IOSR-JAP   Volume-7 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2015

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we report the determination of mesomorphic phase (third phase of polymers) using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Various authors have confirmed the existence of mesomorphic phase in polymers using XRD, solvent absorption and FT-Raman scattering techniques. Although, in an earlier work, a broad endothermic peak of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)(below Tg) was observed in the DSC thermogram, no attempt has yet been made to estimate the amount of mesomorphicphase,for lack of proper theory. In this paper,we report the percentage increase in the mesomorphic phase (%M) of both virgin and 2.4MeV proton-irradiated PET microfibres measured by DSC, and the results have been compared with XRD technique.
Keywords: PET .Mesomorphicphase . Proton irradiation .DSC .XRD

[1]. A. Brookes, J.M.Dyke, P.J. Hendra and S. Meehan , The FT-Raman spectroscopic study of polymers at temperatures in excess of 200° C, Spectrochim. Acta. A. 53(1997)2313.
[2]. B. Mallick, T. Patel and R.C. Behera, Mesomorphic phase sensitivity of polymer microfiber to proton irradiation, WW-EAP Newsletter (NASA). 6(2004)18.
[3]. T. Patel and S. Bal , Comparative study of structural parameters of normal and alkali-treated polyster fiber by SAXS, SEM and Instron. Polym. J.33(2001)121.
[4]. L.M. Ferreira, M.H. Casimiro, C. Oliveira, M.E. Cabeco Silva, M.J. Marques Abreu and A.Coelho, Thermal analysis evaluation of mechanical properties changes promoted by gamma radiation in surgical polymeric textiles, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B. 191(2002)675.
[5]. S. Fu, P. Wu and Z. Han, Tensile strength and rupture energy of hybrid poly(methylvinylsiloxane) composites reinforced with short PET fibers and wollastonite whiskers, Compos. Sci. Technol. 62 (2002) 3.
[6]. J. H. Chang, S. J. Kim, Y. L. Joo and S. S. Im, Poly(ethylene terephtalate) Nanocomposites by in-situ interlayer polymerization: the thermo-mechanical properties and morphology of the hybrid fibers, Polymer. 45 (2004) 919.

ABSTRACT: A solar fish dryer was design and constructed using a locally source materials. It was designed to determine the effect which is obvious during a beautiful sunset and solar rays with small angle of incidence are spread over a large surface with less energy per unit area. The efficiency of this fish dryer has been tested and was found to be effective in the sense that the temperature of the ice fish within the system raise to about 820c. The temperature attained was determined by a balance between the input of absorbed energy and the rate of the heat loss of the environment, and above all, is the effective use of drying fish. In view of the efforts at reducing emission and pollution to our environment, this research was carried out principally to design and construct a functional solar dryer from locally source materials. This dryer is capable of drying a piece of whole fish within some hours. All traces of moisture are been remove.

Keywords: Drying, Radiation, solar energy, solar fish dryer, Temperature,

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ABSTRACT: The transmittance of the deposited CuO thin film is very low at the UV region (200nm – 400nm) with an increasing transmittance at the visible region to a high transmittance at the near Infra red region. The optical reflectance of the film increases as wavelength increases with the highest reflectance value of about 20%. The result shows maximum refractive index of 2.5, the refractive index decreases with increasing pH values. Also seen is the increase in dielectric function with increase in photon energy is observed from the plot, further increase in the energy resulted in a decrease in the dielectric function until a constant value was obtained for all pH values. There is an increase in the optical conductivity as the pH value increases.

Keywords: Copper Oxide, pH, Optical constants, SILAR,

[1] K. Akimoto, S. Ishizuka, M. Yanagita, Y. Nawa, G.K. Paul, T. Sakurai, Solar Energy 80(6), 715 (2006).

[2] S.S. Jeong, A. Mittiga, E. Salza, A. Masci, S. Passerini, Electrochim. Acta 53(5), 2226 (2008).

