iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2014

Abstract: This paper discussed the ways of managing recruitment and retention problems in order to guarantee optimum and well motivated health workforce. The demand and supply of Health Human Resource (HHR) with particular reference to nurses is affected by economic pressure, managed care and market led reforms, sociocultural and political influence. The supply of nurses is influenced by changes in the health care system, nursing education, economic condition and nurses' demographics. The strategies for recruiting and retaining an effective nursing workforce may also guide nursing leaders in developing their future recruitment and retention efforts and resource allocation, especially nursing position allocation in financially tight times. Vacancy rates and occupational turnover were identified as basic indicators of Health Human Resource (HHR) policy and planning. Consequences of recruitment and retention problems were identified to include adverse effect on quality of care and cost. It was noted that policy intervention is crucial to keep nurses in the workforce and to improve recruitment. Also identified were policy options used to retain and develop the nursing workforce, some of which includes: policies targeting personal characteristics of nurses, monetary incentives, non-monetary incentives, contextual factors, reducing violence in the workplace and leadership. In conclusion, it was noted that health workers function in a situation of resource scarcity of all kinds. Unfortunately, in resource poor countries, financial reward is likely to assume more importance than in richer countries.

Key words: recruitment and retention, health workforce, nurses, resource allocation

[1]. Martinez J and Martineau T (1998). Rethinking human resources: an agenda for the millennium. Health Policy and Planning, 13, 4, 345-358,Oxford University Press, UK.
[2]. Zurn P, Dal Poz M, Stilwell B and Adams O (2004). Imbalance in the health workforce. health human resources, 2, 13, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.human resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-2-13.
[3]. Awases M, Nyoni J, Gbary A and Chatora R (2003). Migration of health professionals in six countries: a synthesis report. World Health Organization, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Division of Health Systems and Services Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
[4]. Aiken L, Clarke S, Sloane D, Sochalski J, Busse R, et al. (2001). Nurses' reports on hospital care in five countries. Health Affairs, 20, 3, 43-53, Bethesda, MD, USA.
[5]. Holmas H (2002). Keeping nurses at work: a duration analysis. Health Economics, 11, 6, 493-503, University of York, UK.

Abstract: This paper discusses the need to promote professional nursing practice through critical thinking and positive change in attitude towards new knowledge and global advancement. Central to the professional nursing practice is the ability of the nurse to think critically through the application of knowledge and experience, problem solving and decision making skills. Nurses use elements of reasoned thinking to meet the standards for intellectual thought which must be motivated to develop through the attitudes and dispositions of a fair-minded thinker. To reason effectively, nurses must develop skills and abilities essential for sound reasoning which may be affected by the attitude object which may change behaviour and actions. It is important that nurses possess attitudes that are generally commendable and foster improvement in service delivery. This must be seen in the thoughts, speeches and actions of the nurses.

Keywords: Nursing practice, Promote, Critical thinking, Attitudes, Behaviour change Quality care

[1]. Adejumo, P. O., Ilesanmi, R. E., Ofi, A. B., Oluwatosin, O. A., Okanlawon, F. A., Oyetunde, M. O., Odetola, T. D., Ndikom, M. C., Awonuga, O. & Ojewale, L. C. (2011). An overview of consultant nursing specialist in clinical practice in Nigeria. West African Journal of Nursing, 22(2): 76 - 82
[2]. Ambady, N., Rosenthal, R., & Winograd, C. H. (2002). Physical Therapists' Nonverbal Communication Predicts Geriatric Patients' Health Outcomes. Psychology and Aging. American Psychological Association, 17(3): 443 - 452
[3]. Amewonye, F. & Davies, A. E. (2011). Registered Nurses' perception on the use of nonverbal communicative skills in Nursing. West African Journal of Nursing, 22(2): 66 - 77
[4]. Bandman, E.L., & Bandman, B. (1995). Critical thinking in nursing. Norwalk, CN: Appleton and Lange.
[5]. Cervaro R. M. (1985). Continuing professional education and behavioural change: a model for research and evaluation. J Contin Educ Nurs; 16:85–8.

Abstract: In this study an evaluative research approach with pre-experimental design was used. The sampling technique used was non - probability convenient sampling. Data was collected from 60 adolescents from selected higher secondary school Vadodara district. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics Descriptive statistics used were frequency, mean, range and standard deviation. The results of the study is in pre test adolescents were having on average 43.43 % knowledge regarding ill effects of alcohol consumption and mean score was 12.43±2.645 and in post test, average 65.33 % knowledge regarding ill effect of alcohol consumption and mean score was 19.60±2.599.T calculated value of -20.948 which is less than the tabulated value of 2.00 at 0.05 level of significance. So we accept H1 and conclude that there is significant difference between pre-test and posttest knowledge score of adolescents. It is found that from the entire variable only one variable that is domicile significantly associated with pre test knowledge score hence the hypothesis (H2) was partially accepted for these variables.

[1]. Vasumathi. An exploratory study to determine the relationship betweenknowledge and attitude towards alcoholism among Pre University student inMangalore [Master degree in Nursing]; Rajiv Gandhi University of health science 2001.
[2]. Sreevani R. A guide to mental health and psychiatric nursing: Substance abuse. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee publication; 2004. p. 86-90.
[3]. Alcoholism. [Online]. 2008 Aug 16 [cited 2004 Aug 16]; Available from:URL:http://www.WHO.com/htm/org
[4]. Gincy. A study to assess knowledge and attitude of adolescent towards alcoholism in a selected community in Udupi District [Master degree in Nursing]; University of Manipal; 1999.

