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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | To Study and Compare Patent Law Pertaining To Pharmaceuticals in India, China and US |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Pise Shilpa A. || Pise Ajay G. || Yeole P.G. . |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-1205020106  |
Abstract: Objective: To assess and draw inferences of patent law in India, China and US in Pharmaceuticals Research methodology: This study is based on secondary Data collection from authentic websites of Government agencies, Magazines, Scientific Journals, and News Bulletins. Results: Patent laws of India, China and US are compared with special reference to field of pharmaceuticals. This study focus on some patentability aspects and criteria for pharmaceuticals in mentioned countries Discussion: The study shows that pharmaceuticals are very crucial for patenting as patent increases cost of life saving drugs and deprive people of availing essential drugs..............
Keywords: pharmaceuticals, patents, patentability criteria.
[1]. The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Patent System, http://users.wfu.edu/mcfallta/DIR0/pharma_patents.pdf, accessed on 20.7.16, time: 6:10
[2]. Pharmaceuticals, http://www.brandindiapharma.in/uploads/documents/Pharmaceutical-%20January%202016.pdf, accessed on 2.8.16, time: 6:01am
[3]. 2016 Top Markets Report Pharmaceuticals, http://trade.gov/topmarkets/pdf/Pharmaceuticals_China.pdf, accessed on 6.8.16, time: 11:46pm
[4]. Patents Against People: How Drug Companies Price Patients out of Survival, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/patents-against-people-how-drug-companies-price-patients-out-of-survival, accessed on 11.8.16, time: 11:29pm
[5]. The biotechnology drug revolution, https://www.optum.com/resources/library/bio-technology-drug-revolution-part1.html, accessed on 12.8.16, time: 12:36am.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis of Methanolic leaf Extract of an Endemic Plant Kayea assamica |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Homen Phukan || Chitta R. Bora || Pradip K. Mitra |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1205020716 |
Abstract: Kayea assamica is an endemic plant species of Clusiaceae family found only in Padumoni Park and Dullung Reserved Forest of Lakhimpur district of Assam, India. It has significant ethnopharmacological evidence, but still now has not been scientifically validated. In this present study, the phytocompounds from K. assamica leaves were extracted using methanol as polar solvent and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening followed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The result revealed the presence of important phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and cardiac glycosides which comprises thirty different.........
Keywords: Kayea assamica, endemic, GC-MS, phytochemical screening, bioactive compounds, medicinal plant
[1]. Benmehdi H, Hasnaoui O, Benali O, Salhi F. Phytochemical investigation of leaves and fruits extracts of ChamaeropshumilisL. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 3 (2) (2012) 320-237.
[2]. Prashanth GK, Krishnaiah GM. Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis of the Leaves of PongamiaPinnata Linn.International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, Issue 11, November 2014 17329-17334.
[3]. Krentz, A. J., Bailey, C. J., Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs. Vol. 65, pp 385-411, 2005.
[4]. Gupta RK, Singh RK, Vaishali, Panda SK, Murthy PN, Panigrahi G, Swain SR, Sahoo J. Antihepatotoxic and antioxidant activity of Nardostachysjatamansi against D-galatosamine induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2013 September; 6274-6287.
[5]. Bordoloi M, Mohan S, Barua NC, Dutta SC, Mathur RK, Ghosh AC. An alkylated coumarin from Keyaeassamica.Phytochemistry. vol, 44, No, 5 pp, 939-942.1997.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Potential of Swertia tetragona Edgew |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Bader GN || Naqash A || MirPA || Ali S |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1205021728 |
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Swertia tetragona.Both the extracts of S. tetragona showed good hepatoprotective activity against thioacetamide induced liver injury. Biochemical evidences as normalization of serum parameters(ALP,ALT,Alkaline Phosphatase and GGT), oxidative stress parameters(Lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione), free radical scavengers(Catalase and glutathione peroxidase), phase II drug metabolizing enzymes(glutathione-s-transferase), glutathione metabolizing enzymes (glutathione reductase and G-6-PD), free radical scavengers (SOD and xanthin oxidase) and histopathological evidences provide support to these findings.
