IOSR-JAP   Volume-6 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Electrical Conductivity Study of Pvc: Pmma Polymer Blend Thin Film Thermoelectret Using Al, Cu And Ag Electrodes
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Gyanmala Saxena, Dr. Y. K. Kulshrestha, Dr. J. K. Upadhyay
	:	10.9790/4861-06340114

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study is to determine the electrical conductivity of the PVC: PMMA polymer blends in thin film thermoelectret form using Al ,Cu and Ag as electrode material at various temperatures in the range 323K to363K . Al-film-Al, Al-film-Cu, and Al-film-Ag structure has been investigated for presenting the results in the form of I-V characteristics. Analysis on various results has been made by interpretation of Poole-Frenkle , Fowler –Nordheim ,Schottky ln J vs T plots, and Richardson plots ,which suggests that Schottky Rechardson mechanism are primarily responsible for the observed conclusions.
Keywords: Electrical Conductivity, Electrode material, Polymer, PVC: PMMA Polymer Blend, Schottky Rechardson Mechanism,

[1] E.J. Carter, F.L. Gardiner, Polymer electronics-a flexible technology, ( iSmithers Rapra publishing 2009).
[2] S.H. Deshmukh, D.K. Burghate, V.P. Akhare, V.S. Deogaonkar, P.T. Deshmukh and M.S. Deshmukh, Electrical conductivity of polyaniline doped PVC-PMMA polymer blends, Bull. Mater. Sci. 30(1), Feb 2007, 51-56.
[3] Vijaya S. Sangawar and Neeraja A. Moharil, Study of Electrical, thermal and optical behavior of Polypyrrole filled PVC:PMMA thin film thermo electret, Chem. Sci. Trans. 1(2), 2012, 447-445.
[4] Dr. Y.K. Kulshrestha,Study of charge and emergy transfer mechanism in mixed crystals(thin films )of organic compounds. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sagar,India, 1980.
[5] A. Servini, A.K. Jonscher, Electrical conduction in evaporated silicon oxide films,Thin Solid Films, Elsevier, (3), 1969, 341-365.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Testing the Predictive Efficiencies of Four Angstrom-Type Models for estimating Solar Radiation in Bida Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwokoye A.O.C., Okonkwo G.N.
	:	10.9790/4861-06341517

ABSTRACT: This paper measures the predictive efficiencies of four empirical models developed for estimating global solar radiation in Bida (9.1°N, 6.02°E). A set of constants for Angstrom-type correlation of the linear, quadratic, cubic, and power form, were determined from sunshine-hours data measured over the period (2000 – 2012). The predictive efficiencies of the models were also compared with the actual efficiency. The results show that the models have equal efficiencies and therefore can be used separately, for calculating solar radiation in Bida.
Keywords: Predictive efficiencies, empirical models, linear, quadratic, cubic, power.

[1]. S.O. Udo, Contribution to the Relationship between Solar Radiation and Sunshine Duration of the Tropics, A case Study of Experimental data at Ilorin Nigeria, Turks J. Phys., 26, 2002, 229 – 236.
[2]. L.E. Akpabio and S.E. Etuk, Relationship between Global Solar Radiation and Sunshine Duration for Onne, Nigeria, Turks J. Phys., 27, 2003, 161 – 167.
[3]. I.T. Togrul, Estimation of Solar Radiation from Angstroms Coefficients By Using Geographical And Meteorological Data in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, J. Therm. Sc. Tech., 29 (2), 2009, 99 – 108.
[4]. C. Augustine and M.N. Nnabuchi, Analysis of some meteorological data for some selected Cities in the Eastern and Southern zone of Nigeria, African J. Environ. Sc. Tech., 4 (2), 2010, 92 -99.
[5]. V. Sivamadhavi and R.S. Selvaraj, Robust regression technique to estimate the global radiation. Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 41, 2012, 17 – 25.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Acoustic properties of Composite Coir Mats
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shiney A , Premlet B
	:	10.9790/4861-06341823

ABSTRACT: In this paper we report the acoustic characterization of coir mats –a biofibremat of various weaving patterns. Being non-hazardous and fully eco friendly with fairly good sound absorption, coir mats are suitable material for acoustic applications for building and automobiles. The study reveals the potential use of coir mats for acoustic absorption purposes. Coir mats of three different weaving were selected for the study viz.Panama, Herringbone and Boucle weaving pattern.The experiment is performed on an impedance tube apparatus as per ASTM E 1050/ISO 10534-2.The effect of latex backing and thickness on absorption coefficient are also studied. The experimental analysis is made for the frequency range 100 Hz-6300 Hz.The results reveals that the mats shows good absorption coefficient at high frequencies and also the mats with latex backing and increased thickness improves the absorption of coir mats.Coating mats with fire resistant material makes it suitable for building acoustics and automobiles.
Keywords: coir mats,panama weave,Herringbone weave,Boucle weave,Absorption coefficient, NRC, boimats, biofibre

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Extragalactic Survey of UV Galaxies Using GALEX
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Lakshmi S. Bose, K. Narayanankutty, N. V. Sujatha, Jayant Murthy
	:	10.9790/4861-06342427

ABSTRACT: We report here the results of the study of extragalactic radiation using number counts of galaxies at high galactic latitudes. For this study nine GALEX DIS targets around ELAISN1 in the North Pole. The overlapped regions of two missions cover an area of ~2 square degrees in the selected region. By comparing the point source catalogs of GALEX and Spitzer, we obtained the UV flux (both FUV & NUV) in magnitude for each matching galaxy. We then calculated the number counts of galaxies, N Objects/square degree/magnitude, from the region and compared it with the existing values in the literature. There is drop out of galaxies at the fainter end which is due to low resolution and sensitivity of GALEX when we compared it with Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS) region – ELIAS-N1 - centered at 16h10m01s, +54°30′36″. From this study we could establish the presence of unresolved objects in the GALEX field.
Keywords: GALEX, UV Number counts, UV magnitude, Extragalactic survey, resolved galaxies, unresolved objects

