iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2019

Abstract: Induction of labour is one of the most common obstetric interventions. The incidence of induction varies from setting to setting ranging from 5% to 22% of all labour room admissions and depends upon the institutional protocol1. Aims: 1.To compare the risk of caesarean delivery after induction of labour in women with unfavourable cervix to that of women with favourable cervix. 2.To compare the efficacy of induction methods used in women with unfavourable cervix. Methodology: This study was performed on 324 mothers,who fulfilled the inclusion criteria mentioned who were admitted to Government Maternity..........

Key words: unfavourable cervix,Favourable cervix,caesarean section.

[1]. Osaheni L. L., Azubuike K. O., Chukwuemeka A.I., ChikezieN.O., Leonard O.A, Obstetric Outcome and Significance of Labour Induction in a Health Resource Poor Setting,Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 419621, 2014,1- 5 pages.
[2]. Caughey AB, Sundaram V, Kaimal AJ, Cheng YW, Gienger A, Little SE, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of elective induction of labor. Evidence report/technology assessment no.176. AHRQ Publication no.09-E005. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Research and Quality; 2009.
[3]. WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health. Induction of labour data. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2010.
[4]. American college of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists : Induction of labor practice bulletin 2009 August; no.107.
[5]. Smith LP, Nagourney BA, McLean FH, Usher RH. Hazards and benefits of elective induction of labour. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148:579-85..

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Our modern life is mostly sedentary in nature,that consists of physical inactivity,overeating,exposure to physical and emotional stress .All these acts to cause anxiety in young individuals.Anxiety when continued as stress,can cause physiological changes in our body in the form of sympathatic stimulation with reduction in parasympathetic activity,which inturn causes alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory functions .Deep slow breathing trials have been published in various journals around the world. The current study was undertaken to assess the impact of deep breathing exercise in the anxiety reduction of selected volunteers.....

[1]. GanongWF Review of Medical Physiology, 20th edition.
[2]. Rosenberg PP. Student's perception and concerns during their first year in medical school.
[3]. J MedEduc1971; 46: 211–218.
[4]. Miller P McC. The first year at medical school: some finding and student perceptions.
[5]. J MedEduc1994; 28: 5–7..

Abstract: FNAC of salivary gland lesions has an established role in preoperative diagnosis and management of patients. Although clinical and radiological parameters help to narrow the differential diagnosis , cytological diagnosis is required to plan appropriate treatment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the varied cytological spectrum of salivary gland lesions and correlate with age, gender, anatomical site and histopathology.

Key Words: fnac , salivary gland

[1]. Sandhu VK, Sharma U, Singh N, Puri A. Cytological spectrum of salivary gland lesions and their correlation with epidemiological parameters. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017;21:203-10.
[2]. Kotwal M, Gaikwad S, Patil R, Munshi M, Bobhate S. FNAC of salivary gland – A useful tool in preoperative diagnosis or a cytopathologist's riddle?. Journal of Cytology 2007;24(2):85-88.
[3]. Singh Nanda KD, Mehta A, Nanda J. Fine needle aspiration cytology; A reliable tool in diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. J Oral Pathol Med 2012;41:106-12.

[4]. Rajwanshi A, Gupta K, Gupta N, Shukla R, Srinivasan R, Nijhawan R, et al. Fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary glands: Diagnostic pitfalls – Revisited. Diagn Cytopathol 2006;34:580-4.
[5]. Shetty A, Geethamani V. Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of major salivary gland tumors: A study with histological and clinical correlation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016;20:224-9.

Abstract: Dengue is a viral febrile illness caused by one of the dengue virus serotypes. The disease has a wide variable spectrum of presentation ranging from asymptomatic to life threatening condition like dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue virus is a non-neurotropic virus. Neurological complications are rarely seen. We present a case of 18years old boy presented in altered sensorium with high grade fever and generalized tonic clonic seizures. Dengue NS1 antigen positive. He became conscious and oriented on Day 6 of the admission. MRI brain revealed extensive lesions involving bilaterally midbrain, thalamus, pons, cerebellum. Patients was treated symptomatically and discharged with minimal neurological deficits..

