IOSR-JAP   Volume-10 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2018

ABSTRACT: Graphs Are Considered As An Excellent Modeling Tool Which Is Used To Model Many Type Of Relations Amongst Any Physical Situation. Many Problems Of Real World Can Be Represented By Graphs. This Paper Explores Different Concepts Involved In Graph Theory And Their Applications In Computer Science To Demonstrate The Utility Of Graph Theory. These Applications Are Presented Especially To Project The Idea Of Graph Theory And To Demonstrate Its Objective And Importance In Computer Science Engineering. Graphs, Connectivity, Constraints, Graph Coloring, Graph Drawing. This Paper Gives An Overview Of The Applications Of Graph Theory In Heterogeneous Fields To Some Extent But Mainly Focuses On The Computer Science Applications That Uses Graph Theoretical Concepts. Various Papers Based On Graph Theory Have Been Studied Related To Scheduling Concepts, Computer Science Applications And An Overview Has Been Presented Here.

Keywords: Graphs, Connectivity, Constraints, Graph Coloring, Graph Drawing

[1] Dr. C Shoba Bindu* And K Dhanasree, "Graph Theory: Applications In Various Fields," HOD, Dept. Of CSE, JNTUA College Of Engineering, Anantapur.
[2] Rishi Pal Sing, Vandana, " Application Of Graph Theory In Computer Science And Engineering," International Journal Of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 104 – No.1, October 2014
[3] S.G.Shirinivas, S.Vetrivel, Dr. N.M.Elango, "Applications Of Graph Theory In Computer Science An Overview," International Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology Vol. 2(9), 2010, 4610-4621
[4] Suman Deswal,Anita Singhrova, "Application Of Graph Theory In Communication Networks," International Journal Of Application Or Innovation In Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2012.
[5] Sven Dickinson, Pelillo, Ramin Zabih, "Introduction To The Analysis, Vol 23 No. 10, September 2001..

ABSTRACT: For Solar Energy Utilization And Installation Of Any Solar Devices, The Accurate Measurement And Knowledge Of Global Solar Radiation Of A Particular Location Is Very Essential For Effective And Efficient Usage Of Solar Devices In That Particular Area. However, The Number Of Radiation Stations Are Not Many When Compared To The Stations That Collecting Atmospheric Parameters Like Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall E.T.C., The Modeling Of Global Solar Radiation With An Atmospheric Parameter Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) At Subang Selangor Malaysia (Latitude 7on, Longitude 103oe) Was Carried Out In This Study In A Simpler Way. The ANN Was Used To Develop A Model Based On Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Of ANN Which Trained.........

Keywords: Global Solar Radiation, Artificial Neural Networks, Solar Energy, Atmospheric Parameters

[1] Alam S, Kaushik S C, Garg S N (2006). Computation Of Beam Solar Radiation At Normal Incidence Using Artificial Neural Network. Renew Energy. 31:1483–91.
[2] Andrew, A. L., &James, E. H., (1973); A Parameterization For The Assumption Of Solar Radiation In TheEarth's Atmosphere. Journal Of The Atmosphere Sciences Vol 31 118-133.
[3] A. Karoro, T. Ssenyonga, And J. Mubiru, (2011) "Predicting Global Solar Radiation Using An Artificial Neural Network Single-Parameter Model," Advances In Artificial Neural Syst., Vol, Pp. 1-7.
[4] A. Mellit, S. A. Kalogirou, L. Hontoria, AndS. Shaari(2009), "(Artificial Intelligence Techniques For Sizing Photovoltaic Systems: A Review," Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews), Vol. 13, Pp. 406-419.
[5] A. Ghanbarzadeh, A. R. Noghrehabadi, E. Assareh, AndM. A. Behrang. (2009)"Solar Radiation Forecasting Based On Meteorological Data Using Artificial Neural Networks," In 7th IEEE Int. Conf. On Ind. Informatics, (INDIN , Pp. 227-231.