Abstract: Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon for women indicating her capability for procreation. However this normal phenomenon is not an easy one. It is often associated with some degree of sufferings and embarrassment. The prevalence of menstrual disorders has been recorded as high as 87%(1). Among the menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea is the most common one being reported in half of the women of child bearing age and of these 10% experience incapacitating pain for 1-3 days, every month(2). In 60-90% of adolescent girls in India, dysmenorrhea is a major cause for absenteeism from school or restriction of activities of daily living or social interaction(3). Exercise today is an integral part of normal life for many women. It is clear that there are many health benefits for women who exercise regularly and in moderation. Exercise improves cardiovascular status, increases bone mineral content; improves dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual syndrome symptoms(4,5,6). Dysmenorrhoea is by far the most common & arguably the least understood & addressed complaint.

[1]. Narayan KA et al. Puberty Rituals, Reproductive Knowledge and Health of Adolescent Schoolgirls in South India. Asia Pacific Population Journal. 2011; 16(2):224-236.
[2]. Jameison DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstetrics &Gynaecology. 1996 May; 87: 55-58.
[3]. Avasarala KA, Panchangam S. Dysmenorrhea in different settings: rural-urban. Indian Journal of community Medicine. 2008 Oct; 33(4): 246- 249.
[4]. Balbach L. "What is aerobic exercise; and why I should do it?". Home and fitness. 2002; 5: 110-113.
[5]. Barnard N, Scialli A, Hurlock D. Diet and sex hormone binding globulin, dysmenorrhoea premenstrual symptoms. J. Obstet. 1986; 17(1):340-43.

Abstract: The study assessed the incidence of iatrogenic malnutrition (also known as physician-induced or hospital induced malnutrition) in patients on enteral nutrition in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. A sample of twenty patients (60% male and 40% female) was studied.The result showed that the elderly (55%) and children(15%) were the most affected. Assessments revealed that about 35% of the patients were malnourished. The causes of malnutrition included non-compliance to feeding time, delay in referring patients to the dieticians by physicians and underlying nutritional related diseases such as dysphagia(35%), renal diseases (15%) and sepsis(15%). Effects of malnutrition in patients included paleness, anaemia, oedema, wasting, susceptibility to diseases, and in severe cases death. Recommendations have been made to reduce the incidence and prevent the harsh effects of malnutrition in hospitalized patients.
Keywords: Iatrogenic malnutrition; Clinical nutrition; Dieticians; Hospitalised patients; Enteral nutrition

[1]. American Society of Parental and Enteral Nutrition, (ASPEN).(2002). Guidelines for use of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Adult and Pediatric Patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 26: 18A-1385A.

[2]. American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, (ASPEN).(2007). Nutrition Support Core Curriculum.A Case-Based Approach.The Adult Patient, Silver Spring.Md: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[3]. Antia, F.P.&nAbraham, P. (2002).Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition (4th edition). Pp 433-434

[4]. British Dietetic Association (2006).Malnutrition in Hospitals. Journal of the British Dietetic AssociationBritish Medical Association Illustrated Medical Dictionary. (2008). P.303

[5]. Churchill Livingstone Pocket Medical Dictionary. (1999) pp. 96-165

[6]. Correia, M. (2001). Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Patients undergoing Gastroenterological and Hernia Surgery: An Analysis of 374 Patients, Nutrition Hospital, 16: 5-9

Abstract: Woman abuse is a violation of the rights of women by a socially unacceptable behavior. It has negative impact on the wellbeing of women community. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors affecting women abuse among married women. An objective of the study was to identify the socio- demographic data of the married women, to assess the factors affecting women abuse, and to recognize types of abuses experienced by the women. Analytical survey design was the research methodology. Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique was used for collecting data from married Public Health Nurses and Nursing Teachers. Sample size was 170. Settings of the study were Primary Health Centers and School of Nursing, Port– Said City, Egypt. A semi structured interview schedule was the tool for data collection. Result of the study shows that, among 170 samples, 38.8 % of the subjects were between the age group of 41-50 years. About 34.7 % of the aggressor was husband. Around 41 % of the samples were victims of slapping, 29 % of them were experiencing different forms of physical abuse, and 26% of the subjects were experiencing exposure of violence once in a week. About 54% of the samples were the victims of personal insult and 14% of their husband's were having aggressive behavior. Among 170samples, 14% of the subjects were getting abuse words from their husbands. Around 54% of the subjects were getting abuses in front of their children, so the children were the witness of their father's abuse. out of 170 samples, 46.5% of the sample's husbands were always making quarreling without reason. Women abuse is highly prevalent and dangerous in our population. Nurses play an important role in the restoration of physical and psychological health of these women. Main recommendations of the study was to arrange Women Empowerment Classes for women on self protection, self motivation, and self esteem measures, Promotion and revision of supportive laws for abused women. Arrange counseling sessions for the victims and their families. Finally help the Women to become Self Assertive to overcome the challenges of life.

Key words: Women abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and different forms of violence

[1]. Gil-Gonzales D, Vives-Cases C, Ruiz MT, Carrasco-Portino M, and Alvarez-Dardet C: Childhood experiences of violence in perpetrators as a risk factor of intimate partner violence: a systematic review.J Public Health 2007.advance access: 1–9.
[2]. Piquero AR, Brame R, Fagan J, Moffitt TE: Assessing the offending activity of criminal domestic violence suspects: offense specialization, escalation, and de-escalation evidence from the Spouse Assault Replication Program. Public Health Rep 2006, 121(4):409-418.
[3]. Krantz G, Garcia-Moreno C: Violence against women's Epidemiology Community Health 2005, 59(10):818-821
[4]. Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB: The world report on violence and health. Lancet 2002, 360(9339):1083-1088.
[5]. Kabeer N, Anh TTV, Loi VM: Preparing for the future: forward-looking strategies to promote gender equity in Vietnam. Hanoi: World Bank Group; 2005.