IOSR-JAP   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2021

ABSTRACT: This measurement aims to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) of the sample. This paper used (C22H44O2) Behenic fatty acid, exposed to gamma rays (γ), emitted from various sources 57Co, 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 54Mn, and60Cowith energies from 0.122 to 1.330 MeV. It exposes the compound to gamma rays and discloses the radiation force that passes through the sample, the rest of the gamma radiation attenuated. A (NaI) fluorescence detector (Tl) with an accuracy of 8.2% (at 662 kV) was used for the gamma-ray detector beam. An advantage of using (μ/ρ) coefficient data can be obtained effective atomic numbers, atomic cross-section, and effective electron densities.All the obtained practical values were compared with the theoretical values available online "XCOM Program", and a good agreement was reached between experiment and theory.

Keywords: mass attenuation coefficient, emitted of gamma rays, radioactive sources, NaI (Tl) scintillation detector.

[1]. I. Kaplan, Nuclear Physics, no. 2. Addison-Wesley, 1963.
[2]. D. C. Tayal, Nuclear Physics, no. 2. Himalaya Publishing House, 2009.
[3]. C. Laxman, "Study of Attenuation Coefficients of Leaves of Asoka Plant by Using Cs and Tl Sources," Res. J. Phys. Sci. Res. J. Phys. Sci, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 2320–4796, 2013.
[4]. P. P. Pawar, C. S. Mahajan, R. G. B. Arts, S. B. L. Commerce, and R. B. Science, "Measurement of mass and linear attenuation coefficients of gamma-rays of Glycine for," Sci. Res. Report., vol. 3, no. April, pp. 53–56, 2013, [Online]. Available: https://jsrr.net/Vol. 3, No. 1 April 2013/Pawar 53-56.pdf.
[5]. P. S. Kore and P. P. Pawar, "Measurements of mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of some amino acids," Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 98, pp. 86–91, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.038

ABSTRACT: Interaction of current elements in an unclosed system occurs with violation of Newton's third law. A thin magnetized disk coupled with the unclosed part of a conductor turns out to have a very large self-force. This force completely compensates for the force of action, and the force of reaction is zero.

Keywords: Self-force, Conservation of momentum, Magnetized body, Unclosed conductor, Force of action.

[1]. Cavalleri G, Bettoni G, Tonni E, Spavieri G. Experimental proof of standard electrodynamics of measuring the self-force on a part of current loop. Physical Review E. 1998; 58(2): 2505-2517.
[2]. Gerasimov S.A. Self-interaction and vector potential in magnetostatics. Physica Scripta. 1997; 56(5): 462-464.
[3]. Phipps T.E., Phipps T.E.(Jr). Observation of ampere forces in mercury. Physics Letters A. 1990; 58(2): 6-14.
[4]. Asis A.K.T., Hernandes J.A. The electric force of a current, Montreal: Apeiron, 2007.
[5]. Gerasimov S.A., Kovalev V.V. Self-torque: measurement and interpretation. Engineering Physics. 2019; 11: 30-34.

ABSTRACT: In anisotropic media with an electronic type of charge carriers, an increasing thermomagnetic wave is excited under certain conditions. Analytical formulas are found for the frequency and for the increment of this
wave. The analytical formulas for the tensor of electrical conductivity of the medium are indicated in the form of a table. A formula is found for the ratios of the temperature gradient.

Keywords: tensor, electrical conductivity, frequency, increment, hydrodynamic motion, temperature gradient, speed of sound waves, thermomagnetic wave

[1]. L.E. Gurevich. Thermomagnetic waves and excitation of a magnetic field in a nonequilibrium plasma ZhETF, 44, 1963, 548-555
[2]. Gurevich L.E., Vladimirov V.I. Kinetic properties of a discharged plasma with high radiant pressure and the effects of mutual
enhancement of electrons and photons, ZhETF, 1963, 44, p. 166-176
[3]. L.E. Gurevich V.I. Vladimirov ZhETF, 46 (3), 1964, 884-901
[4]. E.R. Hasanov, M.F. Novruzov, A.Z. Panahov, A.I. Demirel. Modern Physical Letter D, Vol.22, N06, 2008, 455-457
[5]. E.R. Hasanov, R.R. Huseynov, M.F. Novruzov. Energy generation and amplitude of thermomagnetic waves in the conducting
medium. 3rd International Conference on Technical and Physical Problems in Power Engineering 29-31 May 2006, Ankara, 653-
654