[1] D. Christopher Martin, "The Galaxy Evolution Explorer: A Space Ultraviolet Survey Mission", James Fanson, David Schiminovich ,Eds., Astrophysical Journal 619, L1-L6, 2005.
[2] Patrick Morrissey," The Calibration And Data Products Of Galex", Tim Conrow, Tom A. Barlow, Eds., Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 173, 682, 2007.
[3] Milliard B," Galaxy Counts At Ultraviolet Wavelengths (2000a)", Donas. J, Laget. M, Armand. C ,Eds., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 257, 24, 1992.
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[5] Teplitz H. I., "Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Of The Hubble Deep Field-North: Star Formation In Normal Galaxies At Z<1", Siana, B.; Brown, T. M.; Chary, R.; Colbert, J. W, Eds., Astronomical Journal, 132, 853, 2006.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Distribution of Dark Matter in Galaxies, In Search of the Dark Matter Particle
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	M. E. Isma'eel
	:	10.9790/4861-06342838

ABSTRACT: A new theory called, the Dark Matter Flow Theory based on fluid mechanics concepts, has been given for the first time to derive the density of the dark matter and its distribution inside galaxies and beyond. Although the results are chocking, however they exhibit a high congruence with the measured observations of the velocity rotation curves of galaxies. Also, the paper proposes a more general density profile with cosmic parameters that covers most types of galaxies. A comparison with the rotation disc velocities of the spiral galaxies NGC 4841, NGC 3198 and our Milky Way Galaxy has been given. The high congruence between the theory and the measured observations confirms the correctness of the theory proposed. The paper studies the variation of the cosmic parameters of the predicted disc velocities to show the wide range of galaxy's velocity curves covered by this theory. A comparison with NFW and Einasto profiles has been given, after adapting their equations with the derived results of this paper, to show the high accuracy of our given profile. An estimation of the mass of the dark matter particle has been given, which shows that it is within the range of CERN's reactivation in late 2014, which could be detected by CERN. The paper is considered a bold step in understanding the nature of dark matter and shows our inability to fully understand the physical world so far.
Index Terms: Dark Matter – Galaxy – Milky Way – Halos – Elementary Particle

[1]. LUX Dark Matter Experiment; http://luxdarkmatter.org/
[2]. Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX); http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Underground_Xenon_experiment
[3]. Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS); http://cdms.berkeley.edu/
[4]. M. E. Isma'eel, Sherif M. E. Ismaeel; "Gravitational Blue Shift Confirms the New Phenomenon of the Vertical Aether Flow into any Mass", IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861. Volume 5, Issue 1 (Nov. – Dec. 2013), PP 08- 14, www.iosrjournals.org
[5]. M. E. Isma'eel, Sherif M. E. Ismaeel; "The Phase Theory towards the unification of the Forces of Nature, The Heart beat of the Universe", IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861. Volume 5, Issue 5 (Jan. 2014), PP 16 - 25, www.iosrjournals.org

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Electrical and Thermoelectric properties of Cu doped Cd0.8Zn0.2S Compound prepared by modified Co-precipitation method
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K. Hadasa, G. Yellaiah, T. Sekharam, V.L.N. Rao , M. Nagabhushanam
	:	10.9790/4861-06343948

ABSTRACT: Cd0.8Zn0.2S compounds doped with different mol % of Cu (1.3, 2.5, 3.8, 5.0 and 6.1) have been prepared by modified chemical co-precipitation method (CCP method). Bulk Cd0.8Zn0.2S compounds have been prepared by adopting two different ways of mixing the solutions of constituent elements named as CCP-I & CCP-II. XRD studies have shown that the compounds grown by both methods are of polycrystalline nature. SEM micrographs have shown that the crystallites in CCP-I grown samples have needle like shape whereas the samples grown by CCP-II failed to show clear shape of the crystallites . The dc-electrical conductivity of all the samples grown by CCP-I & II are more than the undoped sample and the conductivity change in CCP-I samples is more than that of CCP-II samples. The variation in activation energy at low temperature region is more or less uniform than at high temperature region in CCP-II grown samples. TEP measurements have shown that all the samples have p-type semiconductor nature. Mobility of charge carrier was found to increase with the increase in temperature. This is governed by the scattering mechanism associated with inter-grain barrier height. It is observed In all the samples that the sum of the activation energy due to charge carriers and grain boundary potential is equal to the activation energy due to conductivity.

Keywords: Ternary semiconductor compounds, CCP method, Structural properties, Electrical and Thermoelectric properties.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Explanation of Raman Scattering Spectrum on the Basis of Semi Classical Model and Klein Gordon Equation 2
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	I. M. K. Medani, A. H. Abdelrahman, M. A. Ahmed, M. Izldeen, M. D. Abd-Alla, Mubarak M Ahmed
	:	10.9790/4861-06344952

ABSTRACT: Raman scattering process and itscorrespondingspectrum is widely used in science and industry. This process was explained by using classical physics and quantum harmonic model. Recently Schrödinger equation was used to explain this phenomenon. In this work semi classical model is used to provide mathematical equation framework of this phenomenon. A quantum model based on Klein-Gordon equation is also established to explain Raman scattering process. The advantage of this model is that it can explain and solve some problems in this process like Stokes and anti Stokes asymmetry.

Keywords: Raman Scattering, Klein Gordon, photons, electrons.

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