IOSR-JAP   Volume-9 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2017

ABSTRACT: PThe compound lattice dynamics (phonon dispersion curves, Debye temperatures variation, combined density of states (CDS) curves, two-phonon Raman and anharmonic elastic properties) of InP, InAs, InSb with zinc-blende structure has been investigated including van der Waal's three-body force shell model (VTSM). This model incorporates the effect of van der Waal's interactions and three-body interactions into the rigid shell model of zinc blende structure, where the short range interactions are operative upto the second neighbours. Our results are in good agreement with the available measured data. It is concluded that this model VTSM will be equally applicable to study above properties of other zinc-blende structure solids as compared to the models of earlier workers.

Keywords: Phonons, van der Waal's interactions, Debye temperatures variation, Combined density of states curve, Raman spectra, Phonon dispersion curves, Lattice dynamics, InP, InAs, InSb

[1]. Born M. and Huang K., Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices, Oxford University Press 1954.
[2]. Maradudin A. A., Montroll E. and Weiss J., Theory of Lattice Dynamics in the Harmonic Approximation, Supplement 3, Solid State Physics, Academic Press, New York (1963-1964).
[3]. Borcherds P.H., Alfrey G., Sauderson D.H. and Wood A.D.B., (1975) Phys. C 8, 2022.
[4]. Ram R.K., Kushwaha M.S. and Shukla A., (1989) Phys. Stat. Solidi B 154, 553.
[5]. Carles, R., Saint-Cricq, N., Renucci, J.B., Renucci, M.A. Zwik, A. : (1980) Phys. Rev. B22, 4804

ABSTRACT: In this work, sample of laser dye:styryl (9M) havebeen prepared in solid films by dip coating method. Coating materials consist of styryl (9M) and polymer as a host (polymethelmethacrylate, PMMA) percentage 30% and 70% respectively and the dye have 10-2 [M] concentration.The prepared filmsthickness has been controlled by adjusting the withdraw speed of system. Thefluorescence of samples in solid phases have been studied under high-excitation conditions to induce fluorescence,in this work a laser 532 nm of 50 mW has been used. In addition to this, other topicssuch as spectroscopic properties have been studied including lifetime, quantum yield and absorption coefficient.From the experimental results. Any shift have not been appeared with the increase of the thickness in samples i.e. it remains approximately fixed.

Keywords: Dye laser, polymer, dip coating, fluorescence, thickness

[1]. A. Kurian, Nibu A George, Binoy Paul, V. P. N. Nampoori And C. P. G. Vallabhan," Studies on Fluorescence Efficiency and Photodegradation of Rhodamine 6G Doped PMMA Using a Dual Beam Thermal Lens Technique," Laser Chemistry, Vol. 20(2–4), pp. 99–110, 2002.
[2]. Zettl, H., W. Hafner, A. Boker, H. Schmalz, M. Lanzendorfer, A.H.E. Muller and G. Krausch, 2004,"Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Single Dye-Labeled Polymers in Organic Solvents ", Macromolecules, 37: 1917-1920.
[3]. Peng, G.D., Z. Xiong and P.L.Chu, 1998. (Fluorescence decay and recovery in organic dye-doped polymer optical fibers ,) IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., 16: 2365-2372..
[4]. F. J. Duarte and L. W. Hillman (Eds.), Dye Laser Principles (Academic, New York, 1990).
[5]. F. J. Duarte, Tunable Laser Optics (Elsevier-Academic, New York, 2003)....

ABSTRACT: In more recent times, the search for hydrocarbons is geared towards identifying geologically complex and subtle targets such as channels that the traditional seismic sections cannot display since they are very thin (visually subseismic) to their surrounding geometry. These geologically complex and subtle channels filled with porous rock enclosed in a non porous matrix are important stratigraphic events useful in reservoir studies because they constitute hydrocarbon exploration plays; as such, a handful understanding of their stratigraphic geometry and characteristics is an index for seismic reservoir characterization. In this study, seismic spectral decomposition technique such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been used to decompose a 3D seismic data originally acquired in the F3 block..........

Keywords: Horizon, seismic attributes, stratigraphic channels, spectral decomposition, and reservoir characterization...