[3] M.A. Brookshier, C.C. Chusuei, D.W. Goodman, Langmuir 15, 2043 (1999).

[4] A.Y. Oral, E. Mensur, M.H. Aslan, E. Basaran, J. Mat. Chem. And Phy. 83(1), 140 (2004).

[5] K.H. Yoon,W.J. Choi, D.H. Kang, Thin Solid Films 372, 250 (2000).

[6] B. Balamurugan, B.R. Mehta Thin Solid Films 396, 90 (2001).

ABSTRACT: We explored spin dependent electronic structural properties of two dimensional systems in the form of periodic and device structures. As a two dimensional system we mainly focused on ZnO sheets. In addition to ZnO sheets, C sheets were also examined in order to make a comparison in terms of spin dependent electronic structural properties. In the device structures, they were placed between two homogenous ferromagnetic Nickel (Ni) electrodes that helped us to investigate and analyze possible effects concerning the spin dependent behavior or spin polarization. Besides, induced magnetic moment was considered as well to reveal the magnetic properties of these two dimensional systems. In addition to perfect structures, we also studied the effect of distortion and doping atoms introduced in the sheets. It was observed that both the distortion and dopants provided by transition metal atoms have a crucial role on the electronic structural properties.

[1]. S.A. Wolf, D.D. Awschalom, R.A. Buhrman, J.M. Daughton, S. von Molnar, M.L. Roukes, A.Y. Chtchelkanova, D.M. Treger, "Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future", Science, Vol.; 294, pp;1488-1495, 2001.
[2]. G.A. Prinz, "Magnetoelectronics Applications", Science Campass, Vol.; 282, pp; 1660-1663, 1998.
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[5]. T. Matsuyama, C.M. Hu, D. grundler, G. Meier, and U. Merkt, "Ballistic Spin Transport and Spin Interference in Ferromagnet/InAs(2DEG)/Ferromagnet Devices", Physical Review B, Vol.; 65, (155322), pp; 1-13, 2002.
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ABSTRACT: Why should the wavefunction have a Guassian Function for a Harmonic Oscillator?

What is the lowest energy?
What does the " Zero point energy" signify?
When is a wavefunction oscillatory?
Does the wavefunction have any bearing with the turning points?
What is parity? When is parity even or odd?
Many such questions can be answered by the computational method. The computational methods used for
solving the second degree differential equation (Schroedinger's time independent equation) is by Runge-Kutta
fourth order method using Microsoft-Excel.

[1]. Eyvind Wichman, "Quantum Physics", Berkeley Physics Course, Vol 4 McGraw Hill Companies Inc.(2011)
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ABSTRACT: Several plantsare used for the purpose of causing sexual arousal, inducing venereal desire or increasing sexual pleasure and performance. The effect produced by this herbs could be associated to their composition of certain mineral elements that where known to have aphrodisiac effect such as: Fe, I,Mg, Mn, Se and Zn. The main purpose of this study is to determine the essential elements, which the elements of interest for this study belongs to and non-essential elements. One of the major problems that may be associated with the use of herbal remedies is the presence of potentially toxic mineral elements in the herbs.

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ABSTRACT: In this study, evaluation of clearness index (KT = H/H0) and diffuse ratio (HD/H) were carried out so as to assess the feasibility of solar energy utilization in the six selected tropical stations in South Western, Nigeria. Accumulated data of global solar radiation, minimum and maximum temperature were obtained from the Satellite –derived data from the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) through National Space Research and development Agency, Abuja. The data obtained covered a period of eleven years (January, 1985 – December, 2005).