ABSTRACT: In the present paper we investigate the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids. This is a new class of fluids which is prepared by suspending a small quantity of nanoparticles in base fluids like water. It has the potential to be used as an efficient heat removing material. In particular , nanofluids can be used in the automobile industry as a coolant. In the present era of miniaturization in the electronic industry, nanofluids can be used in devices for quick removal of the enormous heat generated in these devices like laptops. Similarly nanofluids can also find applications in fire extinguishing industry,in the manufacturing industry and also as a medium in heat exchangers. Due to the enhanced heat transfer properties, smaller volume of heat exchange fluid will be required. Nanofluids, therefore have the potential to cut costs wherever conventional fluids like water, ethylene glycol or oil are presently.........

[1] S.U.S. Choi , Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonianflows,99, ASME, 1995.
[2] P.Keblinski, S.R.Phillipot, S.U.S.Choi, J.A.Eastman, Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nanosized particles(nanofluids), International J. Heat and Mass Transfer,45, 2002,855-863 .
[3] Y.Xuan, Q.Li, Heat Transfer Enhancement of Nanofluids, Int.J.Heat&Fluid Flow, 21, 2000, 158-164.
[4] T.Pradeep ,A textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,McGrawhill Education(2nd reprint 2016)
[5] Elena V Timofeeva, Wenhua Yu, David M France, Dileep Singh, Jules L Routbort , Nanofluids for heat transfer : an engineering approach, Nanoscale Research Letters ,2011,6:18 http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/182.

ABSTRACT: This study concern to classify of brain tissues to multiple Sclerosis, White and Grey matter and CSF in MR Images, and the features of the classified regions of the whole images as raw data were classified furthers using linear discriminate analysis. The classification processes were carried out using Interactive Data Language (IDL) program as platform for the generated codes the result of the classification showed that the Multiple Sclerosis areas were classified well from the rest of the tissues although it has characteristics mostly similar to surrounding tissues. The step wise function selected three features mean, energy and entropy which gives a classification accuracy 94.2% for MS the sensitivity........

Keywords: MRI, IDL, Multiple Sclerosis, Brain Tissue

[1]. Gilmore CP , DeLuca GC , Bö L , et al . Spinal cord neuronal pathology in multiple sclerosis . Brain Pathol 2009 ; 19 ( 4 ): 642 – 649 .
[2]. Bagnato F , Yao B , Cantor F , et al . Multisequence-imaging protocols to detect cortical lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis: observations from a post-mortem 3 Tesla imaging study. J Neurol Sci 2009 ; 282 ( 1-2 ): 80 – 85 .
[3]. Goldberg-Zimring D , Mewes AU , Maddah M , Warfield SK . Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis . J Neuroimaging 2005 ; 15 ( 4 , Suppl ): 68S – 81S.
[4]. Parry A , Clare S , Jenkinson M , Smith S , Palace J , Matthews PM . White matter and lesion T1 relaxation times increase in parallel and correlate with disability in multiple sclerosis . J Neurol 2002 ; 249 ( 9 ): 1279 – 1286 .
[5]. Bakshi R , Benedict RH , Bermel RA , et al . T2 hypointensity in the deep gray matter of patients with multiple sclerosis: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study . Arch Neurol 2002 ; 59 ( 1 ): 62 – 68 ..

ABSTRACT: Flourine doped tin oxide is one promising material as Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) to replace the expensive FTO in solar cell electroda, as gas sensor, optical coating, and variable resistor. In this research, Flourine doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films on glass substrate were prepared by the sol-gel spin coating. The starting material for synthesis FTO material is Tin (II) Chloride dehydrate (SnCl2.2H2O), Hydroflouride (HF), and ethanol. As the material sol, Tin (II) Chloride dehydrate dissolved in ethanol, heated and stirrer using hot plate at 80 ℃ and 300 rpm for one hour. Then the solution using spin coating technique for one minute with 2000 rpm on glass substrate. The deposited films were baked at 150 ℃ for 10 minutes on oven at 100℃ and annealed at 650 ℃ for one hour in a tube furnace..

Keywords: FTO, sol-gel technique, substrate.

