IOSR-JAP   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2018

ABSTRACT:Atmospheric pressure single dielectric barrier open air plasma discharges in the 'needle electrode-airgap-glass barrier-plane electrode' configuration are generated by a high voltage (5 kV) AC source operating at a frequency of 20 kHz and investigated by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The produced plasmas are non-equilibrium, diffused shape and stable. The air gap and dielectric thickness between the electrodes appreciably influence the discharge plasma. The emission intensity increases with increasing air gap within the range of gap 0.5–1.0 mm at fixed dielectric thickness. By fitting the simulated spectra with experimental spectra using LIFBase software, the gas temperature is estimated. The gas temperatures (rotational temperature) are 330–305 K and vibrational ........

Key Words: Air plasma, gas temperature, optical emission spectroscopy, needle to plane etc..

[1]. J Park , I Henins, H W Herrmann, G S Selwyn, and R F Hicks: J. Appl. Phys. 89, 20, 2001
[2]. W I Wiese: Plasma Diagnostic Techniques, edited by R H Haddlestone and S I Leonar; pp-369-377 (Academic, New York, 1965).
[3]. E Stoffels, A J Flikweert , W W Stoffels, and G M W Kroesen, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 11, 383, 2002
[4]. I E Kieft, E P Van der Laan, and E Stoffels: New J. Phys. 6, 149, 2004
[5]. E Stoffels, R E J Sladek, I E Kieft, H Kesten, and H Wiese: Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 46, B167, 2004

ABSTRACT:In this paper, a mathematical model has been presented which can predict the size of the well formed around a burning candle wick

Key Words: burning candle, well formation, heat transfer, Stefan-Boltzmann Law

[1]. Stavros Theodorakis, and Charalambos Aristidou, The Paradox of the floating candle that continues to burn American Journal of Physics 80, 657 (2012)
[2]. L.T. Gritter, J.S. Crompton, S.Y. Yushanov and K.C Koppenhoefer, Analysis of Burning Candle
[3]. Anthony Hamins, Matthew Bundy, Characterisation of Candle Flames Journal of FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING Vol.15- November 2005

ABSTRACT:The electromagnetic field in the near and far zones of the oscillating atomic dipole is analyzed. It is shown that the dipole electromagnetic field has 5 components: 3 electric (~1/r, ~1/r2, ~1/r3) and 2 magnetic (~1/r, ~1/r2). The article shows that at a distance λ/2π from the dipole all three components of the electric field are compared. Therefore, the line r = λ/2π should be considered as the boundary between the near and far zones. Accordingly, the region r < λ/2π is the near zone, and r > λ/2π is the far zone. A strict explanation of the difference between the concepts of "near / far zone" and "near / far field" is given. The first is geometric concepts, and the second is physical concepts. Thus, strictly speaking, the near field is the electromagnetic field in the near zone, and the far field..........

Key Words: dipole, oscillation, near field, radiation field, Poynting vector

[1]. A. Koshelev, K. Munechika and S. Cabrini, Opt. Lett. 42(21), 4339 (2017).
[2]. Y.M. Morozov and A.S. Lapchuk, Appl. Opt. 55(13), 3468 (2016).
[3]. K. Staliunas, P. Markoš and V. Kuzmiak, Phys. Rev. A 96(4), 043852 (2017).
[4]. A.J. Yuffa, Y. Gutierrez, J.M. Sanz, et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 33(3), 391 (2016).
[5]. E. Tucker, J. D'Archangel and G. Boreman, Opt. Express 25(5), 5594 (2017).

ABSTRACT:Growth of L-valine imidazole (LVI) single crystals were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. L-valine imidazole salt was synthesized and solubility studies have been carried out by gravimetric method in the temperature range of 30-50 oc. The grown crystals were characterized by x-ray diffraction analyses. The important optical parameters such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical band gap, optical conductivity and electrical conductivity were estimated fromUV–vis–NIR spectral analysis to study the linear optical behavior of the material. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study was used to confirm the presence.........

