iosr-JMCE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. – Dec. 2020

Abstract: It has been known that fire dramatically reduces the characteristic strength of the reinforced concrete columns. A significant effort has been devoted to study the effect of fire on the reinforced concrete columns. Most of them were focused on evaluating column's fire resistance and provided some recommendations of structural fire resistance. Little attention was paid to the behavior of (GFRP), and Ferrocement jacketing under fire conditions. This paper aims to two main purposes, first the effect of applying (GFRP) laminate, Ferrocement jacketing, and the combined technique between (GFRP), Ferrocement on RC columns, and the performance of using the outer coating on the behavior of the (GFRP) laminates specimens, secondly the effect of the elevated temperature on the same techniques. For that purposetwenty two specimens were involved in the experimental test program, eleven of.....

Key words: FRP,GFRP,laminate, Ferrocement jacketing, Cement, Axial compression, , Fire exposure, coating

[1]. H Lakhani and J Ožbolt (2019)," Structural behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns under fire." 7th International Conference on Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 615 (2019) 012088.
[2]. Mostafa A. sman1, Sherif O.2 and Radwa O. Mohamed3(2020) "Experimental Study of Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns with added Steel Fiber after Fire Exposure"Life Sci J2020;17(1):37-46].ISSN:1097-8135 (Print) /ISSN:2372-613X .
[3]. VenkateshKodura, DerekHibnera and AnkitAgrawala(2017) "Residual response of reinforced concrete columns exposed to design fires" Procedia Engineering,Volume 210, 2017, Pages 574-581.
[4]. Yaqub, M., C.G. Bailey., P. Nedwell., Q.U.Z. Khan., I. Javed. (2013), "Strength and stiffness of post-heated columns repaired with ferrocement and fibre reinforced polymer jackets." Composites Part B: Engineering,Vol. 44.1 , pp. 200-211.
[5]. Sangeetha, P., and R. Sumathi. (2010), "Behaviour of glass fibre wrapped concrete columns under uniaxial compression." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol. 1.1, pp. 74-83.

Abstract: The urban infrastructure has experienced great challenges due to the increase in the population and consequently growth of the vehicle fleet. The traffic light intersections are among the main factors to optimize the urban road systems aiming to achieve the efficiency of the infrastructure system. The flow saturation can be used to synchronize the traffic cycles applying detection and control traffic technologies taking into account the huge amount of the collected traffic data. This work applies then data mining techniques to calibrate the saturation flow and its robustness is shown being validated by the Shanteau[1] and the Highway Capacity Manual [2] methods..

Key words: Traffic Congestion, Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram, Saturation flow, Data Mining.

[1]. Shanteau, R. M. 1988. Using Cumulative Curves ToMensure Saturation Flow and Lost Time. ITE Journal. 1988, Vol. 58, 10, pp. 27-31 Manual, High Capacity. Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, USA, 2000.
[2]. Manual, H. C. (2000). Highway capacity manual. Washington, DC, 2.
[3]. McKenney, D., & White, T. (2013). Distributed and adaptive traffic signal control within a realistic traffic simulation. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 26(1), 574-583.
[4]. Garcia-Nieto, J., Olivera, A. C., & Alba, E. (2013). Optimal cycle program of traffic lights with particle swarm optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 17(6), 823-839.
[5]. Tan, H., Wu, Y., Shen, B., Jin, P. J., & Ran, B. (2016). Short-term traffic prediction based on dynamic tensor completion. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 17(8), 2123-2133.

Abstract: Background: Worldwide, asbestos is a widely used roofing material in the construction field. In Sri Lanka, 85% of its people use asbestos as a roofing material. According to the World Health Organization, fibers including in asbestos are the most harmful occupational carcinogens. Therefore, the government of Sri Lanka has banned asbestos roofing sheets since 2018 in Sri Lanka.Fibers of coir, bamboo, corn skin, and polythene of rice sacks were considered as alternative materials that can be collected easily. Two samples were taken for each fiber type by changing fiber proportion and testing was carried out....

Key Word: asbestos; alternative; fibers; corn; bamboo..

[1]. World Health Organization. 2017. International Programme On Chemical Safe. [online].‟Available from‟: https://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/asbestos/en/ [Accessed 16 January 2018].
[2]. Eastwood, P., Takahashi, K., Lee, P., and Maher, T., 2011. Year in review 2010: Interstitial lung diseases, acute lung injury, sleep, physiology, imaging, bronchoscopy intervention, and lung cancer. Respirology, 16(3), pp.553-563.
[3]. Takahashi, K., n.d. Respiratory Medicine. Wiley Online Library. [online]. "Available from‟: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com [Accessed 10 February 2017].
[4]. (2015, October 14). Retrieved from Presidential secretariat Sri Lanka: http://www.presidentsoffice.gov.lk
[5]. Archives.sundayobserver.lk. 2015. Banning Asbestos to Save Lives. [online].‟Available from‟: http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2015/12/13/fea08.asp ["Accessed‟ 9 January 2016]..

