IOSR-JAP   Volume-6 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Analysis of Different Parameters of Architectural Buildings
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Neetu Bargoti, A. K. Srivastava
	:	10.9790/4861-06230106

ABSTRACT: Today much importance is given to the acoustical buildings. It plays an important role in creating an acoustically pleasing environment. In this paper an attempt has been given to analysis of different parameters of architectural buildings. Before 1900 A.D. there was no basis of the design of rooms and balls for huge gatherings because the causes of bad hearing were not known to them. In ancient and medieval periods the designs of buildings like Bhuvneshwar temple , Taj Mahal and St. Paul's Cathedral in London etc. in which sound produced kept on reverberating for a pretty long period, were looked upon with an eye of awe, reverence and a piece of admiration and appreciation.

[1]. Claudio Braccesi and Anderea Bracciali "Least Squares Estimation of Main Properties of Sound Absorbing Materials Through Acoustical Applied Acoustic Measurements "54 (i) : 59-70, 1998.
[2]. Francisco Simon and Jaime Pfretzschner "Guidelines for the Acoustic Design of Absorptive Devices, Noise and Vibration World Wide " 2004.
[3]. Frank, Fahy; Foundation of Engineering Acoustics " San Diego , Calif ; London: Academic Press. 2001.
[4]. Knapen E.R etal , "Sound Absorption by Polymer, Modified Porous Cement Mortars" 6th International Conference on Materials Science and Restoration MSR-vi Aedificatio Publishers pp:347-358, 2003.
[5]. Koizumi T, N. Tsugeuchi and A Adachi "The Development of Sound Absorbing Materials using Natural Bamboo Fibres, High Performance" WIT Press , 2002.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of surface recombination in multi-crystalline silicon solar cells
Country	:	India
Authors	:	C. Pugazhenthi1, A. Vigneshwaran
	:	10.9790/4861-06230710

ABSTRACT: Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell was fabricated using crystalline p-substrates with emitter front contact of n-type crystalline silicon. This paper reviews that an efficiency of the Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell which was analysed to demonstrate the surface recombination of the substrate that affects the performance of the solar cell, was investigated in detail by computer simulation using PC1D software. The surface recombination was found to be a key factor to affect the performance of the solar cell.

[1] Nicola Armaroli, Vincenzo Balzani, The Future of Energy Supply: Challenges and Opportunities. 2006.Angewandte international edition, volume 46.
[2] Laura L. Tobin, Thomas O'Reilly, Dominic Zerulla, John T. Sheridan, Characterisingdye-sensitised solarcells. 2011.Optic-international journal for light and electron optics. Volume 122. [3] D.L.Staebler and C.R.Wronski, Reversible conductivity changes in discharge‐produced amorphous Si.2008. Applied physics letters. Volume 31. [4] V.M. Fthenakis , H.C. Kim,Photovoltaics:Life-cycleanalyses. 2011. Solar energy.Volume 85.
[5] Donald A. Clugston and Paul A. Basore, PClDversion 5:32-bit solar cell modeling on personal computers,Photovoltaics Special Research Centre University of New South wales, Sydney 2052, Auslralia.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Electromagnetic Mirror Nuclear Reaction Controler
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Saurabh Daripa
	:	10.9790/4861-06231114

ABSTRACT: A particle can be trapped inside such a mirror field (electric and magnetic field) and its velocity, acceleration and all other type of kinematic movement can be controlled.

Keywords: Nuclear reaction controller, electric field sensor, electromagnetic mirror, energy source

[1]. library.web.cern.ch/particle_physics information
[2]. physics.web.cern.ch/Physics/ParticleDetector/BriefBook
[3]. www.wikipedia.org
[4]. Controlling the Motion of Charged Particles in Vacuum Electromagnetic Field from Boundary Luis R. Suazo and Weijiu Liu

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Numerical simulation of InXGa1-XN single junction solar cells using AMPS-1D
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A. K. Das
	:	10.9790/4861-06231520

ABSTRACT: The solar cell structure based on indium gallium nitride (InGaN) as the absorber layer is simulated using the one dimension (1D) simulation program 'Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures' (AMPS) that was initially developed at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. In this paper, I have used the global air mass AM 1.5G (one sun) illumination (100mW/cm2, 0.30μm-1.1μm) to calculate the optimum efficiency of single junction solar cells with different band gap energy (Eg) varies from 1.12eV to 1.92eV by varying mole fraction ( ) of In with and without un-doped (i) layer between p and n layers of the cell.