[1]. Chakraborty, A., and D. Okaya, (1995), Frequency-time decomposition of seismic data using wavelet based methods: Geophysics, 60, 1906-1916.
[2]. Chopra, S., and K.J. Marfurt, (2008), gleaning meaningful information from seismic attributes: First Break, 26, no.9, 43-53.

[3]. de Jager, J., (2007), Geology of the Netherlands, 5-26.
[4]. de Jager, J., and Geluk, M.C., (2007), Geology of the Netherlands, 241-264., 26, no.9, 43-53.
[5]. Luo, Y., AL-Dossary, S., Marhon, M and Alfara, M., (2003), Generalized Hilbert Transform and its applications in geophysics, The Leading Edge, pp199-202.

ABSTRACT: Synthesis of Gd2O3 nanorod powder using hydrothermal reaction had been conducted using GdCl3.6H2O as the precursor. X-ray diffraction measurements, transmission electron microscopy, magnetometer and thermal analysis were used to characterize the phase evolution and morphology of the final product. A solid state displacement reaction GdCl3.6H2O + NaOH + PEG → Gd(OH)3 + NaCl + PEG was induced during heating process at 140oC for 1 hour followed by 180oC for 4 hour. It is revealed that calcining of the Gd(OH)3 at 500oC and 800oC led to formation of Gd2O3 with the size < 200 nm having a cubic structure. The room temperature magnetic field versus magnetization measurements confirmed the magnetic Gd2O3 nanoparticles is paramagnetic due to smallest coercivity (Hci) and magnetizarion (Ms) value .

Keywords: hydrothermal, Gd2O3 nanoparticles, cubic phase..

[1] C. Kleinlogel and L. Gauckler, Mixed electronic-ionic conductivity of cobalt doped cerium gadolinium oxide, Journal of electroceramics, vol. 5, pp. 231-243, 2000.
[2] E. Kobayashi, S. Kaita, S. Aoshima, and J. Furukawa, Polymerizations of butadiene and styrene with gadolinium tricarboxylate catalyst: Effect of ligand on the catalytic activity for homo‐and copolymerizations, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 32, pp. 1195-1198, 1994.
[3] S. Kaita, Z. Hou, M. Nishiura, J. Kurazumi, A. C. Horiuchi, and Y. Wakatsuki, Ultimately Specific 1, 4‐cis Polymerization of 1, 3‐Butadiene with a Novel Gadolinium Catalyst, Macromolecular rapid communications, vol. 24, pp. 179-184, 2003.
[4] I. V. Mochalov, Laser and nonlinear properties of the potassium gadolinium tungstate laser crystal KGd (WO4) 2: Nd3+-(KGW: Nd), Optical Engineering, vol. 36, pp. 1660-1669, 1997.
[5] J. L. A. Shih and R. M. Brugger, Gadolinium as a neutron capture therapy agent, Medical physics, vol. 19, pp. 733-744, 1992..

ABSTRACT: The Quaternary aquifer comprises a semi-confined silt clay layer underlain by gravels, sand and clay which is extensive and highly productive aquifer through the River Nile course. The movement of groundwater is eastward from desert fringes to the River Nile. In this study measuring concentrations of radon as well as the physical properties and the chemical constitutions of ground water using GIS is used to deduce the relation between Radon and other geological, hydrological and hydro chemical parameters in 85 ground water sample of some areas in Luxor Governorate (Upper Egypt) by using the electronic radon detector RAD7, and the result showed that the concentration of........

Keywords: Quaternary aquifer, hydro chemical parameters, Radon, RAD7, Annual effective dose..

[1] J. M. Reid, The Atomic Nucleus, (Manchester University Press), second edition,1986.
[2] G. K. Gilmore and N. Jabarivasal," A reconnaissance study of radon concentrations in Hamadan City, Iran", Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,Vol. 10, p.857–863, 2010.
[3] S. Nour, H. Kurosaki, K. Inn, J. LaRosa, L. Lucas, P. Volkovitsky, and OutolaK. Koepenick, Investigation of radioactivity in selected drinking water samples from Maryland, Journal of Radio analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 277, No.1, p. 155-159, 2008.
[4] Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency, A citizen's guide to radon., 2009.
[5] RIGW (1998): Well hydrology and database, Hydrological maps of Egypt, Scale 1:100,000. WaterResearch Center, Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources, Egypt..

