IOSR-JAP   Volume-12 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. – Dec. 2020

ABSTRACT: An alternative electromagnetic field can carry momentum, therefore one can move by pushing off the field. It is enough to combine the self-action that occurs in an unclosed electric conductor and single-wire electric power transmission.

Keywords: Self-force, Unclosed electric conductor, Single-wire electric current transmission, Conservation of momentum, Alternative electric current, Reactive motion.

[1]. Millis M.G. NASA breakthrough propulsion physics program. Acta Astronautica. 1999; 44(2-4):175-182.
[2]. Puthoff H.E. Can the vacuum be engineered for spaceflight applications? Overview of theory and experiment. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 1998; 12(1): 295-302.
[3]. Shawyer R. Second generation EM-Drive propulsion to SSTO launcher and interstellar probe. Acta Astronaunica. 2015; 116(11-12): 166-174.
[4]. White H., March P., Lawrence J., Vera J., Sylvester A. Measurement of impulse thrust from a closed frequency cavity in vacuum. Journal of Propulsion and Power. 2017; 33(4): 830-841.
[5]. Wu C.W. Comments on theoretical foundation of EM drive. Acta Astronautica. 2018; 144(1): 214-215.

ABSTRACT: Zinc lithium arsenic strontium vanadium bismuth borate glasses containing Er3+ in (35- x): Bi2O3:10ZnO:10Li2O:10As2O:10SrO2:10V2O5:15B2O3:xEr2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectrawere recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross–section of various emission lines have been evaluated.

Keywords: ZLASVBB Glasses, Optical Properties, Judd-Ofelt Theory, Rare earth ions.

[1]. Vijaya, N., and Jayasankar, C.K. (2013).Structural and spectroscopic properties of Eu3+ - doped zinc fluorophosphate glasses, J. Mol. Struct. 1036, 42–50.
[2]. Martin, R.A. and Knight, J.C. (2006).Silica- clad neodymium-doped lanthanum phosphate fibers and fiber lasers, IEEE Photon Technol .Lett. 18(4), 574-576.
[3]. Ramteke,D.D.,Annapurna, K., Deshpande,V.K. andGedam,R.S.(2014).Effect of Nd3+ on spectroscopic properties of lithium borate Glasses, Journal of Rare Earth,32, 1148-1153.
[4]. Kothandan,D.andKumar, R J.(2015).Optical properties of rare earth doped borate glasses,International Journal of chemTech Research 8(6), 310-314.
[5]. Pawar,P. P., Munishwar,S.R.andGedam,R.S.(2016).Physical and optical properties of Dy3+/Pr3+ co-doped llithium borate glasses for W-LED, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 660, 347-355.

ABSTRACT: Present research work exhibit perfect reinforcing in different optical parameters of thiourea metal complex (TMC) on potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal. The pure and TMC doped KDP crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The optical traits of the doped crystal have been systematically examined by UV-visible spectral analysis within the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. This investigation presents the detail study of optical properties transmittance, band gap, refractive index, reflectance, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity, real dielectric constant and imaginary dielectric constant of TMC doped KDP crystal. The Kurtz-Perry powder test has been employed to determine the enhancing effect of thiourea metal complex on the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of KDP crystal and it found to be 1.78 times reference material..

Keywords: Slow evaporation method; Non linear optics; optical studies; TMO.

[1]. Ambrose Rajkumar Mariadass, Stanly John Xavier S, Anbarasu S and Prem Anand Devarajan, Materials Research Innovations 23 (2017) 1.
[2]. V. Mohanraj, P. Sakthivel, S. Ponnuswamy, P. Muthuraja, M. Dhandapani, Materials Today, 8 (2019) 1.
[3]. M. Mahadevan, M. Magesh, K. Ramachandran, P. Anandan, M. Arivanandhan,Y. Hayakawa, 130 (2014) 416.
[4]. R. B. Kulkarni, M. Anis, S. S. Hussaini, M. D. Shirsat, Modern Physics Letters B 1850424 DOI: 10.1142/S0217984918504249.
[5]. R. Ezhil Vizhi, S. Kalainathan, and G. Baghavan Narayana, Cryst. Res. Technol. 42 (2007)1104..

ABSTRACT: Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage Theory is proposed based on aging of the universe in compliance with Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB). Principle of Parallelism is one of key foundations of Wu's Spacetime Theories. Both Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage Theory and Principle of Parallelism are used in the derivation of Hubble's Law without Dark Energy. A detailed interpretation and analysis of the derivation is presented. In addition, Wu's Spacetime Reverse Expansion Theory is proposed and Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage Rate is discussed.

Keywords: Yangton and Yington, Wu's Pairs, Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage, Wu's Spacetime Equation, Universe Expansion, Principle of Parallelism, Reverse Expansion, Cosmic Microwave Background, Cosmological Redshift, Hubble's Law

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015, Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242. [2]. Edward T. H. Wu" Five Principles of the Universe and the Correlations of Wu's Pairs and Force of Creation to String Theory and Unified Field Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, pp. 17-21. [3]. Penzias, A. A.; Wilson, R. W. (1965). "A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s". The Astrophysical Journal. 142 (1): 419–421. Bibcode: 1965ApJ… 142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. [4]. Edward T. H. Wu, Redshift Caused by Acceleration Doppler Effect and Hubble's Law Based on Wu's Spacetime Accelerating Shrinkage Theory, American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 6, No. 1, 2017, pp. 10-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20170601.12.

