iosr-JMCE   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. – Oct. 2023

Abstract: The thermal conductivity of liquids plays a crucial role in various engineering and scientific applications, such as heat transfer analysis, fluid flow modeling, and energy systems design. While the measurement of thermal conductivity in solids is well-established, assessing liquid thermal conductivity is intricate due to convective heat transfer and molecular complexity. Accurate measurement of liquid thermal conductivity is essential for understanding and optimizing thermal performance in these applications. The Hot Wire Method, Modified Hot Wire Method and Radial Heat Conduction Apparatus are widely used techniques for determining the thermal conductivity of liquids......

Keywords: Thermal Conductivity of Liquid, Modified Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus, Perforated Plate

[1]. C. Codreanu, N. I. Codreanu, V. V. N. Obreja, "Experimental Set-Up For The Measurement Of The Thermal Conductivity Of Liquids", Romanian Journal Of Information Science And Technology, Vol. 10, 4-13, May-2003.
[2]. Hans M. Roder, Richard A. Perkins, And Arno Laesecke, "A Transient Hot Wire Thermal Conductivity Apparatus For Fluids", Journal Of Research National Bureau Of Standards, Vol. 86, 6-15, September-October 1981.
[3]. M. Bomberg And K.R. Solvason, "Precision And Accuracy Of Guarded Hot Plate Method", International Thermal Conductivity Conference, 15 June 1981.
[4]. C.A. Nieto De Castro, S.F.Y. Li, A. Nagashima, R.D. Trengove And Wakeham, "Standard Reference Data For Thermal Conductivity Of Liquids", J. Physics Chemistry Reference Data, Vol. 15, 5-14, 9 January 1996.
[5]. Robert R. Zarr, William M. Healy, "Design Concept For New Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus For Use Over An Extended Temperature Range", Astm International Standards, Vol. 4, 106-111, 2002.

Abstract: Despite the gradual professionalization of the construction sector and the abundance of sand extraction sites in the eastern DRC town of Butembo, local builders' lack of knowledge of materials persists. In the present work, the physical characterization of the river sands of Thalihya, Mutinga, Musienene, Kimemi, Kihuli, Kaliva and Kalengera has been carried out. Experimental laboratory studies show that Kalengera sand requires washing before it is used in concrete because it has a sand equivalent of less than 70%, i.e. 44.81%. All the other sands have a sand equivalent of more than 70%, indicating that these materials are clean sands for making concrete. The materials of the Mutinga River, Kaliva and Kalengera, have a spread out and well graduated particle size. However, the materials.....

Keywords: River Sand, Concrete, Materials, Characterization

[1]. Ally Alinabiwe Nyamuhanga, Abdias Muhindo Wa Muhindo Et François Ngapgue, «Etude Comparative Des Propriétés Des Bétons Formulés À Base De Granulats Concassés Et Différents Ciments De La Ville De Goma,» L'analyste Topique, Pp. 137-149, 2018.
[2]. Sahani Muhindo, Le Contexte Urbain Et Climatique Des Risques Hydrologiques De La Ville De Butembo (Nord-Kivu/RDC), Thèse, Novembre 2011, Université De Liège..
[3]. Sahani Muhindo, Moeyersons Jan, Vandecasteele Ine, Trefois Philippe Et Ozer Pierre, «Evolution Des Caractéristiques Pluviométriques Dans La Zone Urbaine De Butembo (RDC) De 1957 À 2010,» Geo-Eco-Trop., Vol. 36, Pp. 121-136, 2012.
[4]. Muhindo Balthazare, «Analyse Des Facteurs De La Croissance Démographique Dans La Ville De Butembo De 1999-2020,» Multidisciplinary Research Academic Journal (MDRAJ), Vol. 7, Pp. 43-55, 2022.

Abstract: In today's era of industrialization, heat exchangers play a crucial role in energy consumption and are extensively used in mechanical and chemical industries. To minimize energy consumption and enhance thermal conductivity, industries are recognizing the benefits of using Nanofluids and nanoparticles in heat exchangers instead of conventional fluids.The double-pipe heat exchanger is a common type, where one fluid flows inside a pipe, and another fluid flows between that pipe and another surrounding pipe. The flow in a double-pipe heat exchanger can be either co-current or counter-current, and various factors such as inlet temperatures, flow rates, fluid properties, and composition......