[1]. Halstead SB. Pathogenesis of dengue: Challenges to molecular biology. Science. 1988;239:476–81.
[2]. Kurane I. Dengue hemorrhagic fever with special emphasis on immunopathogenesis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;30:329–40.
[3]. Cam BV, Fonsmark L, Hue NB, Phuong NT, Poulsen A, Heegaard ED. Prospectivecase-control study of encephalopathy in children with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am JTrop Med Hyg2001;65:848-51.
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[5]. Borawake K, Prayag P, Wagh A, Dole S. Dengue encephalitis. Indian J Crit CareMed 2011;15:190-3.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of all pregnancies, often associated with maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. This study is aimed at knowing the effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcome. METHODS: Prospective observational study conducted at Government Maternity hospital Tirupati, from November 2017 to October 2018 among 302 subjects. RESULTS: Incidence of hypertensive disorders in this institute was 8.91%.Out of 302 subjects with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 83(27.4%) had preterm delivery, 128(42.38%) low birth weight babies, 47(15.56%) babies with low APGAR, 75( 24.83%).........

[1]. Jain, L. (1997). Effects of pregnancy-induced and chronic hypertension on pregnancyoutcome. J Perinatol, 17(6):425-427.
[2]. Wuerzner, G., Bochud, M., Jaunin Stalder, N. and Pechere-Bertschi, A. (2010).Hypertension: is the actual definition adapted to women? Rev Med Suisse,6(257):1448-1451.

[3]. Brown, M.A., Lindheimer, M.D., de Swiet, M., Van Assche, A. and Moutquine, J.M.(2001). The classification and diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Hypertens Preg, 20:9-14.
[4]. Bramham K, Briley AL, Seed P, et al. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with previous preeclampsia: a prospective study.Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:512.e1-9.
[5]. Abalos E, Cuesta C, Carroli G, Qureshi Z, Widmer M, Vogel JP, Souza JP, on behalf of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health Research Network. Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. BJOG 2014; 121(Suppl. 1): 14–24..

Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and a major fatal malignancy among women, mostly in developing countries. Human papilloma virus(HPV), a sexually transmitted oncogenic virus, plays a major role in the development of cervical cancer(1). Cervical cancer is readily preventable when effective programmes are conducted to detect and treat its precursor lesions(2). Pap smear is a simple, safe, non invasive, economical and effective method for detection of precancerous, cancerous and other lesions of the cervix(3). In India the peak age for cervical cancer is 55-59yrs. Elderly women are more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage due to lack of regular access to gynaecological care or cancer screening(4). Mortality rate is higher in countries where screening and.....

Key words: Pap smear, Post menopausal women, Epithelial cell abnormalities

[1]. Akshatha C, Arul P, Shetty S. Prevalence and comparison of cervical cytology abnormalities in postmenopausal and elderly women: A experience from tertiary care hospital. J Med Soc 2017;31:23-7.
[2]. Bal MC, Goyal R, Suri AK, Mohi MK. Detection of abnormal cervical cytology in Papanicolaou smears. Journal of Cytology 2012;29(1).
[3]. Bukhari MH, Saba K, Qamar S, Majeed MM, Niazi S, Nameem S. Clinicopathological importance of Papanicolaou smears for the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Journal of Cytology 2012;29(1).
[4]. Sood R, Arora M, Sharma S. To study the role of conventional pap smear in post menopausal women. Indian Journal of Obstretics and Gynecology Research 2017;4(3):265-269.
[5]. Reddy CB, Rao AR, Madhavi KVP, Rvikumar BP, Padala A. Study of cervical cytology in menopausal women in a Maternity and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013;2(36)..

