IOSR-JAP   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2018

ABSTRACT: CdO-NiO thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrates using electro-deposition technique. Cadmium chloride salt provided source of cadmium ion, citric acid as oxidizing agent, nickel chloride as source of nickel ion, and sodium hydroxide as pH adjuster. The films were deposited at various concentrations. The optical properties were investigated using UNICO-UV-2012 PC spectrophotometer. The optical results showed that the films exhibited interference patterns based on the variation of the transmittance with growth parameter. The maximum transmittances are 63%, 65%, 60% and 64% for 0.01M, 0.05M, 0.07M and 0.1M samples of CdO/NiO thin films respectively. The band-gaps were found to be between 2.38eVand 2.50 eV as the concentrations were varied........

Key Words: electro-deposition, band gap, transmittance, concentration, optical

[1]. M. Dewei, Y. Zhizhen, W. Lei, H. Jingyun, and Z. Binghui, Deposition and characteristics of CdO films with absolutely (2 0 0)-preferred orientation. Mater. Lett., 58, 2003, 128–131.
[2]. R. Chandiramouli, andB.G. Jeyaprakash, Review of CdO thin films. Solid State Sci. 16, 2013, 102–110.
[3]. Afify, H.H., N.M. Ahmed, M.Y. Tadros, and F.M. Ibrahim, Temperature dependence growth of CdO thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis, Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 1, 2014, 119-128.
[4]. S.U. Offiah, A.C. Nwanya, S.C. Ezugwu, B.T. Sone, R.U. Osuji, C.D. Lokhande, F.I. Ezema, "Chemical Bath Synthesis and Physico-chemical Characterizations NiO-CoO Composite Thin Films for Supercapacitor Applications. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9,2014, 5837-5848.
[5]. P.S. Patil, L.D. Kadem, Preparation and Characterization of Spray Pyrolysed Nickel Oxide (NiO) Thin Films, Applied Surface Science 199, 2002, 211-221.

ABSTRACT: Thin film are of particular interest for fabrication of large area arise like solar cells, photo conductors, photo thermal solar coding etc, and it can be prepared by various techniques such as sputtering, CVD, CBD etc. In the present study Cux Zn1-xS nanocomposite thin films were prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method for various value of x viz 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. The prepared films were characterized by EDS and PXRD. The composition of the nanocomposite was estimated from the EDS data and the particle size was determined by PXRD data. The thickness of the film was calculated from weight method. The EDS and PXRD data shows that the film prepared in the present study are nanocomposites.

Key Words: Thin film, nanocomposite, SILAR, CuS, ZnS, Thickness.

[1]. J. Lee, S. Lee, S. Cho, S. Kim, I.Y. Parle and Y. D. Choi, " Material Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 77, No. 1, 2002, PP – 254- 260.
[2]. E. C. Greyson, J.E. Barton, T.W. Odom, (2006), small 2 (3) – 371.
[3]. J.B. Johnson, H. Jones, B. S. Latham, J. D.Parker, R.D. Engelken, C. Barber, (1999),Semiconductor Science and Technology .14, 501-507.
[4]. Armington A. F, Posen. H and Lipson .H(1973), Electronic Materials. J. 2, 127.
[5]. C.S. Barret, T. B. Massalski, Structure of metals, Pergamon. Press, Oxford, 1980

ABSTRACT: Growing Semi-Organic NLO materials is one of the important fields of research now a days. Mixed crystals are found to be harder than the end member crystals. The tailor made crystals had properties analogous to the end member crystal and some physical properties like microhardness, stability and electrical properties might be enhanced due to mixing. In this view, ZTS and MTS were mixed in the composition ratio ZnxMg(1-x)TS for various values of x(x = 0 to 1). Vickers's microhardness test was carried out for pure and mixed crystals. The mechanical parameters likeMeyer's work hardening co-efficient, Stiffness constant, Second order elastic constant, Young's modulus, Yield strength, Fracture toughness and Brittleness index were calculated by using available relations. It has been found that all the above parameters vary linearly with load and non-linearly with composition.

Key Words: ZMTS mixed crystals, Vicker's microhardness, Stiffness constant, Second order elastic constant, Young's modulus, Yield strength, Fracture toughness, Brittleness index..