Keywords: Al2O3, TiO2, Heat exchanger, Nanofluid.

[1]. Weerapun Duangthong Suk& Somchai Wongwises, "Heat Transfer Enhancement And Pressure Drop Characteristics Of Tio2 Water Nanofluid In A Double-Tube Counter Flow Heat Exchanger", International Journal Of Heat And Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, Pp. 2059 2067 (2009).
[2]. Eiamsa-Ard, S. And Kiatkittipong, K., 2014. Heat Transfer Enhancement By Multiple Twisted Tape Inserts And Tio2/Water Nanofluid. Applied Thermal Engineering, 70(1), Pp.896-924.
[3]. T. Mohankumar, K. Rajan, K. Sivakumar And V. Gopal "Experimental Analysis Of Heat Transfer Characteristics Of Heat Exchanger Using Nano Fluids" IOP Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering, Volume 574, International Conference On Materials Engineering And Characterization 8–10 (2019).
[4]. Arulprakasajothi, M., 2015. Experimental Investigation On Heat Transfer Effect Of Conical Strip Inserts In A Circular Tube Under Laminar Flow. Front Energy.
[5]. Avinashsavekar, Dhiraj Jangid, Madhura Gurjar, Vikrant Patil And Sewatkar. C.M, "Analysis Of Heat Transfer In Pipe With Twist Tape Inserts", Proceedings Of The 2nd International Conference On Fluid Flow, Heat And Mass Transfer, Canada, April 30 To May 1, Pp 143, 1-8. (2015).

Abstract: The slab without beams resting directly on supports is what is meant by the term "Flat Slab" (like columns & or walls). Large Bending Moment & Shear Forces are therefore created in close vicinity to the columns. With a flat slab building approach, the beams used in more traditional construction methods are eliminated. The slab is fully supported by the column, and the weight of the slab is transferred directly to the columns before being delivered to the foundation. The thickness of the slab close to the column's support is raised to handle enormous loads; these are known as drops. In addition, columns are often equipped with expanded heads known as column heads or caps. Lack of.....

Keywords: Flat Slabs, flexure shear, Drop, ETABS software, Punching shear, Shearbands, Shear reinforcement; Shear stirrups.

[1]. Plain And Reinforced Concrete Code Of Practise, Indian Standard 456:2000.
[2]. Indian Standard No. 10262, "Recommended Parameters For Concrete Mix Design," Indian Standard Bur. Indian Standard, Vol. 1982, 2009.
[3]. Failure Analysis Of Symmetric Flat-Slab Column Connections With Shear Reinforcement In Proceedings Of The 2011 IEEE Symposium In Prague, By Dan Vasile Bompa And Traian One, ISBN 978-80-87158-29 6.
[4]. Building Code Specifications For Structural Concrete, ACI 318-2011.
[5]. Bulletin D47, Portland Cement Association, Research And Development Labs, Skokie, Illinois, Moe J., "Shearing Strength Of Reinforced Concrete Slabs And Footings Under Concentrated Stress," 1961.

Abstract: Light brick is now starting to be widely used for wall construction to replace red brick or bricks. It is more water- and fire-resistant and lighter, making it one of the most popular types of concrete. This precast is in great demand in many construction circles. The light brick is also relatively stronger than the red brick, which is more brittle. The light material also makes work more efficient and faster. This research method uses experimental research methods. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Lamongan sand through light brick-making tests, where light brick composition with a ratio of 25.65% cement, 51.31% fine sand, and stone ash 2.85% and 10.01% fly ash and foam....