Abstract: Burns require special attention in Developing country like ours.Urinary tract infections are relatively common in burn patients accounting for approximately 20 to 30% of infections in this setting. Studies suggest that the risk of UTIs is higher in ICU than elsewhere in the hospital [1]. Cohort studies shows age, sex, previous medical illness, duration of catheterization as risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections [2,3,4]. Despite all the advances in burn wound management and the availability of specialized care for burned patients, infection remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in thermally injured patients.Burned patients experiences immunosuppression due to a multiple factors, like loss of skin barrier, dermal necrosis, protein rich exudate, complement and other............

[1]. Mnatzaganian G, Galai N, Sprung CL, Zitser-Gurevich Y, Mandel M, Ben-Hur D, et al. Increased risk of bloodstream and urinary infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with patients fitting ICU admission criteria treated in regular wards. J Hosp Infect 2005;59(4):331e42.
[2]. Laupland KB, Bagshaw SM, Gregson DB, Kirkpatrick AW, Ross T, Church DL. Intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infec-tions in a regional critical care system. Crit Care 2005;9(2):R60e5.
[3]. Rosser CJ, Bare RL, Meredith JW. Urinary tract infections in the critically ill patient with a urinary catheter. Am J Surg 1999;177(4):287e90.
[4]. Tissot E, Limat S, Cornette C, Capellier G. Risk factors for catheter-associated bacteriuria in a medical intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001;20(4):260e2.
[5]. Meddings J, Rogers MA, Krein SL, Fakih MG, Olmsted RN, Saint S. Reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use and other strate-gies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: an integrative review. BMJ Qual Saf 2014;23(4): 277e89

Abstract: Background & objectives:Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a potentially dangerous condition that can lead to preventable morbidity and mortality. The true incidence of DVT is unknown in high risk surgical patients and may lead to high morbidity and mortality when allowed to progress. It is often difficult to diagnose due to non-specific sign and symptoms.Though there are ample of studies about DVT in the west but very few studies are from india. We sought to study a cost effective clinical model for diagnosis and exclusion of DVT in symptomat-ic patients on the basis of clinical assessment and D-dimer. Methods: A prospective study of Patients......

Keywords: D-dimer,wells criteria

[1]. Agarwala S, Wadhwani R, Modhe JM, Bhagwat AS. Screening for deep venous thrombosis in postoperative orthopaedic patients: comparison of color Doppler sonography and contrast
[2]. venography. Indian J Orthop 2002; 36 : 4.
[3]. Bhan S, Dhaon BK, Gulati Y , Aggarwal S. Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis - a multicentric study. Indian J Orthop 2004; 38 : 178-82.
[4]. Cohen AT, Alikhan R, Arcelus JI, Bergmann JF, Haas S, Merli GJ, et al. Assessment of venous thromboembolism risk and the benefits of thromboprophylaxis in medical patients. Thromb Haemost 2005;94:750-9.
[5]. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians evi-dence-based clinical practice guidelines.8th edition. Chest 2008;133:381S–453S.

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the various types of congenital or acquired disorders causing permanent disability and their association with age, sex and visual acuity in paediatric patients attending Disability Clinic of Department of Ophthalmology, Jorhat Medical College & Hospital, Assam, from January 2018- December 2018. Method: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. 105 paediatric patients were enrolled in the duration of January 2018 to December 2018 and were analyzed for anomalies, etiology, sex and age at presentation. For the study, 105 pediatric patients reporting to the department between the age group 0-18 years were selected. Subjects were grouped by their age group into preschool (0–5 years), school-age (6–10 years) or older children (11–18 years) . Results: Out of 105 cases.........