[1]. Carvalho et al. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 thin films prepared by dip-coating method, 15th Brazilian Workshop on Semiconductor Physics. Elsevier P hysicsProcedia, 28 : 22-27.
[2]. Sinaga, P. 2009. Effect of Annealing Temperature on Micro Structure, Electrical Properties and Optical Properties of Transparent Conductive Transparent Oxide Film ZnO: Al Made with Screen Printing Technique, Journal of Teaching MIPA, 14(2):51 – 59
[3]. Gurakar, et al. 2014. Electrical and microstructural properties of (Cu, Al, In)-doped SnO2 films deposited by spray pyrolysis, Advancedmaterials Letters, 5(6) : 309-314.
[4]. Hammad, T, M. and N.K, Hejazy. 2011. Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of ATO Thin Films Fabricated by Dip Coating Method, Int. Nano Lett., 1(2): 123 – 128.
[5]. Battal, et al. 2014. Comparison Effect of Spin Speeds and Substrate Laters on Properties of Doubly Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method, Journal of Ovonic Research, 10 (2) : page 23

ABSTRACT: A tubular cross-bar and cross-rod (also called "jungle-gym") type of accelerating structure is revisited here for compact electron linacsandMicroLinacs. It consists of a metal tube loaded periodically by rods (or bars with beam aperture) crossed at 90 degrees angle. The structure enables a wide range of phase velocities (including non-relativistic), a wide bandwidth allowing large number of cells (for standing wave mode) or short filling time (for traveling wave mode) due to performance similaritywith bi-periodic structures.Single-section structure having up to hundred cells is analyzed.Beam dynamicsand vacuum aspects of the structure and MicroLinac performanceare considered. Capture enhancement with the rods made from mild steelwhen using external solenoid focusing is demonstrated as well...

Keywords: accelerator, electrons, RF linac, synchronism, wave.

[1]. A. V. Smirnov.InProceedings of North-American Particle Accelerator Conference (NA-PAC'13), Pasadena, CA USA (2013) 1421.
[2]. "Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version," Sciences Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement, National Research Council (2008).
[3]. N. Ackerman et al., "MicroLinac – A Portable Accelerator for Radiography", The 12th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop, 2006.
[4]. T. Yamamoto, T. Natsui, F. Sakamoto, M. Uesaka, N. Nakamura and E. Tanabe, "Development of portable X-band linac X-ray source for non-destructive testing", Proceedings of the Joint International Workshop: Nuclear Technology and Society–Needs for Next Generation, Berkeley, California, 2008.
[5]. S. Boucher, X. Ding, A. Murokh, In Proceedings of Intern.Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC'10) Kyoto, Japan (2010) 178.

ABSTRACT: Severe nuclear accidents have been few and far between but their chronicle will help preclude forthcoming cataclysms and will reveal the importance of nuclear safety. This study deals with the review of Fukushima Nuclear Disaster which was rated level 7 on International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). This accident was not a Japanese accident, in fact, it occurred in Japan. Due to excessive external power and battery run out the overheating fuel in the plant's operating reactor cores led to hydrogen explosions that severely damaged three of the reactor buildings. The sequence of the event has been given in a chronological order. Event analysis according to reactor unit has also been given. Radiological release and the health hazard from the radiation exposure have been discussed quantitatively. Economic effect of the disaster has also been mentioned.............

Keywords: Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Risk, DBA, Lessons Learnt, TEPCO.

[1]. SCJ(Science Council of Japan) Report: A review of the model comparison of transportation and deposition of radioactive materials released to the environment as a result of the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident , Sectional Committee on nuclear accident(2 September, 2014).
[2]. ANS (American Nuclear Society) Committee Report: Fukushima Daiichi (March 2012; Revised June 2012).
[3]. Asahi Shimbun Newspaper, March 18 2012. The delay in declaring emergency due to ―Time needed for Kan's understanding/approval‖ Kaieda's testimony at the Diet Nuclear accident investigation commission,‖
[4]. Japan's Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Narrative, analysis and recommendation, Kenji E. Kushida; (Shorenstein APARC working paper)
[5]. World nuclear association (WNA), Fukushima Accident. (2015). Available at: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Safety-of-Plants/Fukushima-Accident/ [Accessed 5 June, 2017]

ABSTRACT: Zinc ferrite(ZF) nanoparticles was synthesized by the thermal treatment method, followed by calcination from zero to 5000 C. The ZF was stabilized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prevent agglomeration. The ZF obtained was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD confirmed the good crystallinity of the sample with an average estimated crystalline size ranging from 5 to 14 nm.The SEM confirmed the morphology of the sample, with a less agglomeration for the higher concentration of the polymer and the annealed samples. The VSM confirmed the superparamagnetic nature of the sample capped with a polymer with an increase in saturation magnetization (SM) from 2.07 emu/g (un-annealed) to 6.56 emu/g (annealed). Consequently, surface encapsulation and calcination process of the ZF gave a more homogeneous size for various applications.

