iosr-JMCE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2019

Abstract: Circuit breakers (CBs) are very important elements in the power system. They are used to switch other equipment in and out of service. Circuit breakers need to be reliable since their incorrect operation can cause major issues with power system protection and control such as the advancement of power system; the lines and other equipment operate at very high voltages and carry large currents. This paper deals with the operation of circuit breakers and how they protect the Nigerian power system. Data collected from different feeders at national level were analyzed and results with graphical illustrations showed the normal and abnormal working conditions of circuit breakers in the system.

Key words: circuit breakers, power system, feeders

[1]. R. Friedel and P. Israel, Edison's Electric Light: Biography of an Invention, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick New Jersey USA, ISBN 0-8135-1118-6 pp.65-66, 1986.
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Abstract: The major part of Indian economy depends on Indian Railways, ran by 1.27 million employees working round the clock, of which locomotive pilots are most responsible category of employee engaged in operation directly. But the segment susceptible to belonging from work related musculoskeletal disorder due to working environment and driving postures. It is therefore the secondary driving activities performed by the loco pilots are evaluated using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method with an objective to find out the risk associated with it. The study also aiming to find out the possibility of reduction or elimination of those activities in the present scenario to facilitate loco pilots, if feasible. RULA score revealed that all the secondary activities are mostly belong to action level two

[1]. Indian Railways Year Book 2017-18, http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/pdf_annual_report/Railway%20Year%20Book_2017_18.p df, last accessed 2019/09/02.
[2]. Rail News: 8.2% GDP Growth rate – Indian Railways in India‟s GDP, http://www.railnews.in/8-2-gdp-growth-role-of-indian-railways- in-indias-gdp-carbon-footprint/ September 2018, last accessed 2019/09/02.
[3]. McAtamney, L. and Corlett, E.N. (1993) "RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders‟, Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp.91–99uthor, F.: Article title. Journal 2 (5), 99–110 (2016).
[4]. Rajesh Ranjan and T. Prasad. 2013. "Work-Life of Indian Railway‟s Drivers (Loco-Pilots)". IOSR Journal of Business and Management. Volume 9, Issue 2 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 39-48.
[5]. Ranjan. R., Prasad. T. 2014. "Working-Conditions, Stress and Their Outcomes: A Review Study among Loco-Pilots (Railway Drivers) in India". IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science. Volume 19, Issue 8, Ver. I (Aug. 2014), PP 93-101.

Abstract: Buildings with irregularity in plan or elevation suffer much more damage in earthquake than buildings with regular configuration. In this study, four vertical geometric irregular setback building models have been analyzed by pushover analysis method to observe their seismic behavior in seismic zone II of Bangladesh. Four vertical geometric irregular setback building models have four different A/L ratios such as 2, 6, 8 and 12. Pushover analysis is performed to determine the performance levels, drift ratios and plastic rotations of structural members. The performance levels, drift ratios and plastic rotations are compared for 4 building models in both............

Key words: Pushover analysis, setback buildings, performance levels, performance points, plastic hinges, demand curve, capacity curve, pushover curve

[1]. Md. Mohiuddin Ahmed, Aysha Akter, Subrata Roy, "Pushover Analysis of RCC Buildings with Different Types of Shear Walls and Different Number of Spans by Frame Elements Based Model Method", International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), https://www.ijsr.net/search_index_results_paperid.php?id=ART2020157, Volume 8 Issue 8, August 2019, 788 – 792.
[2]. FEMA 356 (2000). Pre-standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, american society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia
[3]. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Guidelines and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 273 & 274, 1998
[4]. Syed Ahmed, Dr.Jagadish.G.kori (2013). Performance based seismic analysis of an unsymmetrical building using pushover analysis, International Journal of engineering research online. 1:2, 100-110.
[5]. Samir A.B. Jabbar Al-jassim, Mohanned Abdul Husssain (2018). Pushover Analysis of G+5 Reinforced Concrete Building in Basrah, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET) 11: 1,53-59.

Abstract: Blimbingsari Banyuwangi Airport serves several flying schools in Indonesia besides serving domestic flights. The traffic movement has increased which has an impact on the density of traffic so that the movement of the apron cannot be avoided. The research aims to increase apron capacity towards the smooth flow of flight traffic at Blimbingsari Banyuwangi Airport. Using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods based on observations in the field about apron dimensions, number of parking booths, parking configuration and parking duration. The results show that traffic is disrupted when a plane is holding on a taxiway, thus triggering a delay. Airlines experience loss of time and fuel, so that the apron is not optimally utilized, alternative solutions are suggested to expand the apron, and rearrange the layout of the aircraft while parking..