Keywords: Ocular morbidity, Paediatric, Congenital, Acquired, Disability clinic

[1]. Global tu paisu. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual- impairment.
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[3]. G Nageswar Rao1 Silpa Sabnam2 Sweta Pal2 Huma Rizwan2 Bhaskar Thakur3 Arttatrana Pal4 [4]. Madhu Gupta, Bhupinder P Gupta,1 Anil Chauhan,2 and Ashok Bhardwaj3
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Abstract: Fractures of humerus shaft are very commonly seen now a days of modern World accounting about 3% of all the fractures.1 Treatment methods are also advancing, initially treated with the help of hanging casts, arm cylinders, collar and cuff slings, then functional cast bracing, U casts, shoulder spica improved results but the long duration of treatment results in adverse effect on economy of the patients.2 Nonunion, malunion, limitation of joint motion and progressive degenerative arthritis are commonly seen complications in conservative modes. The present study covers the comparison of results of open reduction and internal fixation by dynamic compression plate with close interlocking nailing in fracture shaft of humerus.........

[1]. Corroll EA, Schweppe M, Langfitt M, Miller AN, Halvorson JJ. Management of humeral shaft fractures. J Am AcadOrthop Surg. 2013;20:423-33.
[2]. Canavese F, Marengo L, Cravino M, Giacometti V, Pereira B, Dimeglio A, Origo C, Andreacchio A. Outcome of Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fracture in Children and Adolescents: Comparison Between Nonoperative Treatment (Desault's Bandage), External Fixation and Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing. J PediatrOrthop. 2016 Jul 29.
[3]. Lal Y, Sharma S, Krishna LG, Ahmed A: Humeral shaft fractures treated by undreamed interlocking nail. Indian journal of Ortho. 1999;33:23-30.
[4]. Chacha PB: Compression plating without bone grafting for delayed and nonunion of humeral shaft fractures injury. 1974;5:283-85.
[5]. Reddy BJ, Athmaram M, Swaroop VS. A clinical study of fixation of fracture of shaft of humerus with interlocking nail. JEMDS. 2015;4:2172-9.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the indications and outcome for conservative Non-operative treatment (NOT) vs. Operative Treatment (OT) in patients with esophageal perforation with a Secondary intention to analyze the etiology and presentation of patients with esophageal perforation. Methodology: It is a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted with esophageal perforation in the Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College, Tamilnadu, India, during the period from January 2012 to December 2017. Records of all these patients were studied retrospectively and their........

Key words: Esophageal Perforation, Thoracotomy, Cervical Esophagostomy, Esophagectomy, Drainage

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[2]. Attar S, Hankins JR, Suter CM, Coughlin TR, Sequeira A, McLaughlin JS. Esophageal perforation: a therapeutic challenge. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1990 Jul 1;50(1):45-9.

[3]. Brinster CJ, Singhal S, Lee L, Marshall MB, Kaiser LR, Kucharczuk JC. Evolving options in the management of esophageal perforation. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2004 Apr 1;77(4):1475-83.

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[5]. Richardson JD. Management of esophageal perforations: the value of aggressive surgical treatment. The American journal of surgery. 2005 Aug 1;190(2):161-5.

Abstract: Mesial temporal sclerosis is scarring of medial temporal lobes of the brain with loss of neurons presenting as focal seizures. We present a case of 15-year old boy with new onset recurrent focal seizures with dyscognitive features. MRI brain revealed focal increased T2 signals involving right hippocampus with prominent temporal horn.

[1]. NINDS (1 February 2016), The Epilepsies and Seizures: Hope Through Research , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), 27 July 2016.
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Abstract: Introduction- Glaucoma is a major public health problem, causes irreversible visual impairment and is the most frequent cause of blindness in the world, second only to cataract. Patients present with significant visual field loss in one eye and also advanced disease in the other eye. Thus Diabetes Mellitus is one of the risk factors for POAG. Aim- 1. To study the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in patients with diabetes mellitus . 2. To screen all the patients with diabetes. Material and methods- A hospital based study, carried out in department of Ophthalmology from August 2018 to January 2019 and screening........

