iosr-JMCE   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2021

Abstract: The sliding wear behavior of cryo treated hybrid aluminium matrix composite of Al6061 and its reinforcement with 2.5% SiC + 5% TiO2 is carried out to ascertain which constituent and parameter is having more influence on the wear resistance of the metal matrix composites. The cryogenic treatment on metals and nonferrous metals gives a new born crystal structure of uniformly dispersed molecules at micro level. This favors for longer wear and durability of material. The hybrid composite material is prepared by stir casting process. The wear and frictional properties of hybrid metal matrix composite are studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin on disc wear tester. The experiments are conducted at a constant sliding velocity of 1.04 m/s and a sliding distance of 628 m over a various loads of 3, 4 and 5 kg. The result shows that, the reinforcement SiC and TiO2 has improved the wear resisting.....

Key words: Al6061 alloy hybrid composite, Dry sliding wear ,wear mechanism, cryogenic processing.

[1]. Essam R.I. Mahmoud, Makoto Takahashi, Toshiya Shibayanagi, Kenji Ikeuchi 2010 " Wear characteristics of surfaces- hybrid- MMCs layer fabricated on aluminium plate by friction stir processing" Int Journal of Wear 268, pp 1111 – 1121.
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[6]. Umanath .K, Selvamani .S T, Palanikumar.K July 2011 " Friction and wear behavior of Al6061(SiCp+Al2O3p) Hybrid composites" IJEST- Vol .3.

Abstract: In the search for solutions that increasingly improve the aesthetics of buildings, the optical fiber stands out for allowing light to pass through the ambients. Thus, this work aimed to produce mortar blocks with translucent potential using optical fiber. The experimental procedure consisted of making a fluid mortar in the proportion of 1:3, which was placed in 12x12 cm wooden molds, together with the functional components of the optical fiber. After making and drying the mortar blocks, it was possible to identify the transfer of light inside the blocks, which was provided by the introduction of the layers of the optical fiber components. In addition to the effects observed, the reuse of network cables containing the optical fiber in their interior encourages the principles of sustainability in civil construction. The translucent.......

Keywords: Mortar; Translucent Mortar; Optical fiber; Civil Construction; Lighting.

[1]. A. Giacomelli, and C. Mantovani. Concreto translúcido: a nova tendência estética na construção, 12° Encontro Científico Cultural Interinstitucional. 2014; ISSN 1980-7406, 14 p.
[2]. L.M.C. Restrepo. Concreto translúcido: estudo experimental sobre a fabricação de painéis de concreto com fibra ótica e as suas aplicações na arquitetura (in Portuguese) Dissertation of MSc, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, University of Brasilia. 2013; 178 p.
[3]. Su, X., Zhang, L., Liu, Z., Luo, Y., Lian, J., Liang, P. Daylighting performance simulation and analysis of translucent concrete building envelopes, Renewable Energy. 2020; 154, 754-766.
[4]. Ahuja, A., and Mosalam, K. M. Evaluating energy consumption saving from translucent concretebuilding envelope, Energy and Buildings. 2017; 153, 448–460.
[5]. J. He, Z. Zhou, J. Ou, M. Huang. Study on smart transparent concrete product and its performances, in: The 6th International Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology ANCRiSST2011, Dalian, China. 2011; 13 p.

Abstract: In this research, an alpha Stirling engine having phase angle and air as a working fluid is investigated. Regenerator simulation is performed on various pressure ranges, mesh sizes, temperature ratios and engine speeds. The focus of research is kept on analysis of effect of regenerator length, wire mesh size, wire mesh arrangement, porosity of mesh and wire mesh material on regenerator effectiveness. The theoretical study is made for above parameters and simulated with software. Study concluded that increased regenerator length leads to decrease in pressure drop which results into reduction in break power of the engine. Pressure drop in oscillating flow is nearly doubles compare to pressure drop in steady one directional flow. Regenerator effectiveness increases with mesh size with expense of......

Keywords: Regenerator effectiveness, Matrix material, Pressure drop, Wire mesh size.

[1]. Bancha Kongtragool,Somchai Wongwises, Thermodynamic analysis of a Stirling engine including dead volumes of hot space, cold space and regenerator,(2005),Renewable Energy 31 (2006), pp 345–359
[2]. Ignacio Carvajal et. Al., Methodology for Analysis of the Performance of Mesh-type Regenerators,(2014), Researches and Applications in Mechanical Engineering (RAME) Vol. 3, pp 86-92
[3]. Yoshitaka Kato, Kazunari Baba, Empirical estimation of regenerator efficiency for a low temperature differential Stirling engine, (2014), R120enewable Energy 62 pp- 285-292
[4]. Christoph Bergmann and JosevAlberto, Numerical prediction of the instantaneous regenerator and in cylinder heat transfer of a Stirling engine (1991),International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 15, pp 623-635
[5]. Radebaugh, R., O'Gallagher, A., and Gary, J., Regenerator behavior at 4 K: Effect of volume andPorosity, (2002),Adv. in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 47B, Amer. Institute of Physics, Melville, NY pp. 961-968..