Keywords: Swertia tetragona, Hepatoprotective activity, thioacetamide, serum aminotransferases
[1] Kirtikar and Basu. Indian Medicinal Plants. 1993. Edition 2 Lalit Mohan Basu.
[2] Brahmachari G. Neem - an omnipotent plant: A retrospection. Chem. Biochem. 2004;5:408-421.
[3] Hajimehdipoor H, Dijoux-Franca MG, Mariotte AM, Amanzadeh Y, Sadat-Ebrahimi SE, Ghazi-Khansari M. Two new xanthone diglycosides from Swertia longifolia Boiss. Nat Prod Res. 2006;20(13):1251-7.
[4] Patro I. K., Pathak S., Patro N. Central responses to peripheral nerve injury: role of non-neuronal cells, in Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, eds Thakur M. K., Prasad S., editors. (New Delhi: Narosa Publishing House. 2005:217
[5] Menkovic N, Savikin-Fodulovic K, Bulatovic V, Aljancic I, Juranic N, Macura S, Vajs V, Milosavljevic S. Xanthones from Swertia punctata. Phytochemistry. 2002;61:415–420..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Case Report on Gilberts Syndrome Associated With both Denovo Hypertension and Denovo Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sagar Pamu || Sanjana Srikonda || Lakshmi Thakkalapally || Charmila Sahirmayi |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1205022931 |
Abstract: An unsual case was reported in 50 years male patient associated with dual conditions. He came to hospital with chief complaints of mild chest pain, excessive thirst, stress and also severe headache. He is over stressed due to his office work. His abnormal reports were with elevated blood pressure and sugar levels. His urine examination appears pale yellow colour, cloudy and with the presence of sugar, pus cells and epithelial cells. He was treated with amlodipine 5 mg OD, Tab rosuvastatin 20mg HS, Inj IV pantoprazole 40mg OD for his diagnosed conditions. After 4 days under observation patient again reported elevated levels of indirect bilirubin with no hepatic symptoms...........
Keywords: Gilbert's Syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, bilirubin, G6PD[1] Powell LW, Hemingway E, Billing BH, Sherlock S, Idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome): a study of 42 families, N Engl J Med, 277, 1967,1108-1112.
[2] Foulk WT, Butt HR, Owen CA, Jr, Whitcomb FF, Mason HL, Constitutional hepatic dysfunction (Gilbert's disease): its natural history and related syndromes, Medicine (Baltimore), 38, 1959, 25-46.
[3] Clarke DJ, Moghrabi N, Monaghan G, Cassidy A, Boxer M, Hume R, Genetic defects of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1 (UGT1) gene that cause familial non-hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias. Clin Chim Acta, 266, 1997, 63-74.
[4] Bosma PJ, Roy Chowdhury J, Bakker CTM, Gantla S, de Boer A, Oostra BA, The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 in Gilbert's syndrome, N Engl J Med, 333, 1995, 1171-1175.
[5] Sampietro M, Lupica L, Perrero L, Romano R, Molteni V, Fiorelli G, TATA-box mutant in the promoter of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase gene in Italian patients with Gilbert's syndrome, Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 30, 1998, 194-198.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | "A study on the expression pattern of key apoptotic regulators in Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients from the North-East Indian regions" |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Nistha Kashyap || Dr. Kandarpa Kumar Saikia |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1205023239 |
Abstract: Cancer is the result of succession of genetic changes during which a normal cell is transformed into a malignant one. Evasion of cell death is one of the essential changes in a cell that causes this malignant transformation. Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a cancer of the hematopoietic cells which occurs due to mutational inactivation of some important genes or due to genome rearrangement. It is a malignant disease characterized by an accumulation of immature myeloid blast cells in the bone marrow and most often in the peripheral blood. Apoptosis in cancer occurs due to disrupted balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, reduced caspase function and impaired death receptor...........