Key words-Glaucoma, diabetes, Ocular hypertension, cataract, blindness, risk factor

[1]. Serge Resnikoff, Donatella Pascolini, Daniel Etya‟ale, Ivo Kocur, Ramachandra Pararajasegaram, Gopal P. Pokharel, Silvio P. Mariott; Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002, Policy and Practice; Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2004;82:844-851.
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[4]. Robert L. Stampler Marc F Lieberman and Michael V Drake et al.; Becker And Shaffer‟s Diagnosis And Therapy Of Glaucoma , 8th Edition 2009, Chapter 17,Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, page239- 265.
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Abstract: Background: The demand of platelets is increasing rapidly in various cases like cancer dengue fever, and other platelet‑related disorders. Single donor platelet (SDP) unit is a useful platelet product over the traditional Random Donor Platelet (RDP) unit in many diseases for raising the platelet count. For better yield, a healthy and young donor is required which is a great challenge for the blood bank staff. Material and Method: The present study was conducted from June 2015 to December 2018 (retrospectively) in the Department of Blood Bank, L.N. Medical........

[1]. Bligen H. The blood donor of donors' selection. Transfusion Medicine Symposium series for everyone; May 2005;14-42
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Abstract: Aim: Different pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) has lead to dichotomy of views about the difference between visual field patterns of two. One group of ophthalmologists believe that the visual field defects in NTG are steeper, focal and closer to fixation; while other groups believe that there is no significant difference between the two. Since the data on Indian population is lacking, we have devised this study to evaluate the visual field differences between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included glaucoma patients, which were segregated into- primary open angle and normal tension glaucoma group, each group having 25 eyes. Patients of two groups (after matching.......

Keywords: normal tension glaucoma, pattern standard deviation, primary open angle glaucoma, visual field defects

[1]. Von Graefe A. Amaurose mit sehnervenexcavation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1857; 3: 484-488.

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[3]. Bathija R, Gupta N, Zangwill L, Weinreb RN. Changing definition of glaucoma. J Glaucoma 1998; 7: 165–169.

[4]. Anderson DR. Glaucoma, capillaries and pericytes. Ophthalmologica. 1996; 210(5): 257-262

[5]. Shields MB. Normal-tension glaucoma: is it different from primary open-angle glaucoma? Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008; 19(2): 85-88..

Abstract: Background Tracheostomy is a life saving procedure in head injury patients with GCS less than 8. Tracheostomy exposes lower respiratory tract to exterior so leading to complication of brochopneumonia. Material and Methods This study was done to evaluate the microbiology of the tracheal aspirates of tracheostomised head injury patients. Results The bacteria...........

Keywords: Tracheostomy, Tracheotomy, Tracheal stoma site infection, Tracheal aspirate, Microbes, Respiratory tract infection,

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[5]. Pignatti P, Balestrino A, Herr C, Bals R, Moretto D, Corradi M, et al. Tracheostomy and related hostepatogen interaction are associated with airway inflammation as characterized by tracheal aspirate analysis. Respiratory Medicine 2009;103:201-208.

Abstract: Introduction Laryngoscopy and intubation is known to cause a significant stress response elicited as sympathetic overactivity. This may be seen as an elevation in heart rate, blood pressure, and catecholamine levels in blood. This can be deleterious in patients with poor cardiac reserve and other comorbidities. Dexmedetomidine is a novel α2 adrenergic agonist which has been shown to attenuate the pressor response following direct laryngoscopic intubation. A comparison of the attenuation of stress response during direct laryngoscopic and fibreoptic intubation following premedication with dexmedetomidine has been studied. Method 60 patients..........

Keywords: stress, laryngoscopy, fibreoptic, intubation, dexmedetomidine.

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Abstract: ØUTI is one of the most common infectious diseases among the geriatric population. ØDue to their anatomy and reproductive physiology , females are more susceptible. ØDiagnosis and treatment of UTI in the elderly varies when compared to younger patients and is rather difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms and lack of clear clinical history. ØThis leads to under diagnosis and inadequate treatment. ØPrevious studies show that UTI is frequently erroneously diagnosed in around 40% of hospitalized elderly admissions, because of nonspecific symptomatology. ØBacteria are the most common causative agents causing UTI in humans. ØOccasionally..........

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