Key Words: Ssolution growth, Optical studies, Mechanical properties, LDT, SHG, Thermal analysis

[1] Zhang, C, Li, CZ, Cong, H, Wang, J, Zhang, H &Boughton, RI 2010, "Crystal growth and thermal properties of single crystal monoclinic NdCOB (NdCa4O(BO3)3)‟, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 507, pp. 335–340.
[2] Arjunan, S, Bhaskaran, A, Mohan Kumar, R, Mohan, R &Jayavel, R 2010, "Effect of rare-earth dopants on the growth and structural, optical, electrical and mechanical properties of L-arginine phosphate single crystals‟, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 506, pp. 784–787.
[3] Uthrakumar, R, Vesta, C, Bhagavannarayana, G, Robert R & Jerome Das, S 2011, "Optical, crystalline perfection and mechanical studies on unidirectional grown bis(thiourea) cadmium zinc chloride single crystal‟, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 509, pp. 2343–2347.
[4] Mohd.Shakir, Riscob, B, Maurya, KK, Ganesh, V, Wahab, MA &Bhagavannarayana, G 2010, "Unidirectional growth of L-

asparagine monohydrate single crystal: First time observation of NLO nature and other studies of crystalline perfection, optical, mechanical and dielectric properties‟, Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 312, pp. 3171-3177.
[5] Dhanaraj, PV, Rajesh, NP &Bhagavannarayana, G 2010, "Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization of an organic NLO material: Bis(2-aminopyridinium) maleate‟, Physica B Condensed Matter, vol. 405, pp. 3441–3445.

ABSTRACT:This study aimed to measure radioactivity concentrations and to calculate absorbed dose and annual effective dose for 137Cs in 15 soil at depths 0-15 cm from soil surface from five sites around Al Bayda city. Gamma-ray spectroscopy was employed for radiation measurements using HPGe detector. The results showed the 137Cs radioactivity concentration range from 4.0 to 31.0 Bq/kg with average value of 10.87 Bq/kg. The absorbed dose rate varied from 0.12 to 0.93 nGy / h with average value of o.33 nGy / h. The outdoor annual effective dose rate varied from 3.97 to 4.56 μSv/y with average value of 1.6μSv/y. The measured values were small in comparison with ICRP(1.0 mSv/y) and in other parts of the world.

Key Words: 137 Cs, absorbed dose rate, Annual effect dose rate, Al Bayda, Libya.

[1]. Al-Hamed, S.A. , Wahby, M. F. , and Aboukarima, A.M., 2017. Evaluation of Natural Radionuclides, Cesium-137 and Radiological Hazard Indices of
Agricultural Soils in Saudi Arabia. J. Nucl. Tech. Appl. Sci 5, 27–42.
[2]. Alsaadi, S.D.Y., Younis, Abdelhamid M., M.F.-H., 2015. First International Conference in Basic Science and their Applications,Al-Bayda,Libya,
2015, in: Evaluation of Radioactivity in the Surface Soil in the Surrounding Areas of Al Bayda City, Libya. p. 229.
[3]. Badawy, W.M., Mamikhin, S.V., 2012. Radioactivity measurement and dose rate calculation due to γ -ray of soil from Chashnikovo – Russia. Arab J.
Nucl. Sci. Appl. 45, 270–282.
[4]. Bramki, A., Ramdhane, M., Benrachi, F., 2017. Natural radioelement concentrations in fertilizers and the soil of the Mila region of Algeria. J. Radiat.
Res. Appl. Sci. 154. doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2017.08.002
[5]. Dizman, S., Görür, F.K., Keser, R., 2016. Determination of radioactivity levels of soil samples and the excess of lifetime cancer risk in Rize province,
Turkey. Internatuinal J. Radiat. Res. 14, 237–244. doi:10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.3.237

ABSTRACT:The classification processes of MRI brain were defining the corpus,pineal gland, techunum, and third ventricle were carried out using Interactive Data Language (IDL) program as platform for the generated codes. The result of the classification showed that the pineal gland areas were classified well from the rest of the tissues although it has characteristics mostly similar to surrounding tissue. The results show that the Gray Level variation and features give classification accuracy Several texture features are introduced using Gray Level variation and features and the FOS gives a classification score matrix generated by linear discriminate analysis and the overall classification accuracy was 92.7%, were the classification accuracy of corpus 93.3%, pineal gland 97.9%, techunum 89.9%, while the third ventricle showed classification accuracy 88.5%. These relationshipsare stored in a Texture Dictionary that can be later used to automatically annotate new MRI with the appropriate pineal gland.