[1]. Armington.A.F, Posen H and Lipson H 1973 J.Electronic Mater, 2 127
[2]. BhuvaneswariArvind et al, International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Special Issue NCRTAM ISSN – 2319
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[4]. M. Sumithra Devi et al, International Journal of Technical Research and Applicationse-ISSN:2320-8163, Special Issue 38(feb-2016), pp.73-78.
[5]. M .Jeyalekshimi et al, IJERCSE, vol 5, Issue 4, April 2018 ISSN online (2394-2320)

ABSTRACT: Evaluation of Renal Morphological Changes in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Normal Sudanese Population using a color Duplex ultrasound machine which imaging B-mode imaging, pulsed wave, Duplex scanning and Doppler flow imaging. Were the data consist of 100 patients with kidney lithotripsy and refers for ultrasound before and after lithotripsy procedures.Gray scale and Doppler ultrasound exam were obtained for them using different parameters. using analysis of variance using t.test between the gender with age, BMI, volume and resistive index of renal artery were the test showed no significant difference between the gender with BMI, volume and resistive index of renal artery were the p.value was 0.818, 0.202 and 0.564 respectively, and a significant difference with the age were the p.value was 0.012. correlate between volume with age were the rate of volume increase by rate 0.2963 for each year.correlate between volume with body mass index were the rate of volume increase by rate 0.8601 for each kg/m2..

Key Words: Morphological Changes, Lithotripsy, Extracorporeal Shock Wave, Resistive index of Renal Artery

[1]. Krambeck AE, Gettman MT, Rohlinger AL, Lohse CM, Patterson DE, Segura JW. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension associated with shock wave lithotripsy of renal and proximal ureteral stones at 19 years of followup. The Journal of urology. 2006 May 31; 175(5):1742-7.
[2]. Evan AP, Willis LR, Connors B, Reed G, McAteer JA, Lingeman JE. Shock wave lithotripsy-induced renal injury. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;17(4):445–50.
[3]. Knapp R, Frauscher F, Helweg G, et al. Age-related changes in resistive index following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 1995;154(3):955–8.
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[5]. Evan AP, Coe FL, Lingeman JE, Worcester E. Insights on the pathology of kidney stone formation. Urological research. 2005 Nov 1; 33(5):383-9.

ABSTRACT: Luminescence is the property of light emission in simple and compound semiconductors. When electron-hole pairs are generated in a semiconductor, or when carriers are excited into higher impurity levels from which they fall into their equilibrium states, light can be given off by the material. Luminescence can be divided into photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL) or electroluminescence (EL) according to the excitation mechanism such as excitation by photons, excitation by the bombardment of high energy electrons, or excitation by introduction of current into the sample, respectively [1]. PL and EL have been demonstrated in porous silicon. Red emission at 700 nm is believed to be due to defect states in porous Si where the band gap of nano-silicon changes from 1.1 eV to 2.6 eV............

[1]. Ben G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, "Excess carriers in semiconductors", in Solid-State Electronic Devices, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, Seventh Indian Reprint, pp. 111, 2000.
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[3]. L.T. Canham, "Silicon quantum wire array fabrication by electrochemical and chemical dissolution of wafers", Appl. Phys. Letts, vol. 57, pp.1046-1048, 1990.
[4]. Ms. A. Gupta, V.K. Jain, "Luminescence from porous silicon", Defence Science Journal, vol.48, pp.61-68, 1998.
[5]. S. Lombardo, S.U. Campisano, G.N. van den Hoven, A. Polman, "Erbium in oxygen-doped silicon: Electroluminescence", J. Appl. Phys., vol.77, pp.6504-6510, 1995.

ABSTRACT: In the present Study, the triple differential cross sections (TDCS) are estimated for the ionization of metastable 3d-state hydrogen atoms by incident electron at 250 eV with exchange effects for various kinematic condition pursuing a multiple scattering theory. The present calculation are compared with the theoretical results of hydrogenic different metastable states as well as the hydrogenic ground state experimental data . Obtained new finding results are in good qualitative agreement with those of compared theories. The exchange effect results give an immense opportunity for experimental trial in the field of ionization problems.

Keywords: Electron, Ionization, Cross-Section, Scattering.

[1]. Bethe H , Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Korpuskularstrahlen durch Materie Annalen der Physik, 1930 ; 397, 325-400
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ABSTRACT: Iron oxide(Fe2O3) nanoparticle was successfully synthesized by using cost effective and eco-friendly green method assisted by leaf extract of Piper betle. The synthesized sample was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), UV-vis Spectrophotometer, Fourier transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and LCR meter. XRD confirms the formation of pure rhombohedral phase of Fe2O3. The lattice parameters and crystallite size of the synthesized sample were found to be 66.22 nm, a=b=0.5395 nm and c=1.388 nm. The surface morphology of the synthesized sample was revealed by SEM image, EDAX spectrumshows the presence of light element K, Cl and Mg in addition to Fe and O in the synthesized sample...........

