IOSR-JAP   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2023

ABSTRACT: The study of the stages of the early evolution of the Universe is of interest from the point of view of physical and mathematical interpretation. One of the most promising and relevant is the apparatus of D-brane representation of early states in Universe, which can be used to represent phase transitions in the Universe and potential energy representations of different states. The transition to the geometric representation of soliton objects of the D-brane type allows us to represent the phase transition as a nesting of polyhedra. Using the apparatus of vector bundles and the fact of isomorphism of Universal bundles to vector bundles we have done the calculations of homotopic groups. Physical interpretation of the obtained result is connected with the observation of a transition from one solitonic state to another one with the corresponding equidistant set of energy levels......

Key Word: evolution of the Universe; D-brane; nesting of polyhedra; homotopic groups

[1]. Paul S. Aspinwall. D-Branes on Calabi-Yau Manifolds, arXiv:hep-th/0403166.
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ABSTRACT: Many Bell's Inequality experiments including the one received 2022 Nobel Prize in physics were attempted to prove that Bell's Inequalities cannot fulfill the experimental results, such that Einstein's Hidden Variables couldn't exist and quantum superposition and quantum entanglement are true. However, in photon multiple polarization experiments, because the data are taken from mixed sample spaces which opposes to the fundamental principle of Set Theory, the base of Bell's Inequality, therefore they can't be used to calculate Bell's Inequalities and to disapprove Hidden Variables. On the other hand, in electron entanglement experiments, because the Bell Inequalities applied are in lack of probability of polarization transformation and the experiments used have a variety........

[Keywords] Quantum Entanglement, Quantum Superposition, EPR Paradox, Bell's Inequality, Hidden Variables, Electron Spin, Photon Spin, Optical Polarization, Magnetic Polarization

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[4]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Particle Structures and Unified Field Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Hypothetical Theory". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 165-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp. 20150404.13.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Quantum Entanglement and Hidden Variables Interpreted by Yangton and Yington Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(2), 2020, pp. 39-46...

ABSTRACT: Libya has been facing severe electricity crisis since 2014 due to the enormous difference in demand and supply leading to load shedding of several hours daily across the country. In our country, the solar energy would definitely be a best option for future. To solve this issue, and for better solar industry in future in order to resolve energy crisis. We have used two different types of solar panels, monocrystalline and polycrystallinetechniques varying light concentrations for capability of generating power with no noise and emissions. Silicon solar cell as renewable energy resource has been extensively studied in the last three decades.To achieve this goal, the experimental measurementsof the extracting a current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristic.......

[Keywords] silicon solar cells;PV performance; I -V and P-V characteristics; Parameters extracting

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[5]. Heikki S. et al,―Overview of Optical Digital Measuring Challenges and Technologies in Laser Welded Components in EV Battery Module Design and Manufacturing‖, Batteries, 6, 2020, 47-61..

ABSTRACT: We bring our projects to life by capturing sunlight, so that we can transform our ideas into reality and create a more sustainable future. Thanks for 10 years of innovation, our photovoltaic technology is light and can be easily integrated into any object. A thin -film solar cell is a second-generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin film TF of photovoltaic material on a substance such as glass, plastic or metal. Thin-film solar cells are commercially used in several technologies, including cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide and amorphous thin-film silicon..

Keywords: Thin-film solar cells, photo-voltaic material, solarpanels, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide and amorphous thin- film silicon

[1]. Nov 15, 2022. DOE/Ames Laboratory
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[5]. University of Michigan..

ABSTRACT: The problem of radial free fall one of the most interesting problems in black holes physics. Using the Generalized Metricusing the velocity and acceleration equations of radial free falling massive particle has been formulated. Applying weak field approximation of generalized equations of velocity and acceleration,the same GR equations for acceleration and velocity obtained

Keywords: Generalized Metric,Schwarzschild Black Holes,General relativity (GR), generalized field equation (GFE)

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