Abstract: Background: The construction sector across the globe has been tremendously affected by the spread of COVID-19 virus. The issues of contractual obligations, availability of resources, deliverables, health and safety measures and project delays or cancellations are major concern for construction industry. The study was focused on the identification of the impact spectrum and analyzing their significance for in case of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: This methodology is based on the web questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was sent to 180 respondents from September 3rd to 28th September. 150 responses were received and have been analyzed descriptively; Relative Important Index (RII) and qualitative analysis were used for conclusion and recommendation.......

Keywords: Covid-19, Impact, Construction, Safety.

[1]. Jebril, N. (2020). World Health Organization declared a pandemic public health menace: A systematic review of the coronavirus disease 2019 "COVID-19", up to 26th March 2020. Available at SSRN 3566298. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340379016_World_Health_Organization_declared_a_pandemic_public_health_menace_A_systematic_review_of_the_COVID-19_up_to_26_th_March_2020
[2]. Government of Nepal, Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers( 2020) https://www.opmcm.gov.np/en/cabinet/
[3]. Laing, T. (2020). The economic impact of the Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-2019): Implications for the mining industry. The Extractive Industries and Society. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161495/
[4]. Critelli, J., Sahota, R., & Jbara, K. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on construction project. Protiviti. https://www.protiviti.com/sites/default/files/united_states/insights/impact-covid-19-construction-projects-pov-protiviti.pdf
[5]. Brown, S., Brooks, R. D., & Dong, X. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on construction workers and businesses. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/95397.

Abstract: As engineering designs become more complex, the conventional manufacturing design methods are becoming more and more time consuming and costly. The use of Computer Aided Engineering tools has been able to greatly eliminate the design restrictions previously faced by manufacturers. One of the methods that are used to solve the complex systems of the engineering designs is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) which is the most well-known method used in Computer Aid Engineering (CAE). This study uses SolidWorks simulation to carry on FEA in order to test and verify the redesigned part of a front end telescopic hydraulic cylinder, which is important for the proper operation.....

Keywords: Redesign, 3D model, FEA, SolidWorks simulation, CAE..

[1]. Churazova A. (2018). Designing More Durable Consumer Products with FEA. https://www.simscale.com/blog/2017/06/durable-consumer-products/
[2]. Cottrell J. A., Hughes T. J. R & Bazilevs Y. (2009). Isogeometric analysis toward integration ofcad and FEA, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd pg
[3]. Finite Element Analysis Software (2020). https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/finite-element-analysis Retrieved on: 19.18.2020.
[4]. Hague R, Mansour S & Saleh N. (2013). Design opportunities with rapid manufacturing. Assembly Automation, 23/4: 346-356
[5]. Kurowski P. M. (2017). Teaching Finite Element Analysis for Design Engineers, SAE International.

Abstract: Contractual Disputes are common in construction industry. Areas of contractual disputes in infrastructure projects often include schedule performance, payment, quality of works and variations. Dispute resolution processes provide platform for parties to assert their entitlements. However, if not promptly, effectively and consensually resolved, disputes often result into poor relationship between contracting parties, compromise of quality and scope, poor cash flows, suspension/abandonment of works and even termination of contracts. Effective dispute resolution process should take into consideration the commercial and environmental factors that preserve relationships for future business opportunities. Dispute resolution processes should also be alive to contractual provisions and enabling......

Keywords: Business Strategy; Contract Operational Environment; Resolution of Contractual Disputes.