ABSTRACT: Power consumption control and energy efficiency maximization with robust data transmission rates in Gigabits, are the most essential factors driving toward the evolution of future fifth generation cellular communication
standards. One of the fundamental antenna deployment techniques to meet these performance targets is the use of large scale multiple antenna systems called Massive MIMO (M-MIMO). Previous works focused on the
enhancement of energy of narrowband system with a single carrier, which uses one or few antennas at the transmitter and receiver via energy-aware link adaptation technique In this is work, energy-aware link
adaptation technique is studied in a single- cell downlink M-MIMO antenna systems, under a broader range of influencing system service quality parameters: frame packet lengths, varying traffic loads in terms of number
active users and error rate targets. Simulation and analysis of the achievable.

Keywords: Massive MIMO, Power efficiency, Energy efficiency, packet length, bit error rate

[1]. Isabona, J and Konyeha. C.C (2013) ''Urban Area Path loss Propagation Prediction and Optimisation Using Hata Model at 800MHz'', IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), Vol. 3, Issue 4, pp.8-18.
[2]. Atenagam M and Isabona, J, (2018) Assessment of Radiated Electromagnetic Waves from Base Station Antennas using Calculation and Field Measurement Techniques, International Journals of Advanced
Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 8 (8), pp.46-56
[3]. Isabona, J (2018), ''Advances in MIMO Antenna Systems for Next Generation Mobile Broadband Networks: Achievable Sum Rates and Energy Efficiency, Advance Academic Publisher, Araji Bhupatpatti, Post- Muradganj, Jaunpur-222001 Uttar Pradesh, India.
[4]. Isabona, J, and K. Obahiagbon (2018), Impact of Linear and Nonlinear Channel Equalization Algorithms on User Achievable Rates and Energy Efficiency on Uplink Large Scale MIMO Techniques for Next Generation Networks, American Journal of Engineering Research, Vol. 7(6), pp.144-152.
[5]. Miao, G.; Himayat, N.; Li, Y.; and Swami, A. (2009). Cross-layer optimization for energy-efficient wireless communications: a survey, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 9 (4), 529-542.

ABSTRACT: Regression-based approximation of practical-based measurement observation is of great interest in physical sciences and telecommunication system engineering. This paper considers and appraise the performance application of three least square regression methodsfor electromagnetic field strength data estimation analysis. The three regression methods, which includes the ordinarylinear regression, ridge regression and lasso regression, algorithms were implemented with matlab 2018a software and compared to examine their regression fittingefficacies and scalability.......

Keywords: LTE,Field strength,Ordinary least square regression, Ridge regression, Lasso regression

[1]. T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, and J Friedman. The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. Springer, 2009. Second edition
[2]. Isabona, J, and Enagbonma, O(2014) A Least Absolute Deviation Tuning Method to reduce Signal Coverage Loss Prediction Error in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Channel optimization, International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 1, PP 44-55.
[3]. Bhaskaran K, Hajat S, Haines A, Herrett E, Wilkinson P, Smeeth L. Short term effects of temperature on risk of myocardial infarction in England and Wales: time series regression analysis of the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry. BMJ 2010;341:c3823.
[4]. Nicole Krr, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, and Gerhard Tutz. Penalized partial least squares with applications to b-spline transformations and functional data. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 94:60–69, 2008.
[5]. Isabona, J, and Azi. S.O, (2012). ''Optimised Walficsh-Bertoni Model for Pathloss Prediction in Urban Propagation Environment'', International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp 14-20

ABSTRACT: In the studies of very highly energetic cosmic ray interactions (VHECRI), the discovery of mass numbers relating to the primary nuclei firing up the atmospheric extensive air showers (EAS) is essential in understanding the nature of both VHECRI and EAS. The present study implements a simple analysis technique to determine the mass number of primary nucleus that starts the EAS cascade for processing the shower data coming from a detector height-level (~1400 m above sea level). CORSIKA 7.6900, which is the EAS-Monte Carlo generator, is used to produce detailed data on detector level and at primary.......

Keywords: primary event nuclei, CORSIKA, Very High Cosmic Rays Interactions (VHCRI), extensive air showers (EAS), spectral tail.