ABSTRACT: Phonon dispersion relation and density of states in Al and Cu were calculated using a theoretical model debye. The calculations were done based on semi classical approach within harmonic approximation considering only nearest neighbor interaction. The calculated results of phonon dispersion relation along the three principal symmetry directions were found to show reasonable agreement with the neutron scattering experimental results.

Keywords: density of states, dispersion relation, neutron scattering, phonon, wave vector.

[1] R. Xu, H. Hong, P. Zschack and T.-C. Chiang, Direct Mapping of Phonon Dispersion Relations in Copper by Momentum-Resolved X-Ray Calorimetry, physical review letters, 101(8), 2008.
[2] M.T. Dove, Structure and Dynamics: An Atomic View of Materials, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) 175-200.
[3] X.-J. Zhang and C.-L. Chen, Phonon Dispersion in the Fcc Metals Ca, Sr and Yb, J Low Temp Phys, 169(1-2), 2012, 40-50.
[4] H. Landolt-Bornstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, ( Berlin:springer-verlag, 1981)
[5] M. Kresch, M.Lucas, O. Delaire, J. Y. Y. Lin and B. Fultz, Phonons in Aluminium at High Temperatures Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering," Phy. Rev. B, 77(2), 2008.

ABSTRACT: We are reporting the influence of Lithium ions on the structural and magnetic properties of LixNi1-xCr0.5Fe1.5O4 nanoferrite (x= 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ) synthesized by Co-Precipitation method with pH as 10. Samples are sintered at 1173K before characterization. The structural properties have been investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological observation has been done with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and morphology concurrence with crystallite size obtained from XRD. Elemental compositional stoichiometry has been carried out by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The magnetic parameters such as, Saturation magnetization (Ms), Remanence magnetization (Mr), Coercive field (Hc) and Squareness ratio are determined by Vibrational Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD..........

Keywords: LixNi1-xCr0.5Fe1.5O4, Co-Precipitation method, XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, VSM, Disordered Spinel, Ordered Spinel.

[1] G. Dixit, J.P.Singh, R.C.Srivastava, H.M. Agrawal, Magnetic resonance study of Ce and Gd doped NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, J. Magn. Mater. 324 ( 2012 ) 479-483.
[2] M.A.Iqbal, M. Islam, M.N. Ashiq, I.Ali, A. Iftikhar, H.M. Khan, Effect of Gd-substitiution on physical and magnetic properties of Li1.2Mg0.4GdxFe(2-x)O4 ferrites, J.Alloy compd. 579 (2013) 181-186.
[3] P. Samoila, T.Slatineanu, P. Postolache, A.R.Iordan, M.N. Palamaru, The effect of chelating/combustion agent on catalytic activity and magnetic properties of Dy doped Ni-Zn ferrite, Mater.Chem. Phy. 136 (2012) 241-246.
[4] A.I. Borhan, P. Samoila, V.Hulea, A.R. Iordan, M.N. Palamaru, Effect of Al3+ substituted zinc ferrite on photocatalytic degradation of Orange I azo dye, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem, 279 (2014) 17-23.
[5] I. Sharifi, H. Shokrollahi, S.Amiri, Ferrite-based magnetic nanofluids used in hyperthermia applications, J.Magn. Magn. Mater. 324 (2012) 903-915..

ABSTRACT: Lattice constant of Iron Sulfide (FeS2) was measured at various temperature by X – ray diffraction method. Slight nonlinearity in the temperature variation of lattice constant was observedat high temperature. The data were fitted to three term polynomial in the temperature range of 300K to 700K. aT = 5.4062 + 0.414 x 10-4 T + 1.031 x10-8T2. By Differentiating the equation we get the following equation for linear expansion as α = 7.64 x 10 –6.+0.380 x 10 -8.Coefficient of expansion increases linearly with temperature in pyrite crystal

Keywords: X ray diffraction, Lattice Constant and Themal Expansion Coefficeint..