Keywords: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, apoptosis, cancer, expression, gene[1] Croce CM. Oncogenes and cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008; 358 (5): 502–11
[2] Crosta P. Medical news today, 24 Nov. 2015
[3] Ferrara F, Schiffer C A. Acute myeloid leukemia in adults. Lancet, 2013; 381 (9865): 484-495
[4] Ketley N J, Allen P D et al. Mechanism of resistance to apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia blasts: the role of differentiation-induced perturbations of cell-cycle check points. 2000; 14 ( 4): 620-628
[5] Kola I, Landis J. Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates. Nat Rev Drug Discoverv. 2004; 3: 711–715..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Detection and Assay of Antimycobacterial AgentIsoniazid Utilizing Isocratic High PerformanceLiquid Chromatography |
| Country | : | United States of America |
| Authors | : | Ronald Bartzatt || Purnima Gajmer || Mai Han Cassandra Nguyen || Alexandra My-Hanh Tran |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1205024047 |
Abstract: Isoniazid was assayed by HPLC, utilizing a reversed-phase C-18 column with eluent solvent (5.3% ethanol, 93.7% water, 1% acetic acid). Samples for analysis were prepared in distilled water as the solvent. Detection of isoniazid was accomplished at 265 nm, which showed highest sensitivity for isoniazid . Column pump pressure approximately 2100 psig, rise time 0.1 with flow rate 1.0 mL/minute. Elution of isoniazid occurred at 2.2 minutes. Limit of detection (LOD) of isoniazid was 1.172 x 10-5 molar, but with detection going as high as 1.460 x 10-3 molar which provides a detection range of 125x. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 3.905 x 10-5 molar. Reverse phase isocratic conditions...........
Keywords: HPLC, isoniazid, isonicotinylhydrazide, tuberculosis, tuberculostat[1]. H. Tomioka, and K. Namba,Development of antituberculous drugs: current status and future prospects, Kekkaku, 81(12), 2006, 753-754.
[2]. E. Zager, and R. McNemey, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis, 25(8), 2008, 1-5.
[3]. H. Schaaf, A. Moll, and K. Dheda, Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa and South America: epidemiology, diagnosis and management in adults and children. Clin Chest Med, 30(4), 2009, 667-683.
[4]. R. Prasad, Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB): problems and solutions, Indian J Tuberc, 57(4), 2010, 180-191.
[5]. S. Benetton, E. Kedor-Hackmann, M. Santoro, and V. Borges, Visible spectrophotometric and first-derivative UV spectrophotometric determination of rifampicin and isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations, Talanta, 47, 1998, 639-643..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of In-Vitro anthelmintic activity of leaves and roots of Pavetta Indica Linn. by using different extracts |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Satkar prasad || Anand Chaurasiya || Ravindra Pal Singh |
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: | 10.9790/3008-1205024851 |
Abstract: The aim of current study was evaluate the anthelmintic activity of petroleum ether, chloroform & methanol extracts of roots and leaves of pavetta indica linn. (Rubiaceae) against Indian adult earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) and roundworm (Ascaridia gali). The parameters like the time of paralysis and the time of death were determined by using the different extract at different concentration (25, 50, and 100 mg/ml). Albendazole (in 5% aqueous DMF) was used as reference standard and 5% aqueous in DMF as a control group. Higher activities were observed at the higher concentration. Dose dependent activity was observed in all extracts. The shortest time required for paralysis and death was observed with concentration of 100 mg/ml of methanol extract of roots of plant. The studies indicate that the root extract of plant exhibited more potent activity as compared to leaves extracts.
Keywords: Pavetta indica, Pheritima posthuma, Ascardia galli, Albendazole[1] Drahl C, Cravatt B F and Sorensen EJ. Protein-reactive natural products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2005; 44: 5788 - 5809.
[2] Kirtikar K.R., Basu B.D., Indian medicinal plant, second edition, Vol-II, 1987, Page no 1290-92.
[3] The wealth of India, A dictionary of Indian raw material & industrial products, raw material, Vol- VII, 1991, page no. 282.