[1]. Morteza, M., Shilpa, S., Ben, W., Sophie, L., & Sen, T. (2011). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 63, 24-46.
[2]. Frey, N., Peng, S., Cheng, K., & Sun, S. (2009). Magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, functionalization, and application in bioimaging and magnetic energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 2532-2542.
[3]. Singamaneni, S., Bliznyuk, V., Binekc, C., & Tsymbalc, E. (2011). Magnetic nanoparticles: Recent advances in synthesis, self-assembly and applications. J. Mater. Chem., 21, 16819-16845.
[4]. Park, S., Kim, S., Lee, S., Khim, Z., Char, K., & Hyeon, T. (2000). Synthesis and magnetic studies of uniform iron nanorods and nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc., 122, 8581–8582.
[5]. Skumryev, V., Stoyanoy, S., Zhang, Y., Hadjipanayis, G., Givord, D., & Nogues, J. (2003). Beating the superparamagnetic limit with exchange bias. Nature, 423, 850-853.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a new method of quantum communication encryption is proposed by using the gravitational wave theory recently studied by the author.The ciphertext for every moment of the launch information is all characters in the character set, but plaintext is a specific character determined by a particular Boolean polynomial or a particular Boolean polynomial group. That is, a cryptographic key is the composition of a particular polynomial group.

Keywords: Quantum communication, encryption, Bourdeaux terms.

[1]. Zhe Yin, 2016. Zhe Yin's energy and wave theorem. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology, 2(3),
44-45.
[2]. Zhe Yin, 2017. The function and relation of proton and neutron. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research,8(1),
15321-15324.
[3]. Zhe Yin, 2017. Effect of Gravitational Wave on DNA Base. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 8(2), 15705-15707.
[4]. Zhe Yin, 2017. The formation of elements. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics,9(2), 08-13.
[5]. Zhe Yin, Liu, D., 2016. Electron trajectory. International Journal of Applied Science and Mathematics,3( 2), 56-57.
[6]. Zhe Yin, Liu, D., 2016. Causes of sound wave on the moon. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,3(2), 56-58.
[7]. Zhe Yin, Zhang, W., Bie, H., 2016. Zhe Yin's theorem of molecular biology. Academia Journal of Scientific Research,4(4), 99-102.

ABSTRACT: The Synthesis Of Butylamine , Ascarpic Acid And Leucine Mixed Crystals Done Under Low Temperature Slow Evaporation Method. The Synthesized Crystals Characters Are Studied Using Xrd, Ft-Ir, Sem, And Uv-Visible Processes. Xrd Studies Are Used To Carry Out The Crystallographic Analysis. Ft-Ir Studies Are Used To Observe The Functional Groups Of Butylamine , Ascarpic Acid And Leucine Mixed Crystals. Sem Studies Are Used To Study The Morphological Identification. Uv-Visible Studies Are Used To Study The Optical Absorbance Analysis.

Keywords: Growth From Solution, Single Crystal, Xrd, Ft-Ir, Sem, And Uv-Visible.

[1]. D.S. Chemla, And J.Zyss, Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Organic Molecules And Crystals, Academic Press, Newyork, 1987, 1[2].
[2]. D.R. Yuan, N.Zhang, X.T. Tao, D.Xu, M.G.Liu, W.B.Hou, And Y.H.Bing, J.Crystal Growth, 1996,166, 545.
[3]. J. K. Saha, And J. Podder, Crystallization Of Zinc Sulphate Single Crystals And Its Structural, Thermal And Optical Characterization, J. Of Bang. Aca. Of Sci, 35, 2011, 203-210.
[4]. G. Viruthagiri, P. Praveen, S .Mugundan, And M. Anbuvannan, Growth And Characterization Of L-Histidine Doped Thiourea Single Crystals By Slow Evaporation Method. Ind. J. Of Adv. In Chem. Sci, 1, 2013, 193-200.
[5]. R. S. Sundararajan, M .Senthilkumar, And C. Ramachandraraja, Growth And Characterization Of Bisthiourea Nickel Bromide- New Semi Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal. J. Of Crys. Pro. And Tech,3, 2013, 56-59.