[1]. Agapiou Andred (2011). UK Construction Participants' experience of adjudication. Management Procurement and Law. Institute of Civil Engineers. 166(1).
[2]. Agawal V and Owasonoye B (2001). Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods. Paper presented in UNITAR Sub-regional workshop. Geneva.
[3]. Ahmed M. Syed, Castillo Maurcio and Kappangantula Pragnya(2009). Construction Delay in Florida: An Empirical Study. Florida International University, Miami U SA
[4]. Alkin, M.A. & Christie, C. A. (2004). An evaluation theory tree. In M.C. Alkin (Ed), Evaluation roots: tracing theorist's views and influences (12- 63). CA: Sage
[5]. Ayudhya N. I.B (2011). Common disputes related to public work projects in Thailand. Songklanakarin. Journal of Science and Technology. 33(5), 565 – 573

Abstract: Distilleries are one of the most polluting industries generating large volume of wastewater having a serious environmental concern. The aim of this work is to study the treatment of grain based distillery spent wash by a downflow digester. The digester was fabricated and packed with polyvinyl chloride pipe pieces and it was air tight sealed to maintain anaerobic conditions. The start up period, stability and performance of this digester were assessed at influent temperature 320C. Parameters such as pH and biogas were analysed daily, COD and BOD were analysed at selected HRT. The digester showed maximum COD and BOD removal efficiency of 84.19% and 86.37% at Organic loading rate (OLR) of 13.33 kgCOD/m3.d. Start up period required by the digester was 48 days. Maximum biogas production was observed 2.355 L/d at 1 day HRT. BOD and COD removal increased as the HRT decreased from 6 to 3 days. A decline removal was noticed after HRT reduced from 3 to 1 day. Thus AFBD digester can be used for treating distillery wastewater and for producing biogas. This approach could be used to develop a cost-effective, eco-friendly biotechnology package for the bioremediation of spent wash before its disposal.....

Keywords: Grain based distillery wastewater, downflow digester, anaerobic digestion, biogas

[1]. Garcia-Bernet, D., Buffiere, P., Elmaleh, S., and Moletta, R., "Application of the Down-flow Fluidized Bed to the Anaerobic Treatment of Wine Distillery Wastewater." Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 38, N. 8-9, pp. 393-399, 1998.
[2]. Kennedy, K. J., and Drostey, R. L., "Startup of Anaerobic Downflow Stationary Fixed Film (DSFF) Digester." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 27, pp. 1152-1165, 1985.
[3]. Kennedy, K. J., Hamoda, M. F., and Droste, R. L., "Kinetics of Downflow Anaerobic Attached Growth Digesters." Water Environment Federation, Vol. 59, Issue 4, pp. 212-221, 1987.
[4]. Khandekar, Y. S. and Shinkar N. P., "Distillery spent wash biological treatment techniques: A Review," International Journalof Innovative Research in Advanced engineering (IJIRAE) vol. 7, issue 03, pp. 252-258, March 2020.
[5]. Khandekar, Y. S. and Shinkar N. P., "Treatment methods of distillary spent wash: a review," International Journalof Engineering Science Invention, vol. 8, issue 01, pp. 17-23, Jan. 2019

Abstract: The anaerobic digestion (AD) with downflow digester is an effective and novel approach to treat grain-based effluent of the distillery plant. This treatment was carried out in a 8 litres capacity digester for different parameters such as influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), temperature (mesophilic and thermophilic) and nutrient. When influent COD was 60 kg/m3 and 40 kg/m3, for mesophilic condition 320C temperature was found to be optimal. Maximum COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reduced upto 83.83% and 85.98% at 320C. The feeding of nutrient which enhanced COD and BOD removal efficiency of distillery spent wash. At nutrient concentration of 4 g/l, highest COD and BOD reduction were observed. Biogas were also analysed at different temperatures conditions and nutrient concentration. It was noted that biogas production was maximum for such optimal conditions.

Keywords: Grain baseddistilleryspentwash, anaerobic digestion, temperature, nutrient

[1]. Garcia-Bernet, D., Buffiere, P., Elmaleh, S., and Moletta, R., "Application of the Down-flow Fluidized Bed to the Anaerobic Treatment of Wine Distillery Wastewater." Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 38, N. 8-9, pp. 393-399, 1998.
[2]. Kennedy, K. J., and Drostey, R. L., "Startup of Anaerobic Downflow Stationary Fixed Film (DSFF) Digester." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 27, pp. 1152-1165, 1985.
[3]. Kennedy, K. J., Hamoda, M. F., and Droste, R. L., "Kinetics of Downflow Anaerobic Attached Growth Digesters." Water Environment Federation, Vol. 59, Issue 4, pp. 212-221, 1987.
[4]. Khandekar, Y. S. and Shinkar N. P., "Distillery spent wash biological treatment techniques: A Review," International Journalof Innovative Research in Advanced engineering (IJIRAE) vol. 7, issue 03, pp. 252-258, March 2020
[5]. Khandekar, Y. S. and Shinkar N. P., "Treatment methods of distillary spent wash: a review," International Journalof Engineering Science Invention, vol. 8, issue 01, pp. 17-23, Jan. 2019