[4] Mandal S.C., Lakshmi S.M., Kumar C.K., Sar T. K., Boominathan R., Evaluation of Antiinflammatory Potential of Pavetta Indica Linn. Leaf extract in rats. Phytother res. 2003;17:871-820.
[5] Golwala D. K., Patel L.D., Bothara S. B., Patel P. M., Vadya S. K., Raval M.K., Analgesic activity of ehanolic leaf extract of Pavetta indica. Int. j pharm sci drug res 2009;1:119-120.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Some Flavonoidal Drugs and Their Polyherbal Formulation on Wound Healing Models |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Gaurav Dubey || Anand Chaurasiya || Ravindra Pal Singh |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1205025263 |
Abstract: Tephrosia purpurea commonly known as Sarphank belongs to Fabaceae and its Aerial part used in the study. Asteracantha Longifolia which is commonly known as Kokilaksha, belongs to Acanthaceae Family and its Aerial part used. Trichopus zeylanicus commonly known as Arogyapacha belongs to Dioscoreaceae Family. Flavonoids are low molecular weight bioactive polyphenols which play a vital role in photosynthesising cells Flavonoids are secondary metabolites characterized by flavan nucleus and C6-C8-C6 carbon-skeletonAll These three plants Extract and their polyherbal formulation used for evaluation of wound healing activity by using Excision, Incision, Dead space...........
Keywords: Aerial part, Flavonoids, polyherbal, Epithelization[1] Powell LW, Hemingway E, Billing BH, Sherlock S, Idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome): a study of 42 families, N Engl J Med, 277, 1967,1108-1112.
[2] Foulk WT, Butt HR, Owen CA, Jr, Whitcomb FF, Mason HL, Constitutional hepatic dysfunction (Gilbert's disease): its natural history and related syndromes, Medicine (Baltimore), 38, 1959, 25-46.
[3] Clarke DJ, Moghrabi N, Monaghan G, Cassidy A, Boxer M, Hume R, Genetic defects of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1 (UGT1) gene that cause familial non-hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias. Clin Chim Acta, 266, 1997, 63-74.
[4] Bosma PJ, Roy Chowdhury J, Bakker CTM, Gantla S, de Boer A, Oostra BA, The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 in Gilbert's syndrome, N Engl J Med, 333, 1995, 1171-1175.
[5] Sampietro M, Lupica L, Perrero L, Romano R, Molteni V, Fiorelli G, TATA-box mutant in the promoter of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase gene in Italian patients with Gilbert's syndrome, Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 30, 1998, 194-198.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Test of Effectiveness of Thorny Palm Skin (Salacca Edulis) and Noni Extract (Morinda Citrifolia L) On Decreasing the Blood Sugar Rate Of Male Mice (Mus Musculus) |
| Country | : | INDONESIA |
| Authors | : | Ani Sulistyarsi || Sri Utami || Yuliantika Herdiana Putri |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1205026467 |
Abstract: This research is meant to know the effectiveness of thorny palm skin (Salacca edualis) and noni (Morinda citrifolia L) extract on the decrease of mice' blood sugar level (Mus musculus L.). The experimental animals used were male DDY strains of 2-3 months old with 27 samples. The mice were saturated with sugar solution (Sukrosa) so as hyperglycemia occurred, then the mice were divided into 9 treatment groups and 3x replicates namely; control treatment, thorny palm skin and noni extract treatment (F1) and treatment of 150, 200, 250 mg / KgBB (F2) dose. Administration of sugar solution was given for 1 week. Giving sugar solution done orally, mice were given feed in the form of pellets...........
Keywords: Thorny palm skin Extract (Salacca edualis), Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia L), Blood Sugar Mice (Mus musculus L.).[1]. Endang evacuasiany, Pinandoj Djojosoewarno, I putu Gede darma Eka Putra. (20).Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Salak (Salacca Zalacca) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Mencit Swiss Webster (Mus Musculus) Jantan Dengan Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral (Ttgo). Bandung : Universitas Kristen Maranatha.