[1]. Akhlaque A.M; Firoz A and Wasim, M.A (2009), 'Estimation of Global and Diffuse Solar Radiation for
[2]. Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan', Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol. 5, No2, pp 73-77
[3]. Augustine C. and NnabuchiM.N (2009): ' Relationship between Global Solar Radiation and Sunshine hours for Calabar, Port Harcourt and Enugu, Nigeria,' International Journal of Physical SciencesVol,. 4 (4) pp 182 -- 188.
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[5]. Chukwuemeka A and Nnabuchi, M.N (2009), 'Solar Radiation in Port Harcourt: Correlation with Sunshine Duration', The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.10 (1): 681–685.
[6]. Ezekwe, C.I and Ezeilo, C.C.O. (1981): 'Measured Solar Radiation in a Nigerian Environment compared with predicted data'. Solar Energy, 26 pp. 181 -186.
[7]. Falayi, E.O and Rabiu, A.B (2011): 'Estimation of Global Solar radiation using cloud cover and surface temperature in some selected cities in Nigeria.' Scholar Research Library vol. 2 (3) pp 99 – 109.

ABSTRACT: Wilde's parodic fairy tale The Nightingale and the Rose is often considered a critical enigma due to its artistic ambiguity. The teller himself has restricted his tale to 'childlike people between eighteen and eighty'. The target population of this study consists of fifteen year old students who are embarking on the path of appreciating literature in Sri Lanka and the tale is contained in their anthology. It is a rich artifact due to its dexterity of plot, multiple themes, dramatics and the powerful poetics in discourse.

[1]. Bushakevitz, A. I. (2009). The representation of alterity: Aspects of subjectivity in Schubert‟s second Moment musical and Wilde‟s "The Nightingale and the Rose‟. mini-dissertation for Magister Musicae (Performing Art).University of Pretoria.
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[5]. Denac, O. (2014). The Significance and Role of Aesthetic Education in Schooling. Creative Education, 5, 1714-1719.
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ABSTRACT: In this very paper a summary of several previous papers is shown – and an extended version of a new universal formula of the rotation velocity distribution of galaxies and also a new formula of the energy density distribution of galaxies are presented. The newest version of this formula is based on a relativistic invariant La Place wave equation where it has been possible to obtain expressions for the rotation velocity - and energy density distributions versus distance to the galactic centre. Several mathematical proofs of these new formulas are also given. These formulas are divided into a Keplerian (general relativity)-and a relativistic (special relativity) part.

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ABSTRACT: Densities, viscosities and speed of sound for the ternary mixtures of ketones namely, acetophenone, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and di-ethyl ketone with 2-methyl-2-propanol and cyclohexane were measured as a function of mole fraction at 298.15, 303.15,308.15 and 313.15K at atmospheric pressure. From the these measurements, excess values such as adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess intermolecular free length (LfE), excess free volume (VfE), excess internal pressure (πiE), excess Gibb's energy (ΔGE), and excess viscosity (ηE) were determined. The excess values were found to be positive as well as negative throughout the whole range of composition for all the four liquid systems. The Grunberg's interaction parameter (d) was also evaluated in order to ascertain the conclusions drawn from these evaluated excess parameters. Eventually the variation of these excess properties with composition and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules of the mixtures.

Keywords: intermolecular free length, free volume, Gibb's Free energy, Interaction parameter, internal pressure.

[1]. Aswale S S, Aswale S R, Tayade D T and Raghuwanshi P B "J. Pure. Appl. Ultrason. 30 (2008), pp. 62-68

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[6]. Hardo Siegel, Manfred Eggersdorfer "Ketones" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, 2002 by Wiley-VCH, Wienheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15077

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we study the dynamics of Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSEL)such as photon density (S) and carriers number (N) for different values of injection current and photon lifetime. It is found that the increasing of the injection current leads rising and increasing the photon density and the carrier number as a result of increasing the carriers in the active region, and the rising time of the laser output with increasing the current. The increasing in the photon lifetime, which is affected on the output of the laser and reducing the transient region (reducing) of the laser output and it is observedthat the decreasing of carriers number where the increasing of the photon lifetime leads to decreasing the losses of the system. Keywords:VCSEL,injection current, photon density, carriers number.

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