Key Words: corpus, pineal gland, third ventricle, texture analysis, FOS, MRI

[1]. Klein P, Rubinstein LJ (1989) Benign symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland: a report of seven cases and review of the literature. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry 52:991–995
[2]. Surawicz TS, McCarthy BJ, Kupelian V et al (1999) Descriptive epidemiology of primary brain and CNS tumors: results from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, 1990-1994. NeuroOncol 1(1):14–25
[3]. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK (2007) WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. IARC Press, Lyon.
[4]. Grosshans, M.; Vollmert, C.; Vollstaedt-Klein, S.; Nolte, I.; Schwarz, E.; Wagner, X.; Leweke, M.; Mutschler, J.; Kiefer, F.; Bumb, J.M. The association of pineal gland volume and body mass in obese and normal weight individuals: A pilot study. Psychiatr.Danub. 2016, 28, 220–224. [PubMed]
[5]. Bumb, J.M.; Schilling, C.; Enning, F.; Haddad, L.; Paul, F.; Lederbogen, F.; Deuschle, M.; Schredl, M.; Nolte, I. Pineal gland volume in primary insomnia and healthy controls: A magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Sleep Res. 2014, 23, 276–282. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

ABSTRACT:In the present work, a system of perturbed sine Gordon equations has been derived for a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) long Josephson junction, following the long route of path integral formalism. The system of equations has been solved numerically by the discretization of the equations using finite difference approximation and applied to the MgB$_2$ superconductor with SiO$_2$ as the junction material. The solution of unperturbed sine-Gordon equation has been considered as the initial profile for the simulation. It is observed that the perturbation terms play the role to deform the profile as time goes on. It is also observed that, the perturbation terms play the role for alternative phase frustration leading the time reversal symmetry broken. The competitive inter-band and intra-band phase frustrations occur faster for high tunneling potential.

Key Words: Long Josephson junction, Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, sine-Gordon equation, phase frustration, Goldston mode

[1]. M. Eisterer, Magnetic properties and critical current of MgB2, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 (2007) R47–R72.
[2]. I.I. Mazin, V.P. Antropov, Electronic structure, electron–phonon coupling, and multiband effects in MgB 2 , Phys. C. 385 (2003)
49.
[3]. A. Gurevich, Anomalous effects of two-gap superconductivity in MgB 2 , Brazilian J. Phys. 32 (2003) 700.
[4]. S.Z. Lin, Josephson effect between a two-band superconuctor with s   or s  pairing symmetry and a conventional s-wave
superconductor., Phys. Rev. B. 86 (2012) 14510.
[5]. J.H. Kim, B.R. Ghimire, H.Y. Tsai, Fluxon dynamics of a long Josephson junction with two-gap superconductors, Phys. Rev. B. 85
(2012) 134511.

ABSTRACT:Yangton and Yington Theory is a hypothetical theory based on Yangton and Yington circulating particle pairs (Wu's Pairs) with a build-in inter-attractive force (Force of Creation) that is proposed as the fundamental building blocks of the universe. It has explained successfully the formation of all subatomic particles, propagation of gravitational force, cosmological redshift, universe expansion and many other correlations between space, time, energy and matter. More than 31 major physical phenomena and theories are interpreted and derived from Yangton and Yington Theory. In summary, a road map of systematic derivation and a correlation network between the major physical phenomena and Yangton and Yington Theory are presented.

Key Words: Wu's Pairs, Yangton andYington, Force of Creation, Subatomic Particles, String Force, String Theory, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Gravity Theory, Unified Field Theory, Standard Model, Dark Matter, Antimatters, Graviton, Particle Radiation, Gravitational Waves, Photon, Special Relativity, General Relativity, Light Speed, Doppler Effect, Acceleration Doppler Effect, Inertia Transformation, Redshift, Cosmological Redshift, Gravitational Redshift, Vision of Light, Vision of Object, Principle of Correspondence, Spacetime, Field Equations, Dark Energy, Universe Expansion, Reverse Expansion, Spacetime Shrinkage Theory

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu" Five Principles of the Universe and the Correlations of Wu's Pairs and Force of Creation to String Theory and
Unified Field Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, pp. 17-21.
[2]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015,
Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242.
[3]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Particle Structures and Unified Field Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Hypothetical Theory".
American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 165-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp. 20150404.13.
[4]. Edward T. H. Wu "Standard Model and Quantum Field Theory versus Wu's Pairs and Yangon and Yangon Theory." IOSR Journal
of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, pp. 50-56.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Gravitational Waves, Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Coulomb's Law of Electrical Forces
Interpreted by Particle Radiation and Interaction Theory Based on Yangton & Yington Theory". American Journal of Modern
Physics. Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016, pp. 20-24. doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20160502.11.