[2]. Fitriani, Sri Wulandah. (2011). Pengaruh Pemberian sari buah mengkudu (Morindacitrifolia L.) terhadapglikerklamiddalammenurunkankadarglukosadarahtikusputihjantan yang dibuat diabetes. SKRIPSI. Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA. Depok :Universitas Indonesia
[3]. Muharli Qadri Kanon, Fatima wali danWiddi Bodhi. (2014). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Buah Salak (SalaccaZalacca(Gaertn.) Voss) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar GulaDarahTikusPutihJantanGalurWistar (RattusNorvegicusL.) Yang DiinduksiSukrosa. Program StudiFarmasi, FPMIPA. Manado :UNSRAT
[4]. Nurlaili Haida Kurnia Putri dan Muhammad Atoilllah Isfandiari. (2011). Hubungan Empat Pilar Pengendalian DM Tipe 2 Dengan Rerata Kadar GulaDarah.Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat. Surabaya :Universitas Airlangga
[5]. Peni F.S, Leni Purwanti. 2012. Uji Efek Hipoglikemia Ekstrak Air Kulit Buah Pisang Ambon Putih [Musa (AAA GROUP)] Terhadap Mencit Model Hiperglikemik Galur Swiss Webster. ProsidingSNaPP2012 :Sains, Teknologi, dan Kesehatan ISSN 2089-3582(Online)(http://prosiding.lppm.unisba.ac.id/index.php/Sains/article/view/266#.V5WX9fl97Dc, Diunduh 15 Maret 2016).
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Nematode Diversity from Sugarcane Fields in Aurangabad Region Maharashtra State, India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Rajendra B. Gade || Chandrashekhar J. Hiware |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1205026873 |
Abstract: The Plant parasitic nematodes of sugarcane are diversely reportable with the connected decline in sugarcane productivity. Soil nematodes were studied in Aurangabad region by choosing four totally different sites. The aim of this study was to seek out soil nematodes related to sugarcane fields. The soil samples were collected from the sugarcane root zones from the four totally different sugarcane fields. The Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by the Baermann's funnel technique. The Nematodes were identified up to Genus level and therefore the numbers of nematodes per 150grams of soil were determined. From the selected fields, eleven genera of nematodes were collected & identified...........
Keywords: Aurangabad region; Diversity indices; Soil nematode diversity; Sugarcane fields[1]. S. Afolami, S. Solomon, F. Daramola, Biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of sugarcane in Bacita, Nigeria, Journal of Entomology and Nematology 6(6) (2014) 71-79.
[2]. A. Girei, D. Giroh, Analysis of the factors affecting sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) production under the out growers scheme in Numan Local Government Area Adamawa State, Nigeria, Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research 2 (2012).
[3]. G. Boonman, East Africa's grasses and fodders: Their ecology and husbandry, Springer Science & Business Media1993.
[4]. M. Luc, R.A. Sikora, J. Bridge, Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture, Cabi2005.
[5]. A. Whitehead, J. Hemming, A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil, Annals of applied Biology 55(1) (1965) 25-38..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A New Rp-Hplc Method Develop A New Rp-Hplc Method Development And Validation For Simultaneous Estimation Of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride And Doxylamine Succinate In Bulk Drug And Pharmaceutical Tablet Dosage Form |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Paul Richards M || Dr. V Kiran Kumar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1205027479 |
Abstract: The Present work was to develop a simple, fast, accurate, precise, reproducible, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of pyridoxine hydrochloride and doxylamine succinate in pharmaceutical tablet dosage form marketed as doxinate. Chromatographic separation was done using Inertsil ODS RP C18 column having dimension of 4.6×250mm having particle size of 5μm, with mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer pH 3 ±0.02 pH adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitril (50:50 %v/v), flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength at 263nm. The retention times of pyridoxine hydrochloride and doxylamine succinate was found to be 2.35 and 4.80min. The Proposed method has been validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, range..........