Key words: Apron capacity, parking stand, slot time

[1]. Law No.1 of year 2009 concerning Aviation. 2009. Jakarta

[2]. Director General of Civil Aviation Regulation, 2015. Human Resources Planning
[3]. Hendri Louis Latif, and Muhammad Yamin Jinca, 2019, Operational Performance of Aviobridge for Stand Parking At The Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 16, Issue 4 Ser. II (Jul. - Aug. 2019), PP 62-65
[4]. Irfan, 2019, Flight Safety And Safety Performance In Maneuvering Airport Areas Of Juwata Tarakan Airport, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 21, Issue 5. Ser. I (May. 2019), PP 13-17.
[5]. Ida Umboro Wahyu Nur Wening, M. Yamin Jinca, and Jamaluddin Rahim, 2019, The Level Ofapron Utility At Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 16, Issue 4 Ser. I (Jul. - Aug. 2019), PP 59-63.

Abstract: Monthly and annually streamflow generation models have been used for Monte Carlo simulations, in order to design, optimization and risk analysis of multipurpose reservoirs systems. Auto-regressive models, in general, preserve the statistical parameters of the historical time series when they are applied in humid watersheds. However, they are not able to reproduce the persistence encountered in the historical series of intermittent rivers from semi-arid areas. In this study is presented one application of several streamflow generation models for semi-arid area of the Northeast Brazil. Frag1 model and Frag2 model showed the best results. The Matalas model also proved to be quite efficient in reproducing streamflow. For water resources management in semi-arid regions, hydrologic droughts risk assessment is of huge importance for water resources policy makers.

Key words: water resources, optimization, semi-arid regions, streamflow generation

[1] Andreoli, R. V., Kayano, M. T. 2007 A Importância relativa do Atlântico Tropical Sul e Pacífico Leste na Variabilidade de Precipitação do Nordeste do Brasil (The relative importance of the tropical South atlantic and eastern pacifico on rainfall variability in the northeast Brazil), Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, v.22,n.1,63-74.
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Abstract: Freshwater ecosystems have been used for the investigation of factors controlling the abundance and distribution of aquatic organisms (Esenowo and Ugwumba, 2010). It is well established that the productivity of a reservoir depends on its ecological conditions and by monitoring the water quality; productivity can be increased to obtain msustainable yield of aquatic biota (Mustapha, 2011 Usman, 2016).. Maintenance of healthy aquatic environment and production of sufficient foods in reservoir are primarily linked with successful reservoir culture operations. To keep the aquatic habitat favourable for existence of living organisms, physical and chemical factors like temperature, turbidity, pH, odour, dissolved gases, salts nutrients etc.. Research findings indicate that application and heavy doses of fertilizers pollute ground water through leaching of nitrate from nitrogenous fertilizers and of cadmium from single super phosphate and of fluoride from rock phosphates.

[1]. EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS RIVER WATER IN INDIA ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Journal of Chemistry 2011, 8(4), 1546-1555
[2]. STUDY ON SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF GROUND WATER OF DISTRICT RAMPUR A Statistical Approach ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Joumal of Chemistry Vol. 4, No. 2, pp 162-165, April 2007
[3]. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SAMPLES OF BANTWAL TALUK, SOUTH-WESTERN Kamataka, India Journal of Environmental Biology July 2007, 28(3) 591-595 (2007)
[4]. PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM RIVER SOKOTO, Northwestern Nigeria Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2015, 5, 194-199

Abstract: This research project investigates the effect of Bentonite content on the Shear Strength of Foundry Sand – Bentonite mixture using West African Standard compaction efforts. The Foundry Sand and Bentonite were mixed to form clay – sand mixtures with varying Bentonite contents of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. Tests such as Particle Size Distribution, Atterberg limits, Specific Gravity, Compaction and Direct Shear Box were carried out to determine the index and strength properties of the Foundry sand and the various treated mixes. The results of the classification test show that Foundry Sand is non-plastic and falls under A-3 and SM using AASHTO and USCS classification systems respectively. The compaction characteristics trended in reverse directions as the Bentonite content..........

[1]. BS 1377 (1990). "Methods of testing soil for Civil Engineering purposes". British Standards institute, London.
[2]. BS 1924 (1990). "Method of tests for stabilized soils". British Standards institute, London.
[3]. Venkatramaiah C. (2006), "Geotechnical Engineering (Revised 3rd Edition)", (pp 253-255).
[4]. Ontario Ministry of Transportation. "Resistance of Fine Aggregate to Degradation by Abrasion in the MicroDuval Apparatus", LS-619, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Ontario, Canada, 1996.
[5]. Orazulike, D.M. (1993). "Mineralogical and chemical composition of some Bauchi soils and their relationship to passive earth movement". Natural Hazards 7, Kluwer Academic Publishers Netherland, 109-119.

Abstract: The study is centered on the available techniques and procedures of soil stabilization and to keep geotechnical engineers abreast of the cheaper technologies with respect to soil stabilization and a need to do what is best in this field through a review of the most important techniques and additives for the soil. The economic factor represented by the costs aspects is a very important factor in major projects like highway projects. The article reviews the most important soil stabilization methods and the cheapest to select them as cheap and effective materials to increase load resistance at the same time.The study included three types of additives by reviewing the theoretical........