[1] Jani, O., Ferguson, I., Honsberg, C., Kurtz, S., "Design and characterization of GaN/InGaN solar cells," Appl. Phys.Lett., 91, 2007, 132117.
[2] Xiaobin Zhang et al, "Simulation of In0.65Ga0.35 N single-junction solar cell" J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, 2007, 7335–7338.
[3] Hamzaoui, H., Bouazzi, A. S. and Rezig, B., "Theoretical possibilities of InxGa1-xN tandem PV structures," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 87, 2005, 595-603.
[4] Tae Hoon Seo et al., "Improved photovoltaic effects in InGaN-based multiple quantum well solar cell with graphene on indium tin oxide nanodot nodes for transparent and current spreading electrode" Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 2013, 031116.
[5] Fonash, S. et al., http://www.cneu.psu.edu/amps/.
[6] Wu, J., Walukiewicz, W., Yu, K. M., Ager III, J. W., Haller, E. E., Lu, H., Schaff, W. J., Saito, Y. and Nanishi, Y., "Unusual properties of the fundamental band gap of InN," Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 2002, 3967-3969

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation of Radiation Energy Balance in Some Selected Cities in Nigeria.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Isikwue, B. C.1*, Akiishi1, M. , Utah, E. U
	:	10.9790/4861-06232127

ABSTRACT: The evaluations of radiation energy balance are hereby present some selected cities in the tropical forest and savannah zones of Nigeria. The data used for the study were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) Abuja, (1990-2010). The results among other things show that the albedo was generally high (60 to 64%), in all the locations considered, implying that majority of the solar radiation in these locations did not reach the surface. However, there are increases in the radiation balance in Port Harcourt and Makurdi locations, whereas in Enugu and Kano, the curves indicate negative or decrease in radiation balance

[1]. Ezenekwe, L.N; Ezemonye, M.N and Emeribe C.N. (2013): Modeling the temporal patterns of short wave and long wave radiations over Sudan and Sahel Savannah. Sacha Journal of Environmental Studies, 3:34 – 44.
[2]. Ibeh, G. F; Eke V.O.C and Isikwue B.C. (2012): Theoritical and Artificial Neural Net work computation and Analysis of global solar radiation at Enugu with atmospheric parameter Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2(10): 2012.
[3]. Isikwue, B. C.; Amah, A. N. and Agada, P. O.(2012a): Empirical Model for the Estimation of Global Solar Radiation in Makurdi, Nigeria, Global Journal of Science frontier Research Physics Space Science (USA), 12 (1):58 – 61
[4]. Isikwue, B. C., Odiaka, C. H. and Utah, E. U. (2012b): Estimation of the diffuse fraction of Solar Radiation for Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 2(2): 1- 4.
[5]. Isikwue, B. C., Audu, M. O. and Utah, E. U. (2012 c): Estimation of the diffuse fraction of solar radiation for Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 2 (2): 1-10

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Luminescence studies on lanthanide ions (Gd3+, Tb3+) doped YAG:Ce phosphors by combustion synthesis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Manisha Upasani, Bhavana Butey , S.V.Moharil
	:	10.9790/4861-06232833

ABSTRACT: YAG:Ce,RE (RE:Gd3+;Tb3+) phosphors have been synthesized by combustion synthesis employing glycine-urea fuels at 5000C. Crystal structures, luminescent properties of the phosphors are analyzed. XRD study of polycrystalline powder shows the formation of YAG phase at low temperature. The emission spectra of phosphors shows gradual shift towards longer wavelength with the increase of doping concentration of Gd3+/Tb3+ ion. However co-doping results in significant decrease in the emission intensity. Keywords: w-LED, YAG:Ce, codoping, red shift

[1]. Y Jia,N Guo, Y Zheng, H Qiao, W Lv, Qi Zhao, and H You; Chem Phys Chem 13, (2012), 3383 – 3387.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Structural and dc conductivity Studies of Cd0.8-x PbxZn0.2S Mixed Semiconductor Compounds
Country	:	India
Authors	:	T. Shekharam, V. Laxminarasimha Rao, G. Yellaiah, T. Mohan Kumar, M. Nagabhushanam
	:	10.9790/4861-06233439

ABSTRACT: Cd0.8-xPbxZn0.2S ( x= 0-0.8 ) semiconductor powders have been prepared by controlled Co-precipitation Method in an alkaline medium using Thiourea as a sulphide source. Pellets of these powders are sintered at 8000C for 2hours in Nitrogen atmosphere. X-Ray Diffractograms of these samples showed that they possess polycrystalline nature and its phase varied from Hexagonal to Cubic. Lattice parameters of all the compounds are determined. The dc electrical Conductivity of these bulk pellets has been studied using the Keithley electrometer over the temperature range 77-300K. It is observed that electrical conductivity increases with the increase in Pb concentration. The electrical conductivity measurements show that Cd0.8-xPbxZn0.2S compounds possess mixed conduction at low temperatures and is observed that the conductivity of Cd0.8-xPbxZn0.2S, mixed Semiconductors is enhanced with the inclusion of Pb. The results are explained based on the defects included by Pb atoms.
Keywords: Cd0.8-xPbxZn0.2S, Co-Precipitation, dc conductivity, quaternary semiconductors, XRD, VRH.