[1] Chrystal R S B (1965) Trans. Farad. Soc. 512, 1811
[2] Gordon (1951)Amer. Miner. 36, 918
[3] Menrarry J W (1955)Acta Cryst8, 840
[4] Sharma S S (1951)Proc. Ind. Acad. of Sci. 341, 72
[5] Stramaumanis M E, Armstrong G Cand Chan S (1964) Amer. Min . 49, 206

ABSTRACT: Calcium Fluoride has the fluorite structure with four molecules per unit cell. It is the prominent representative of the material known as super ionic conductors which develops high electrical conductivity at high temperatures. Because of this it has attracted considerable attention. In recent years numbers of properties were investigated. We are interested in Thermal Expansion of Caf2. The lattice Constant and coefficient of expansion Caf2 has been determined over the range of 300- 700k. Coefficient of expansion at room temperature is calculated as it increases with temperature where as the Gruneisen parameter decreases with temperature.

Keywords: X –ray diffraction, Lattice Constants, Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Gruneisen constant

[1] Bailey A C and Yates B (1967) Proc. Phys. Soc. 91, 390.
[2] Batchelder D N and Simmons R o (1964) J chem. Phys. 41, 2324.
[3] Derrigton C E, N avrostsky A and Keef M O (1976) Sol. State comm. 19, 47
[4] Dowrkin A S and Bredig M A (1968) Phys.Stat sol (a)80, 205
[5] Elliot R J, Hayes W, Klepmann W G, Rushworth AJ and Ryan J F (1978) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 360,317.
[6] Fizeau H (1868) Comp.rend. 66, 1005..

ABSTRACT: Basic and foremost objective of Solid-state Physics is to explore lattice dynamics. It can be accomplished only after obtaining comprehensive knowledge of Lattice properties such as specific heat, elastic constants, and thermal expansion coefficients. Specific heat and elastic constants have been measured for a large number of elements in pure form as well as in the form of important binary alloys, over a wide range of temperatures, from the neighborhood of absolute zero to the temperatures beyond melting points. According to Debye characteristic temperature (0D), the low temperature limit must be in the vicinity of 0o/100, where the wavelengths of the thermal waves are longer than inter atomic distance and the solid is regarded as elastic continuum.Though data on specific heat and elastic constants..........

Keywords: Lattice constant, Thermal Expansion, Gruneisen parameter

[1] Acuna L A and Ortiz M F (1985) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, Vol. 46, 401.
[2] Alterovitz S and Gerlich D (1969) Phys. Rev. 184, 999.
[3] Alterovitz S and Gerlich D (1970a) Phys. Rev. 1, 2718.
[4] Alterovitz S and Gerlich D (1970b) Phys. Rev. 1, 4136.
[5] Anderson O L (1967) 1st International Conference of Thermal Expansion, 1967.

ABSTRACT: The Faraday Effect of 1845 is re-explained; the rotation of linearly Polarized Electric Field ( ) in the transparent isotropic material in the direction of the Supplied Magnetic Field (BS), is suggested to resulted from the produced Magneto-Optic Force ( ), established by the interaction of both the Polarized Electric Field ( ) and the Supplied Magnetic Field (BS), a formula is establish to derive the magnitude of the Polarized Electric Field ( ), based on the inverse square of the wavelength, another formula derived the Magneto-Optic Force ( ); an Effective Magnetization of the Flint-glass ( ) is derived from the Theoretical Magnetization of the Flint-glass ( ), giving the Effective percentage of the Magnetization of the Flint-glass ( ), this enable a general formula for the Effective Magnetization of Diamagnetic Materials and the Magneto-Optic Force ( ); from which both the Effective.........

Keywords: Faraday Effect; Polarized, Electric Field; Magnetization; Magneto-Optic Force; Magnetic Susceptibility; Diamagnetic.

[1] Faraday, M., On the magnetization of light and the illumination of magnetic lines of force, Phil. Mag. Series 3 28, 187, 1846.
[2] Maxwell J. C., A Treatise On Electricity And Magnetism, UNABRIDGED THIRD EDITION, VOLUME TWO, DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC. NEW YORK 1953, CLARENDON PRESS, 1891.
[3] Wikipedia, The Faraday Effect, the free encyclopedia, #cite_ref-Prati2003_1-0, 2017a.
[4] Rousseaux, G., James Clerck Maxwell's molecular vortices and his quest for a mechanical model of electromagnetism with some modern developments
[5] Krishnan, R. S., Farrday Effect In Diamagnetic Crystals, Progress in Crystal Physics S. Viswanathan, Madras, India, 1958