ABSTRACT:Natural fibers in recent times find useful application in both the manufacturing and construction sector. These fibers when reinforced with polymers form composites materials which possess excellent thermal properties suitable for thermal insulation. The composites can be well applied in the packaging, industrial and household thermal shield. The thermal properties of groundnut shell were successfully optimizedand characterized using Leeds Apparatus and calorimetry. The composite specimens were prepared with different weight percentages of randomly distributed groundnut shell particles in polymer matrix. Composites were prepared by varying the percentage of groundnut shell. We observed that the thermal conductivity of groundnut shell reinforced polymer composite (GSPC) decreased (0.355 – 0.221 W/mK) with increasing weight percentage (wt %)of the groundnut fiber (GF); while the thermal resistivity increases. Thermal diffusivity decreases with additional particles content.

Key Words: Composite, polymer, thermal properties, natural fiber.

[1]. Carlos,Eduwardo MB, Paula MC.: Physico-chemical characterization of biomass samples for application in pyrolysis process. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 2014; 37: 522 – 528.
[2]. Raju GU, Gaitonde VN, Kumarappa VN.: Experimental study on optimization of thermal properties of groundnut shell particles reinforced polymer composites. International Journal of Emerging Sciences. 2012; 2(3): 433 – 454.
[3]. Pragatheeswaran R, Senthil KS.: Mechanical behaviour of groundnut shell powder/ calcium carbonate/ vinyl ester composite. International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research. 2015; 2(2): 28 – 31.
[4]. Ayo MD, Madufor IC, Onyeagoro GA, Ogbobe O.: Effect of filler characteristics on the properties of chemically treated groundnut shell. Macromolecules. 2015; 11(2): 43 – 50.
[5]. Grandawa MM.: Characterization of physic-chemical properties of arachishyogaea L. shells (groundnut) as environmental remediation. International Conference on Chemical, Biological and environmental sciences, May 12 -13, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dio.org/10.17758/IAAST.AO514001. 2014

ABSTRACT: The cosmic ray intensity data were collected in 2017 for a period of twelve months (one year). Linear regression analysis was carried out using the cosmic ray intensity, 𝐼 and the coupling parameter, 𝛼 associated with the four fundamental interactions of particles. The value of the correlation coefficient, r of the events for each month is greater than 0.00 but less than 1.00. This shows that there is a positive relationship between the two variables. The slope, 𝑚 of the regression equations changes as the cosmic ray intensities changes. The intercept, 𝑐 has approximately same value, 𝑐≈7.0. Since the intercept, 𝑐 is constant, the regression equation transforms into: 𝐼=𝑘0𝛼𝑚; where 𝑘0=10𝑐=107.0=𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡. At slope, 𝑚=1, it suggest a linear dependence between the intensity, 𝐼 and the coupling ...............

Key Words: Cosmic ray intensity, Coupling parameter, Supernova explosions, Super- unification.

[1]. Dimitar, V. (2010). Phenomenological Mass Relation for Free Massive Stable Particles and Estimations of Neutrino and Graviton Masses. Stara Zagora Department. Solar- Terrestrial Inuences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria [2]. Leonov, V. S. (2010). Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 745 pages. http://leonov.inauka.ru/
[3]. Moran, M. J. and Shapiro, H.N. (2000), Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Wiley, 4th Ed.

[4]. Perkins, D. H. (2000). Introduction to High Energy Physics. Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0-521-62196-8.

[5]. Peskin, M. E. and Schroeder, H.D. (1995). An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory. ISBN 0-201-50397-2.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, by stability theorem, the conditions and practical mathematical models of Riemann's conjecture are presented. The obvious conclusion is also given.