ABSTRACT: The effect of changing light wave lengths on the solar cell performance was studied using wave lengths, 450,550, 600, 850, 900 and 1000nm, which are exposed to the cell. It was found that the maximum produced current and the cell efficiency decrease upon increasing the wave length. These results conform with the theoretical relation, which shows that increasing the wave length, increases photon energy which in turn increases the current which increases the cell efficiency.

Keywords: wave length, solar cell, maximum current, photon, efficiency.

[1]. S. M. S, physics of Semiconductors Devices Physics and Technology, Willy, 2006. [2]. Peter Wurfel, Physics of Solar Cells, Wily- VCH, 2005. [3]. C. Hosberg and S. Bowden, Photovoltaic, Devices, System and Applications, J. Appl. Phys, 2011. [4]. H. Sons, Solar Power about Solar Power Clean Technic retrieved, 2016. [5]. Tiwari, Solar energy fundamentals, design, modeling and applications, Alpha Science, Pang Bourne, 2012.

ABSTRACT: How does the radius of a mass moving in a circular affect the frequency it spins with in a horizontal circular motion?.

[1]. " Centripetal Force Apparatus | Holmes ."Physicsall.com. N. p., 2020. Web. 13 Jan. 2020. [2]. Tsokos, K.A. Physics for the IB Diploma. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Nanotechnology is one of the most dynamic researches in modern materials science and technology. Eco friendly methods of green mediated synthesis of nanoparticles are the current research of nanotechnology. The present work leads to the synthesis of Ceria nanoparticles (Ceria NPs) from aqueous fruit extract of muskmelon(Cucumis melo) and watermelon(Citrulluslanatus). Synthesized nanoparticles are characterized under UV-Vis Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The functional groups present in the nanoparticles are studied using FT-IR analysis. Raman spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticles confirm the fluorite cubic structure of synthesized Ceria NPs. Additionally, CeriaNPs perform well as a photo-catalyst by degrading Methylene Blue dye.

KEYWORDS: Cerium oxide nanoparticles, Muskmelon(Cucumis melo), watermelon(Citrulluslanatus), Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye, Photocatalytic activity.

[1]. F. Charbgoo, M. Bin Ahmad, M. Darroudi, Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Green synthesis and biological applications, International Journal of Nanomedicine. (2017). https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S124855.
[2]. G. Sai Priya, A. Kanneganti, K. Anil Kumar, K. Venkateswara Rao, S. Bykkam, Bio Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles using Aloe Barbadensis Miller Gel, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 4 (2014) 1–4. www.ijsrp.org.
[3]. T. Masui, H. Hirai, N. Imanaka, G. Adachi, T. Sakata, H. Mori, Synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles by hydrothermal crystallization with citric acid, Journal of Materials Science Letters. 21 (2002) 489–491. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015342925372.
[4]. L.S. Reddy Yadav, K. Manjunath, B. Archana, C. Madhu, H. Raja Naika, H. Nagabhushana, C. Kavitha, G. Nagaraju, Fruit juice extract mediated synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles for antibacterial and photocatalytic activities, European Physical Journal Plus. 131 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2016-16154-y.
[5]. M. Nyoka, Y.E. Choonara, P. Kumar, P.P.D. Kondiah, V. Pillay, Synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using various methods: Implications for biomedical applications, Nanomaterials. 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020242.

ABSTRACT: Subatomic Equilibrium and Subatomic Properties are proposed as the foundations of Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence and Principle Parallelism. With Wu's Spacetime Equation, a group of Wu's Spacetime Theories associated with length, time, velocity and acceleration of Corresponding Identical Objects or Events are derived. Physical phenomena such as Deflection of Light, Perihelion Precession of Mercury, General Relativity, Gravitational Time Dilation, Cosmological Redshift and Gravitational Redshift are explained. In addition, a system transformation diagram between subatomic equilibrium states and corresponding identical objects or events is used for the derivation and interpretation of Wu's Spacetime Field Equations. Furthermore, a comparison with Einstein Field Equations is discussed.

Keyword: Yangton & Yington, Wu's Pairs, Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence, Principle of Parallelism, Wu's Spacetime Equation, Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage Theory, General Relativity, Gravitational Time Dilation, Cosmological Redshift, Gravitational Redshift, Deflection of Light, Mercury Perihelion Precession, Einstein's Field Equations, Wu's Spacetime Field Equations, Hubble's Law, Universe Expansion, Spacetime Reverse Expansion.

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Particle Structures and Unified Field Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Hypothetical Theory". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 165-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp. 20150404.13.
[2]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Gravitational Waves, Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and Coulomb's Law of Electrical Forces Interpreted by Particle Radiation and Interaction Theory Based on Yangton & Yington Theory". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016, pp. 20-24. doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20160502.11.
[3]. Einstein A. (1916), Relativity: The Special and General Theory (Translation 1920), New York: H. Holt and Company.
[4]. Penzias, A. A.; Wilson, R. W. (1965). "A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s". The Astrophysical Journal. 142 (1): 419–421. Bibcode: 1965ApJ… 142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence and Principle of Parallelism as the Foundations of Wu's Spacetime Theories." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(4), 2020, pp. 50-57.

ABSTRACT: What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction of a red laser beam incident on an air-water surface?

[1]. Tsokos, K. A. Physics for the IB Diploma. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
[2]. "Huygens Principle" ResearchGate | Find and share research. (n.d.). Retrieved May 4, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/ (Figure one citation)
[3]. Huygens–Fresnel principle. (2020, April 23). Retrieved May 04, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principle (Figures two and three citation)