Keywords: light brick, Lamongan Sand, compressive strength test, absorption test

[1]. Putri Oktaviani, Aidil Abrar, And Wan Fadli. 2015. Studi Eksperimental Pembuatan Batu Bata Ringan Dengan Memakai Additive Foam Agent. Padang: Proceedings Of The 2nd Andalas Civil Engineering National Conference, August 13, 2015.
[2]. Raditya Hardianto, Erwin Sutandar, And Asep Supriyadi. Studi Experimental Bata Ringan Foam Agent (Busa) Dengan Variasi Pemakaian Air, Department Of Civil Engineering, University Of Tanjung Pura
[3]. Joglekar, S. N., R. A. Kharkar, S. A. Mandavgane, & B. D. Kulkarni. Sustainability Of Bricks For Low-Cost Housing: A Comparison Between Waste-Based Bricks And Burnt Clay Bricks, Sustainable Cities And Society, 2018. 37, 396–406.
[4]. J. Thivya, M., Saranya, J. Vijayaraghavan, A Study Of Manufacturing And Experimental Behaviour Of Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) Bricks, International Journal Of Innovative Research In Science, Engineering, And Technology (IJIRSET), 7(5), (2018), 469-476.
[5]. Kua, H.W., & Kamath, S. An Attributional And Consequential Life Cycle Assessment Of Substituting Concrete With Bricks. J. Clean. 2014. Prod., 81, 190–200.

Abstract: Micro-hydropower plants are used to supply electricity to the rural and off-grid areas of most developing countries like Tanzania. Their power capacity ranges from 5 kW to 100 kW which is equivalent to supply electricity from few households to several villages. The challenges that have influenced to undertake this research project are centred on the possibility of designing and developing a novel micro-hydro turbine system that can meet the dynamic load demand from the rural off-grid users and at the same time achieve high energy utilization efficiency with minimum energy losses using integrated renewable energy storage technologies such as a hydrogen energy storage. The method used in this research study is based on the field work and site data measurements together....

Keywords: Micro-hydropower, Hhaynu river, Rural and off-grid area, kW, Mbulu, Tanzania

[1]. C. S. Kaunda, C.Z.K.A.P.M.N., The Development Of Micro Hydro For Rural Energy Supply In Tanzania. International Journal On Hydropower And Dams 6, 2012a. 19(No. 6): P. 60-67.
[2]. Kruti Gupta, K.K.S.A.B.S. Standalone And Hybrid Systems: A Survey. In Ijca Proceedings On National Conference On Advancements In Alternate Energy Resources For Rural Applications December 2015. Aera 2015.
[3]. Gwang'ombe, K.T.K.A.F., Challenges In Small Hydropower Development In Tanzania: Rural Electrification Perspective, In International Conference On Small Hydropower-Hydro 2007: Sri Lanka. P. 24.
[4]. Klunne, W.J., Small Hydropower Development In Africa. Esi Africa, 2007(2).
[5]. Klunne, W., Micro And Small Hydropower For Africa. Esi Africa, 2003. 4: P. 22-23

Abstract: Nickel polluted wastewater is directly or indirectly discharged into the environment increasingly, especially in developing countries. It is difficult to remove nickel from wastewater using conventional methods. Efficient method like advanced oxidation process is an important breakthrough in the removal of nickel. This method is referred to as ultrasound assisted advanced oxidation process in the removal of nickel. This study investigated the use of Hydrogen peroxide, Fenton Reagent, ultrasound homogenously and heterogeneously. The removal efficiency of homogenous process and heterogenous process along with the process parameters like concentration of oxidant, effect of pH, Optimum dosage of Oxidants and time taken were investigated.......

Keywords: Nickel; Advanced Oxidation Process; Hydrogen Peroxide, Fenton, Ultrasound; Optimum dose

[1]. Metcalf & Eddy Inc, (2003) Wastewater Engineering: Treatment And Reuse, 4th Eddition. Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private Ltd, New Delhi, India.
[2]. IS 3025-54 (2003): Methods Of Sampling And Test (Physical And Chemical) For Water And Wastewater, Part 54: Nickel [CHD 32: Environmental Protection And Waste Management]
[3]. Fu F., Wangb Q And Tang B., (2009), Fenton And Fenton-Like Reaction Followed By Hydroxide Precipitation In The Removal Of Ni(II) From Niedta Wastewater: A Comparative Study, Chemical Engineering Journal, 155, 769-774.
[4]. Fenglian Fua, Qi Wangb And Bing Tanga Fenton And Fenton-Like Reaction Followed By Hydroxide Precipitation In The Removal Of Ni(II) From Niedta Wastewater: A Comparative Study Chemical Engineering Journal 155 (2009) 769–774
[5]. Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik, Rudi Nugroho, Mira Handayani, Kamilawati, Mochamad A. Pratama (2020), Optimization And Reaction Kinetics On The Removal Of Nickel And COD From Wastewater From Electroplating Industry Using Electrocoagulation And Advanced Oxidation Processes. J.Heliyon.2020.E03319