Key Words: Riemann's conjecture; gravitational wave; stability theorem

[1]. Zhe Yin, "Zhe Yin's energy and wave theorem". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology, 2(3),
2016,44-45.
[2]. Zhe Yin, " The function and relation of proton and neutron". International Journal of Recent Scientific Research,8(1), 2017,15321-
15324.
[3]. Zhe Yin, " Effect of Gravitational Wave on DNA Base". International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 8(2), 2017,15705-
15707.
[4]. Zhe Yin, " The formation of elements". IOSR Journal of Applied Physics,9(2), 2017,08-13.
[5]. Zhe Yin, Liu, D., " Electron trajectory". International Journal of Applied Science and Mathematics,3( 2), ,2016,56-57.

ABSTRACT: The This a study of controlling effect of some basic system parameters on the dynamical properties of the quantum dot laser carriers. This work started from the theoretical model which based on the master equations. The assumption of this model is that the micro cavity of the laser is a quantum dot of InGaAs/GaAs type, with wavelength of 1.3μm. We do numerical solution of these equations and do simulated simulations.

Key Words: Quantum Dot laser; QD exited (ground) state; carrier densities population; InGaAs/GaAs laser.

[1]. D. O'Connell, M. Hofheinz, M. Ansmann, Radoslaw C. Bialczak, M. Lenander, Erik Lucero, M. Neeley, D. Sank, H. Wang, M. Weides, J. Wenner, John M. artinis and A. N. Cleland. "Quantum ground state and single-phonon control of a mechanical resonator", Nature, 2010;464.7289: 697 .
[2]. R. M. Hassan and G. M. Ali, "The Effect of Internal Losses on Characteristic Temperature and Quantum Dot Laser Characteristics with Presence / Absence Internal Absorption Losses", J. Basrah Researches ((Sciences)), 2015; 41 (2(B)), 30-42.
[3]. R. M. Hassan, C. A. Emshary and I. Easa, "Internal Loss and Characteristic Temperatures of Quantum Dot Laser", J. Education College / Al- Mustansiriya University, 2012; 5 (1), 100-113,.
[4]. Christopher Gies, Matthias Florian, Paul Gartner, and Frank Jahnke. "The single quantum dot-laser: lasing and strong coupling in the high-excitation regime". Optics Express, 2011; 19(15): 14370-14388.
[5]. V. V. Korenev, A. V. Savelyev, A. E. Zhukov and A. V. Omelchenko, "Analytical approach to the multi-state lasing phenomenon in quantum dot lasers", Applied Physics Letters, 2013; 102, 112101.

ABSTRACT: Off-site emergency planning, preparedness, and response to the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accidents are sharing responsibilities between the regulator, operator, local and national organizations. The specification of the Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs) around the NPP is essential for effectively making decisions as well as taking protective and other response actions which are required for protecting the public from the hazards of ionizing radiation. This study aims to apply the probabilistic safety assessment methodology for estimating the off-site emergency planning zones around the Egyptian NPP at El-Dabba site. The method is based on the analysis of the worst severe accident scenario for 1200 MWt Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), taking into account the different probabilities of the atmospheric pattern...............

Key Words: ............

[1]. Jozef Kubanyi, Ricardo Bolado Lavin, Dan Serbanescu, Bela Toth, Heinz Wilkening. Risk-Informed Support of Decision Making in Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Zoning, EUR 23280 EN - 2008].
[2]. Emergency Planning Technical Basis For New Nuclear Installations, Position Paper, National Nuclear Regulator For The Protection of Persons, Property and The Environment Against Nuclear Damage, Pp-0015.
[3]. National Nuclear Regulator, The NNR Report on The Technical Basis For Emergency Planning At Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, South Africa, June 2000.
[4]. Sandberg, J., Vilkamo, O., " Emergency Zoning and PSA Applications in Finland ", EC DG JRC-IE/OECD NEA International Seminar on Emergency & Risk Zoning around Nuclear Power Plants, 26-27 April 2005, Petten, Netherlands
[5]. Jay Wu; Yung-Muh Yang; Ing-Jane Chen; Huan-Tong Chen; Keh-Shih Chuang: Reevaluation of the Emergency Planning Zone for Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan Using MAACCS2 Code. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 64 (2006), pp. 448-454, ELSEVIER 2006, at www.elsevier.com/locate/apradiso,