers Barrages by injection technique and its evaluation. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Vol. , No. , septemper 2011.