Keywords: Pyridoxine hydrochloride and Doxylamine succinate, RP-HPLC, Method development, Method validation.[1]. Dr. Kealey and P.J Haines, Analytical Chemistry, 1stedition, Bios Publisher, (2002), PP 1-7.
[2]. A.BraithWait and F.J.Smith, Chromatographic Methods, 5thedition, Kluwer Academic Publisher, (1996), PP 1-2.
[3]. Andrea Weston and Phyllisr.Brown, HPLC Principle and Practice,1stedition,
[4]. Academic press, (1997), PP 24-37.
[5]. Yuri Kazakevich and Rosario Lobrutto, HPLC For Pharmaceutical Scientists, 1stedition, Wiley Interscience A JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, (2007), PP 3-6,15-23.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Recent trends for management of Parkinson's Disease |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Ran Vijay Singh || K. P. Singh || Praneeta Singh || J.P.Singh |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1205028089 |
Abstract: TParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the brain. Parkinson's disease occurs when certain neurons in substantia nigra die or become impaired. The diagnosis of PD remains essentially a clinical one and it is important to recognize the early features together with symptoms and signs suggesting other causes of parkinsonism. At present, therefore, there are no proven neuroprotective therapies with only symptomatic treatments available. If the patient and clinician feel treatment is required, what therapy should be commenced? This decision will be based on the age of the patient, the likelihood of proper compliance, the presence of cognitive impairment, additional medical conditions and........
Keywords: Dopamine agonist, levodopa, Parkinson's disease, stem cell, treatment[1] Behari, M., Bhatnagar, S.P., Muthane, U., Deo, D. (2002). Experiances of Parkinson's Diseases in India. Lancet Neurol., 1(4): 258-62.
[2] Betarbet, R., Sherer, T.B., MacKenzie, G., Garcia-Osuna, M., Panov A.V., and Greenamyre, J.T. (2000). Chronic systemic pesticide expo sure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat. Neurosci. 3: 1301–1306.
[3] Bharucha, N.E., Bharucha, E.P., Bharucha, A.E., Bhise, A.V. Schoenberg, B.S. (1988). Prevalance of Parkinsons' disease in the Parsi Community of Bombay, India. Arch-Neurol., 45(12): 1321-3.
[4] Brown, R.G, Marsden, C.D.(1984). How common is dementia in Parkinson's disease.Lancet; 2:1262-1265.
[5] Brunt, E.R., Brooks, D.J. and Korczyn, A.D. (2002) . A six-month multicentre, double-blind, bromocriptine-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of ropinirole in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease not optimally controlled by L-dopa. J. Neural. Transm., 109: 489-502..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A study on germination and seedling growth of Blcakgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) germplasm against Polyethylene glycol 6000 stress |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | K. Babu || G. Rosaiah |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1205029098 |
Abstract: Seed germination is considered as one of the first and foremost fundamental life stages of a plant, where the success in growth and yield is also depending on this stage. An experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of different concentrations (i.e. 0, 10, 20 and 30 %) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress on germination and early growth stages of 29 inbred lines of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in Plant Physiology laboratory, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University. Different germination indices such as rate of imbibition, germination percent, germination energy, radical length, shoot length, relative water content, protein, nitrogen and..........
Keywords: PEG 6000, Blackgram, Water stress, Germination, Drought tolerance index[1] Safarnejad A. Morphological and biochemical response to Osmotic stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Pak J Bot 2008; 40(2): 735-746.
[2] Abdul- Baki A and Anderson JD. Vigor determination in Soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci 1973; 13: 630-633.
[3] Achakzai AKK. Effect of water stress on imbibition, germination and seedling growth of maize cultivars. Sarhad J Agric 2009; 25(2): 165-172.
[4] Afzal I, Basra S.M.A and Iqbal A. The effects of seed soaking with plant growth regulators on seedling vigour of wheat under salinity stress. J Stress Physiol and Biochemis 2005; 1: 6-14.
[5] Ahmad S, Ahmad R, Ashraf MY, Ashraf M and Waraich E. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pak J Bot 2009; 41: 647-654