Abstract: In this paper, the preview control for lane keeping in automated highway systems was studied. Assuming that the information of lateral offset to the lane center line can be obtained by using the onboard
sensors, with single point look-ahead method, based on lateral vehicle dynamics model, the mathematical model of vehicle lateral position error and yaw angle error was established, the control law for lane keeping was
designed by applying terminal sliding mode method. By using Lyapunov function method, the asymptotic stability of the lateral position error was obtained.

Keywords - automated highway systems, lane keeping, sliding mode control, preview mechanism

[1]. Ren Dianbo，Cui Shengmin, Wu Hangzhe. Preview Control for Lane Keeping and Its Steady-state Error Analysis. Automotive
Engineering, 2016, 38(2):192-199.
[2]. RICCARDO M, STEFANO S, MARIANA N. Integrated driver and active steering control for vision-based lane keeping. European Journal of Control, 2012, 18(5): 473-484.
[3]. SURYANARAYANAN S, TOMIZUKA M, SUZUKI T. Design of simultaneously stabilizing controllers and its application to fault-tolerant lane-keeping controller design for automated vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2004, 12(3):329-339.
[4]. LI Yinong YANG Liu, ZHENG Ling, et al. Vehicle longitudinal and lateral coupling control based on sliding mode control. China Mechanical Engineering, 2007, 18(7): 866-870.
[5]. SURYANARAYANAN S, TOMIZUKA M. Appropriate sensor placement for fault-tolerant lane-Keeping control of
automated vehicles. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2007, 12(4):465-471.

Abstract: Construction Industry has a vital role in the economic development of any country. Construction time serves as a benchmark for assessing the performance of the construction projects. Due to unforeseen problems encountered during Conception, designing and construction phase often led to unwanted delay in projects completion.
Corona COVID-19 continues to spread around the world; it has an impact on construction projects performance. Parties of construction projects should keep in mind as they evaluate their response to project delays and closures, safety concerns and workforce unavailability. The paper illustrates brief guidance for Covid-19 Workforce Protection. It also highlights the impact of corona precautions on economics and construction projects. It also discusses delay in construction projects regarding corona spread. Through the results of the questionnaire and interviews with experts, recommendations are offered to minimize corona COVID-19 effects. According to the questionnaire results, the top causes of delay are cleared.

Keywords - Pandemic, coronaviruses, Covid-19, gross domestic production, delay, workforce, construction sector.

[1]. World Bank Group, Egypt Overview -Egypt Economic Growth2020 | MacroTrend,www.worldbank.org.Accessed September, 2020.
[2]. ConstructionleadershipCouncilCLC,ObtainingSuretyDuringCOVID19,https://www.constructionleadershipcouncil.co.uk. Accessed July, 2020.
[3]. Jenn Goodman March 23 2020 Coronavirus impacts could have ripple effect on US construction inJenn Goodman industry https://www.constructiondive.com/news/coronavirus
[4]. Sadi A. Assaf ,Sadiq Al-Hejji, Causes of delay in large construction projects Construction Engineering and Management Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (2005).
[5]. Assaf, S., and Al-Hejji, S.,Causes of delay in large constructionprojects. International Journal of Project Management, (2006),24(4), pp.349–357.

Abstract: With increasing environmental pressure to minimize solid wastes and to reuse it as much as possible, concrete making has selected some techniques to fulfill this aim. This job attempts to determine the effects of utilizing waste glass (WG) as a partial substitution of sand on ordinary concrete and also glass fibers (GF) reinforced concrete. The WG was used in concrete mixes as a partial substitution of sand (fine aggregate) at proportions 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 80%. Silica fume (SF) was added in concrete mixes as a partial substitution of the cement weight by 10%, and also GF added by1% ratio from the cement weight. In terms of all waste glass substitution ratios, some hardened and fresh concrete properties were evaluated in this research. The tensile strength and compressive strength of ordinary concrete at 20% WG replacement content increased by around 12% and 15%, respectively, related to the reference mixes.

Keywords - crushed waste glass, compressive strength, silica fume,tensile strength, glass fibers

[1]. Sun Kim, So YeongChoi ,EunIk Yang, Evaluation of durability of concrete substituted heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate, Constr. Build. Mater. 184 (2018) 269– 277.
[2]. C. Shi, K. Zheng, A review on the use of waste glasses in the production of cement and concrete, Resour. Conserv. Recycle 52 (2007) 234–247.
[3]. H.Y. Wang, A study of the effects of LCD glass sand on the properties of concrete, Waste Manage. (Oxford) 29 (2009) 335–341.
[4]. K.H. Tan, H. Du, Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part Ⅰ – fresh, mechanical and durability properties, Cem. Concr.Compos. 35 (2013) 109–117.
[5]. S.B. Park, B.C. Lee, J.H. Kim. Studies on mechanical properties of concrete containing waste glass aggregate, Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (2004) 2181–2189.