[1] M.A.Barote, A.A.Yadav, E.U.Masumdar, Effect of thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of chemically grown Cd0.825Pb0.175S thin films, Journal of Chemical, Biological & Physical Sciences,
[2] M.A.Redwan, L.I.Soliman, E.H.Aly, A.A.EL-Shazely and H.A.Zayed, Study of Electrical and optical properties of Cd1-xZnxS thin films, Journal of Materials Science, 38, 2003, 3449-3454.
[3] D.Patidar, N.S.Saxena andT.P.Sharma, Structural, Optical and electrical properties of CdZnS thin films, Journal of Modern Optics, Vol.55, No.1,10, Jan 2008 79-88
[4] Sanjeev Kumar and B.Bhattacharya, Variation of band gap in CdPbS with composition prepared by a precipitation technique, IndianJournal of Pure & Applied Physics, Vol.43, 2005, PP. 609-611
[5] T.Shekharam, G.Yellaiah, V.LaxmiNarasimha Rao, T.Mohan Kumar and M.Nagabhushanam, Effect of Pb on Structural and optical properties of Cd0.8-x PbxZn0.2S mixed semiconductor compounds for optoelectronic applications, International Journal of Materials Science and Technology, Vol.3, No.2 , 2013, PP. 57-76.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Gas flaring effects on temperature change in Amai Community area in Niger Delta region of Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Efenji G. I., Obi E. O., Kamgba F. A., Ituabhor Odesanya
	:	10.9790/4861-06234045

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the effects of gas flaring on the average temperature change in Amai community in Niger Delta region. This study focused on effects of gas flaring on temperature change (notably climate change) and effects of environmental pollution on temperature change. The study was carried out in Amai area in Niger Delta region. This research is aimed at determining the effects of the rise in temperature due to the flaring of gas in Niger Delta. Using the available data and information on volume of oil explored, volume of gas flared and temperature within corresponding period. To keep record of data the impact of industrial activities (oil exploration and exploitation) have made on the temperature of the Amai community.
Keywords: Temperature change, gas flared, Amai community, elevation and distance.

[1] Ekpenyong, E.(2006).Environmental crisis in Niger Delta. Daily Sun Newspaper of the wed. June, 2006 pg3.
[2] Chinedu, I, Chinna, A. (2001). Critical Issues of the Niger Delta: A research Paper, a publication of Niger Delta Environmental Network, Washington, University of Washington DC. 1:pp10-20.
[3] Oseji, O.J: Environmental impact of gas flaring within Umutu-Ebedei gas plan in Delta State, Nigeria, Archives of Applied Science Research, 2011, 3(6): 272-279.
[4] Awosika, L.F. (2000). Impact of Global Warming Climate Change and sea level rise on coastal resources and every development in Nigeria in: J. C.(ed). Global climate change; Impact on Energy development, DAMTECH Nigeria Ltd, Nigeria.
[5] Aneeji (2004). Oil poverty in Niger Delta. A publication of the African Network for Environmental and Economics justice 1:pp 10-20.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Total Ozone Column Trends over Five Iraqi Selected Provinces Using TOMS Data
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Ali M. AL-Salihi, Zahraa M. Hassan
	:	10.9790/4861-06234657

ABSTRACT: Monthly and annual values of the total column ozone(TOC) amount have been analyzed for five stations of Iraq for the period from 1979 to 2012 employing Total ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data point, It is found that ozone variation is function of latitude, where the higher values of total ozone column occurs at the northern station which represented by Mosul station, it decreases gradually from northern station (Mosul) passing by middle region stations (Biji, Baghdad and Rutba) to southern station (Basra). The values of Total ozone column start to increase gradually from November to reach its maximum at March then it decreases gradually to reach its minimum values at October.

[1]. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 47, 498 pp. Geneva, 2003.
[2]. Mcfarlane, N. 2008, Connections Between Stratospheric Ozone and Climate: Radiative Forcing., Climate Variability and Change., ATMOSPHERE – OCEAN, 46: 139-158.
[3]. FIOLETOV, V.E. 2008., Ozone Climatology, Trends and Substances That Control Ozone., Atmosphere – OCEAN, 46: 39-67.
[4]. FRIELER, K., REX, R. J. SALAWITCH, T. CANTY, M. STREIBLE, R. M. STIMPLE, K. PFEILSTICKER, M. DORF, D. K. WEISENSTEIN and S. GODIN – BEEKMANN. 2006, Toward a Better Quantitative Understanding of Polar Stratospheric Ozone Loss., Geophys, Res. Lett. 33: L10812, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025466.
[5]. KERR, J.B. and V.E. FIOLETOV. 2008, Surface Ultraviolet radiation., ATMOSPHERE – OCEAN, 46: 159 – 184.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Zn substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of Co1-xZnxFe2O4 nano-ferrites
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	S. Nasrin, S. Manjura Hoque, F.-U.-Z Chowdhury, M. Moazzam Hossen
	:	10.9790/4861-06235865

ABSTRACT: Polycrystalline samples of Co1–xZnxFe2O4 with stoichiometric proportion (x) varying from 0.2 to 0.8 were prepared through the wet chemical co-precipitation method. The samples were sintered at 200ºC and 400ºC for 3 h and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. XRD studies revealed the formation of single phase spinel cubical structure. The values of lattice constant, grain size, X-ray density, bulk density, porosity, ionic radii, bond length and hoping length of tetrahedral and octahedral sites have been calculated using X-ray diffraction data.

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