[1]. H. Kawai, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, et al., "Telescope array experiment", Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements, 175, (2008), 221-226.
[2]. The Pierre Auger Collaboration (J. Abraham (Buenos Aires, CONICET) et al.), "Measurement of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above Using the Pierre Auger Observatory", Phys. Lett., B 685, (2010), 239.
[3]. DIPSIKHA KALITA, K BORUAH, "Study of Lateral distribution Parameters from simulation of HE Cosmic Ray EAS", proceeding of 32ND INTERNATIONAL COSMIC RAY CONFERENCE, BEIJING, China, Vol. 1, ( 2011), 27-250.
[4]. T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev, "Cosmic Rays", in Review of Particle Physics. Particle Data Group (C. Amsler et al.), Phys. Lett. B, 667, (2008), 1.
[5]. The Pierre Auger collaboration (A. Aab (Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany), et al., "SEARCHES FOR ANISOTROPIES IN THE ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC RAYS DETECTED BY THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY", The Astrophysical Journal, 804:15,( 2015), 1-.18.

ABSTRACT: In the present study a method is developed to get and explore thermal properties of hot infinite nuclear matter in the phase of quark gluon plasma-gas. Two models (modified from MIT model to fit experimental data in nuclei collisions) are used as case studies. The models were introduced in the form of parametric barotropic equations of state for quark gluon plasma gas. The volumetric specific heat capacity at constant volume 𝑐𝑣, the adiabatic speed of sound 𝑐𝑠, and isentropic compressibility 𝜅𝑠 of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) have been calculated as continuous functions of total energy density. It is found that the speed of sound increases as the energy content of QGP increases, while 𝑐𝑣 and 𝜅𝑠 shows physical behavior like dilute gases.....

Keywords: MIT model; Buprenorphine; volumetric specific heat capacity; isentropic compressibility curve; Barotropic Equation of state.

[1]. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (AdultTreatment Panel III) Third report of the national cholesterol education (8)
[2]. program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of highblood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) finalreport. Circulation. 2002;106(25, article 3143).
[3]. Bener A, Zirie M, Janahi IM, Al-Hamaq AOAA, Musallam M, Wareham NJ.Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its risk factorsin a population-based study of Qatar. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2009;84(1):99–106.
[4]. Bener A, Zirie M, Musallam M, Khader YS, Al-Hamaq AOAA. Prevalence ofmetabolic syndrome according to adult treatment panel III and internationaldiabetes federation criteria: a population-based study. Metabolic Syndrome
[5]. V.V. Begun, M.I. Gorenstein, O.A. Mogilevsky, "MODIFIED BAG MODELS FOR THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA EQUATION
OF STATE", Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 20, (2011), 1805.

ABSTRACT: In the present work, Zinc doped (0wt%, 1wt% and 2wt%) TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by solgel method. Crystalline size of the Zinc doped TiO2 NPs were estimated by using DLS studies. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of anatase and rutile mixed phase of the synthesized NPs. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized NPs were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis reveals presence of Ti, Zn and O elements in the synthesized NPs. The optical properties are studied by using UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The optical bandgaps of the synthesized NPs were calculated by using Tauc plot.

Keywords: TiO2 nanoparticles, solgel method, anatase phase, rutile phase, Optical properties

[1]. D. Reyes-Coronado, G. Rodríguez-Gattorno, M.E. Espinosa-Pesqueira, C. Cab, R. De Coss, G. Oskam, "Phase-pure TiO2 nanoparticles: Anatase, brookite and rutile", Nanotechnology. vol.19 , pp 10, 2008, doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/14/145605.
[2]. A. Sharma, R.K. Karn, S.K. Pandiyan, "Synthesis of TiO 2 Nanoparticles by Sol-gel Method and Their Characterization", J. BasicAppl. Eng. Res. vol 1, no , 2014.
[3]. B.N. Cardoso, E.C. Kohlrausch, M.T. Laranjo, E. V. Benvenutti, N.M. Balzaretti, L.T. Arenas, M.J.L. Santos, T.M.H. Costa, "Tuning Anatase-Rutile Phase Transition Temperature: TiO/SiO Nanoparticles Applied in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells", Int. J. Photoenergy. 2019 (2019). doi:10.1155/2019/7183978.
[4]. A. Zaleska, "Doped-TiO2 : a review " Recent Patents on Engineering, 2 (2014) 157–164. doi:10.2174/187221208786306289.
[5]. S.P. and U.S. Bart Roose, "Doping of TiO2 for sensitized solar cells", (2015) 8326–8349. doi:10.1039/c5cs00352k.