Abstract: Background: This paper described exploring the possibility to construct a theory of Systems Architecture archipelago through a review of the definition of the idea and Architectural Theory archipelago as a body of knowledge, identification systems and source Architectural Theory, the theory and scope of the various options that are right for problematization of Architectural Theory archipelago, and the opening of the realm of theorizing and determining new development strategies and development of System Architecture Theory archipelago. This is the same as it has.....

Keywords - Nusantara Theory Architecture, the concept of urban development

[1]. Cahoone, Lawrence E, From Modernisme To Postmodernism, Blackwell Publishers 1996
[2]. Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, From The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, from the book "From Modernisme To Postmodernism," Blackwell Publishers 1996.
[3]. Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism, from the book "From Modernisme To Postmodernism," Blackwell Publishers 1996.
[4]. Karl Max & Friedrich Engels, Bourgeois and Proletarians, from the book "From Modernisme To Postmodernism," Blackwell Publishers 1996
[5]. Le Corbusier, From Towards a New Architecture, from the book "From Modernisme To Postmodernism," Blackwell Publishers 1996.

Abstract: Carbon Fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)cables are advantageous over steel cables such as their lightweight, high ultimate tension, and relatively lower elastic modulus. In this research, the static and dynamic behaviorof a 1500m central span cable-stayed bridge with CFRP and steel cables is analyzed and compared using a numerical finite element model.The geometric non-linearity was analyzed for the dead load, live load, and temperature load case.The live load includes the pedestrian and primary vehicle load according to BS 5400:2 on the steel deck. The results indicate that the cable tension for CFRP is less than Steel cables, however, the vertical displacement of the girder is higher in CFRP than in steel cables. The temperature load effect of the steel cables in the girder is greater than CFRP cables because of the relatively high linear thermal expansionof steel. In the modal analysis, the lateral bending frequency of CFRP is lower than steel but the vertical vibration and torsional frequency mode of the CFRP cable is relatively high. In conclusion, the static and dynamic response indicates that CFRP cables is an optimized substitute for steel stays and can be applied in longspan bridges..

Key Word: CFRP Cables; Cable-Stayed Bridge; Geometric Non-linearity; Live Load; Temperature Load; Static and Dynamic analysis

[1] Kuihua, M., et al., Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges Using CFRP Cables. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2017. 2017: p. 11.
[2] Pedro, J. and A. Reis, Composite cable-stayed bridges: state of the art. 2015. 1-26.
[3] Granata, M.F., et al., Construction sequence analysis of long-span cable-stayed bridges. Engineering Structures, 2018. 174: p. 267-281.
[4] Lozano-Galant, J.A., et al., Analysis of the construction process of cable-stayed bridges built on temporary supports. Engineering Structures, 2012. 40: p. 95-106.
[5] Sham, S.H.R. and T.A. Wyatt, Construction aerodynamics of cable-stayed bridges for record spans: Stonecutters Bridge. Structures, 2016. 8: p. 94-110.

Abstract: Infrastructures are also important coastal defence constructions that are key in shielding coastal areas against erosion, storm surges, and the emerging risks of climate change. Modular caissons and breakwaters have presented new technological innovations in subsurface and marine construction projects among the many technologies accomplished in the construction process of marine constructions that people have developed. With developments in these technologies in the recent past, the survey examines their use in coastal defence systems. Modular.........

Key Word: Modular Caisson, Breakwater Construction, Coastal Defense, Underwater Construction, Marine Infrastructure

[1]. Aliyah, Y., Mahroza, J., Alam, T. M., Sutanto, R., Patmi, S., & Prakoso, L. Y. (2024). Strengthening Naval Diplomacy RI-US in Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance through Cooperation Afloast Readiness and Training 2024. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 6(3), 1285–1300. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v6i3.2088
[2]. Agate, J., Ballinger, R., & Ward, R. D. (2024). Satellite remote sensing can provide semi-automated monitoring to aid coastal decision-making. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108639
[3]. Choudhary, S., & Martha, S. C. (2024). Mitigation of Wave Force on a Tunnel in the Presence of Submerged Porous Plate Over Trench-Type Bottom Topography. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 146(3). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063943
[4]. Forcelini, M., Maghous, S., & Schnaid, F. (2024). A limit analysis approach to uplift bearing capacity of shallow plate anchors in marine environments. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 48(4), 1060–1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.3676
[5]. Guo, H., Wang, J., & Liu, C. (2019). Evaluation on anti-collision performance of multi-level bumper type anti-collision device. In 20th Congress of IABSE, New York City 2019: The Evolving Metropolis - Report (pp. 433–436). International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). https://doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0432.