ABSTRACT: A tubular cross-bar and cross-rod (alsocalled "jungle-gym") type of accelerating structure isrevisitedherefor compactelectronlinacsandMicroLinacs. It consists of ametal tube loadedperiodically by rods (or bars withbeam aperture) crossed at 90 degrees angle. The structure enables a wide range of phase velocities (including non-relativistic), a widebandwidthallowing large number of cells(for standing wave mode) or short filling time (for traveling wave mode) due to performance similaritywithbi-periodic structures.Single-section structure having up to hundredcellsisanalyzed.Beamdynamicsand vacuum aspects of the structure and MicroLinacperformanceare considered. Capture enhancementwith the rods made frommildsteelwhenusingexternalsolenoidfocusingisdemonstrated as well.

Keywords: accelerator, electrons, RFlinac, synchronism, wave.

[1]. A. V. Smirnov.InProceedings of North-American Particle Accelerator Conference (NA-PAC'13), Pasadena, CA USA (2013) 1421.
[2]. "Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version," Sciences Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement, National Research Council (2008).
[3]. N. Ackerman et al., "MicroLinac – A Portable Accelerator for Radiography", The 12th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop, 2006.
[4]. T. Yamamoto, T. Natsui, F. Sakamoto, M. Uesaka, N. Nakamura and E. Tanabe, "Development of portable X-band linac X-ray source for non-destructive testing", Proceedings of the Joint International Workshop: Nuclear Technology and Society–Needs for Next Generation, Berkeley, California, 2008.
[5]. S. Boucher, X. Ding, A. Murokh, In Proceedings of Intern.Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC'10) Kyoto, Japan (2010) 178.

ABSTRACT: Earth gravity calculated as per the Newton's law of gravitation. It states that a spherically symmetric mass distributive body attracts outside object, as entire mass were concentrated at its center. All That derivations have explained with shell theorem, superb theorem and theorem XXXI. In the present investigation focused on geometrically proofs as above and analyzed again geometrically with same concept and different views, which gives us a new result as hypothesis.

Keywords: Acceleration, Classical Mechanics, Gravitation, Euclidean Geometry, Gravity measurement.

[1]. U. S. Kolte (AdanyancheVishwa – Pruthvichyakendrakadeshunyagurutvakarshan?VirajPublication,India) (2017)
[2]. I. Newton Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Amsterdam: SumptibusSocietatis) (1723)
[3]. S. Chandrasekhar Newton's Principia for the Common Reader (Oxford: Clarendon) (1995)
[4]. https://www.math.ksu.edu/~dbski/writings/shell.pdf
[5]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_theorem
[6]. R. Borghi Eur. J. Phys. 35 02800 (2014)

ABSTRACT: The employment of metals and alloys in the biomedical field is one of the most challenging approach and shows immense applications for improvement human life. Basically, the materials used for metallic biomedical applications, particularly those are implanted in vivo, provide appropriate mechanical and biological properties that allow them to accomplish the purpose for which they are used. This article shows the latest developments in the preparation of conductive polymers including polypyrrole and its composites to enhance mechanical properties, biocompatibility and most importantly corrosion protection performance of metallic implants......

Keywords: Biocompatibility, Composites, Conducting Polymers, Coating, Corrosion, Metallic Implants

[1]. S. Shadanbaz and G. J. Dias, "Calcium phosphate coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications: a review," Acta biomaterialia, 2012, 8, 20-30.
[2]. E. Babaie, B. Lin, and S. B. Bhaduri, "A new method to produce macroporous Mg-phosphate bone growth substitutes," Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017, 75, 602-609.
[3]. M. Niinomi, "Recent metallic materials for biomedical applications," Metallurgical and materials transactions A, 2002, 33, 477-486.
[4]. K. P. Ananth, A. J. Nathanael, S. P. Jose, T. H. Oh, and D. Mangalaraj, "A novel silica nanotube reinforced ionic incorporated hydroxyapatite composite coating on polypyrrole coated 316L SS for implant application," Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016, 59, 1110-1124.
[5]. B. Dhandayuthapani, Y. Yoshida, T. Maekawa, and D. S. Kumar, "Polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering application: a review," International Journal of Polymer Science, 2011, 2011