Keywords: soil, soil stabilization,highways,situ, clayey soil, cost

[1]. Sherwood, P. (1993). Soil stabilization with cement and lime. State of the Art Review. London: Transport Research Laboratory, HMSO
[2]. Rogers, C.D.F. and Glendinning, S. (1993). Modification of clay soils using lime. In C. a. Rogers (Ed.), Proceeding of the Seminar held at Loughborough University on Lime Stabilization (pp. 99-114). London: Thomas Telford
[3]. Zhiming Si, 2007, TxDOT Guidelines for Soil Stabilization, TxDOT Design/Bridge Conference Corpus Christi, Aug. 15, 2007.
[4]. Habiba Afrin. A Review on Different Types Soil Stabilization Techniques. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2017, pp. 19-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20170302.12
[5]. Keller Inc., (2011). Improvement of Weak Soils by the Deep Soil Mixing Method. Keller Bronchure, 32-01E: http://keller-foundations.co.uk/technique/deep-dry-soilmixing

Abstract: Water Quality Index (WQI), a technique of rating water quality and analyze the physical, chemical andbiological characteristics of water. It is an effective tool to assessquality and ensure sustainable safe use of water for drinking. Water quality indices aim at giving a single value to thewater quality of a source reducing great amount of parameters into a simpler expression andallows easy interpretation of monitoring data. The present work is aimed to assessthe groundwater quality of Naregaon dumping site of Aurangabad region for knowing the suitability of drinking purpose. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from dug wells for comprehensivephysico-chemical analysis. Twelve parameters were considered for calculating the WQI such as: pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness........

Keywords: Water Quality Index, Groundwater, Naregaon, dumping site..

[1]. Dr. Ashok Tejankar, Mr. Rohan K. Pathrikar., Analysis& recycling of municipal solid waste: A case study of Aurangabad city, Maharashtra, India, Vol. 2, Issue 1(2017):01-07.
[2]. Asif Ali Syed Abed Ali and V S Pradhan., Determination of potential landfill site for Aurangabad city using multi criteria evaluation, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 4(2017):1260–1267.
[3]. Chidanand Patil, Shreekant Narayanakar, Arjun Virupakshi, Assessment of groundwater quality around solid waste landfill area - A Case Study, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 7(2013): 3132-3136.
[4]. Ashwani Kumar Tiwari, Prasoon Kumar Singh and Mukesh Kumar Mahato., 2014, GISbased evaluation of Water Quality Index of groundwater resources in West Bokaro coalfield, India, Current World Environment, Vol. 9, Issue 3(2014):843-850.
[5]. M. Vasanthavigar, K. Srinivasamoorthy, K. Vijayaragavan, R. Rajiv Ganthi, S. Chidambaram, P. Anandhan, R. Manivannan, S. Vasudevan, Application of water quality index for groundwater quality assessment: Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, Tamilnadu, India, Environmental Monitoring Assessment, Vol. 171(2010):595–609.

Abstract: In this study, an extruder device design having an important role in preserving the nutritional values of foods in food production systems was performed (feeding II).Two different extruders, (feeding I) belonging to a private enterprise and (feeding II) designed in the laboratory, were used in this study. The before and after chemical changes of the pulses fed with the extruder machines were examined. The analyses of three samples were carried out as dry bean, green lentil, kidney bean. Protein, colour, pH and moisture analyses were performed on the samples before and after the extrusion process. It was used Kjeldahl protein determination method for protein analysis, moisture determination method in the drying oven for moisture analysis, analysis method with Ph meter for pH analysis, and finally Lovibond Tintometer for the conducted colour analysis.........

Keywords: Design of extruder device, fed values, pulses, proteın, chemical properties

[1]. H. Natabirwa, D. Nakimbugwe, M. Lung'aho, John H. Muyonga,"Optimization of Roba1 extrusion conditions and bean extrudate properties using response surface methodology and multi-response desirability function", LWT, 96, 411-418, 2018.
[2]. A. Aylangan, E. İç, B. Özyardimci, "Nohut, barbunya ve yeşil mercimeklerin besinsel ve duyusal kalitelerine gamma ışınımı ve depolanma süresi etkilerinin araştırılması", Gıda kontrolü, 80, 428-434, 2017.
[3]. M. G. Nosworthy, G. M.J. Franczyk, J. Neufeld, P. A. Alphonsus Utioh, P. Frohlich, James D, "Effect of processing on the in vitro and in vivo protein quality of red and green lentils (Lens culinaris)", Food Chemistry, 240, 588-593, 2018.
[4]. C. R. Johnson, D. Thavarajah, P. Thavarajah, S. Payne, J. Moore, J.B. Ohm,"Processing, cooking, and cooling affect prebiotic concentrations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)", Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 38, 106-111, 2015.
[5]. N. Siva, P. Thavarajah, D. Thavarajah,"The impact of processing and cooking on prebiotic carbohydrates in lentil", Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 70, 72-77, 2018.