[1]. N. A. Frey, S. Peng, K. Cheng and S. Sun. Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, functionalization and application in bioimaging and magnetic energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009;38:2532-2542.
[2]. P. Sun, L. You, D. Wang, Y. Sun, J. Ma, G. Lu. Synthesis and gas sensing properties of bundle like α- Fe2O3nanorods. Sensors and Actuators B. 2011;156:368-374.
[3]. W. Weiss, W. Ranke. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis on a well defined epitaxial iron oxide layers. Prog. Surf. Sci. 2002;70:1-151.
[4]. Jordan, R. Scholz, P. Wust, H. Fahling, R.J. Felix. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH): Cancer treatment with AC magnetic field induced excitation of biocompatible superparamganetc nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1999;201:413-419.
[5]. H. Shokrollahi, K. Janghorban. Soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs). Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2007;189:1-12.

ABSTRACT: The airborne magnetic data of Lokoja and Dekina, lower Benue Trough,Nigeria have been interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. Two aeromagnetic data sheets covering an area bounded by latitudes 7° 30' to 8° 00' North and longitudes 6° 30' to 7° 30' East were used for this study.Regional anomaly was removed from the total magnetic intensity field to obtain the residual anomaly field using polynomial fitting. The total magnetic intensity and residual intensity field showed range of magnetic anomalies which reveal that the study area is magnetically heterogeneous. Forward and Inverse modeling techniques were employed in quantitative interpretation with............

Keywords : Airborne magnetic data, forward and inverse modeling, lower Benue Trough

[1]. Ezema, P. O., Eze, I. D., Ugwu, G. Z. and Abudullahi, U. A. (2014). Hydrocarbon and mineral exploration in
Abakiliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Int. J. Eng. Sci., 3(1): 24 - 30.
[2]. Obiora, D. N., Idike, J. I., Oha, A. I., Soronnadi-Ononiwu, C. G., Okwesili, N. A. and Ossai, M. N. (2018). Investigation of magnetic anomalies of Abakaliki area, Southeastern Nigeria, using high resolution aeromagnetic data. Journal of Geology and Mining Research,10(6): 57-71.
[3]. Ofoegbu, C. O. (1984). Interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies over the lower and middle Benue Trough of Nigeria. Geophys. J.R. Astro. Soc., 79: 813-823.
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[5]. Ugwu, G. Z. and Ezema, P. O. (2012). Forward and inverse modeling of aeromagnetic anomalies over Abakaliki and Nkalagu areas of the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria. Int. Res. J. Geol. Mining, 2(8): 222-229..

ABSTRACT: Second order non linear optics is widely used to convert the frequency of coherent Laser sources. Applications such as Laser based communication, remote sensing and a water measure system require improved non-linear optical materials for accomplishing such applications. MTC is one such promising semi organic material and a limited work has been done. Even though NLO materials have very high SHG efficiency, they have poor physico-chemical stability. In order to overcome these difficulties, researchers grow metallic, semi organic single crystals. So, In the present study, Pure and Zinc doped Magnesium thiourea chloride single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation method in the dopant concentration 1:0.01, 1:0.02, 1:0.03, 1:0.04, and 1:0.05.............

[1]. S. Alfred Cesil Raj et al, Arch. Phy.Res., 2012,3(2):130-137
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[4]. R.Ezhil vizhi et al, Mat and Manufacturing Processes 27 :53-57, 2012
[5]. R.Rajasekaran et al, J of crystal growth 229 (2001) 563-567

ABSTRACT: Single crystals of semi organic non-linear L-Valine potassium nitrate and L-Valine lithium nitrate grown by slow evaporation method using water as a solvent. The L-Valine phase was confirmed by single crystal powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Presence of various functional groups of L-Valine was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectrum (FT-IR)and non-linear optical property is examined byKurtz powder technique. The optical behavior was analysed by Ultra violet –vis spectrum and found that the crystal is transparent in the region between the 200-1100nm. Hence it may be very much useful for the second harmonic generation (SHG) applications. The crystal was thermally stable up to 215ºC (VPN) and 235ºC (VLN) as determined by DSC-TGA studies and mechanical stabilities of crystal have been confirmed by Vicker's microhardness study. Dielectric constant was measured with various frequencies as a function of temperature.

Keywords : L-Valine, Second harmonic generation ,Micro hardness ,dielectric studies ,thermal analysis

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ABSTRACT:The problem of melting a finite silver selenide (Ag2Se) slab induced by pulsed laser source is studied .The integral form of the heat diffusion equation and boundary condition of fourth kind are considered to obtain the rate of melting and the thickness of the molten layer. It is found from the obtained expressions for both functions that they depend linearly on the maximum power irradiance of the considered laser pulse , while the dependence on the other operating conditions is not linear .Computations for an illustrative example are given.

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