iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2025

Abstract: Background: Hydatid disease, primarily caused by Echinococcus granulosus, commonly affects the liver and lungs but can present in unusual sites such as mediastinum , heart which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case Presentations: Presentation of Ten cases of hydatid cyst who underwent surgery in our unit from December 2023 to March 2025 are done. Investigations such as chest xray, cect thorax, routine blood ,HPE done........

Keywords: Hydatid disease, Echinococcus granulosus, Thoracotomy, Cystectomy

[1]. Yassine Msougar, Oussama Afandi . Mediastinal hydatid cyst: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2013;7:236
[2]. Msaad S, Fouzi S,Ketata W. An anterior mediastinal mass of rare etiology. Rev Mal Respir.2009; 7:324-328.
[3]. Purohit M. Primary hydatid cysts of the mediastinum .European Journal CardioThoracic Surgery.2003;7:257-258.
[4]. Zidi A, Zannad – Hantous S. Hydatid cyst of the mediastinum: 14 case reports.J Radiol.2006;7:1869-1874.
[5]. A.Usharani et al.Case reports of hydatid disease.Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 2013;3:63-66 ..

Abstract: Background : Blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bacteremia. Contaminated blood cultures have been recognized as a troublesome issue. Emergency departments and intensive care units (ICU) are particularly susceptible to contaminated blood cultures. Methods : It was a retrospective study carried out on blood cultures submitted to department of microbiology from in patients in intensive care units (ICU’s) at SVIMS, tirupathi during three year period from January 2017 to December 2019........

[1]. Bryan CS. Clinical implications of positive blood cultures. Clin. Microbiol 1989;2:329-53.
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[3]. Valles J, Palomar M, Alvarez-Lerma F, Rello J, Blanco A, Garnacho-Montero J, et al. Evolution over a 15-year period of clinicalcharacteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients withcommunity-acquired bacteraemia. Crit CareMed 2013; 41:76e83.
[4]. Lever A, Mackenzie I. Sepsis: definition, epidemiology, anddiagnosis. BMJ 2007; 335: 879e883.
[5]. Adhikari NKJ, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld GD.Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults.Lancet 2010; 376: 1339e1346.

Abstract: Aim and Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different moisture control methods on apical microleakage in root canals obturated with bioceramic sealer and Gutta flow. The objective was to determine whether moisture control significantly impacts the sealing quality of root canal obturations. Materials and Method.....

Keywords: Bioceramic sealer, gutta percha, root canal obturation, moisture control, microleakage, apical sealing, in vitro study, endodontics, rhodamine B dye penetration

[1]. Kaul S, Kumar A, Badiyani BK, Sukhtankar L, Madhumitha M, Kumar A. Comparison of sealing ability of bioceramic sealer, AH Plus, and guttaflow in conservatively prepared curved root canals obturated with single-cone technique: an in vitro study. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences. 2021 Jun;13(Suppl 1): S857
[2]. Mokhtari H, Shahi S, Janani M, Reyhani MF, Zonouzi HR, Rahimi S et al . Evaluation of apical leakage in root canals obturated with three different sealers in presence or absence of smear layer. Iranian endodontic journal. 2015; 10(2):131.[3]. Muliyar S, Shameem KA, Thankachan RP, Francis PG, Jayapalan CS, Hafiz KA. Microleakage in endodontics. Journal of international oral health: JIOH. 2014 Nov;6(6):99.
[4]. Zmener O, Pameijer CH, Serrano SA, Vidueira M, Macchi RL. Significance of moist root canal dentin with the use of methacrylate-based endodontic sealers: an in vitro coronal dye leakage study. J Endod 2008 Jan;34(1):76-79.
[5]. Stevens RW, Strother JM, McClanaban SB. Leakage and sealer penetration in smear-free dentin after a final rinse with 95% ethanol. J Endod 2006 Aug;32(8):785-788..

Abstract: Background: Dental implantology has emerged as a transformative modality in oral rehabilitation, offering a durable and predictable solution for edentulism. Central to implant success is the choice of material, which significantly influences osseointegration, mechanical strength, aesthetics, and long-term clinical outcomes. Over the decades, continuous innovations have taken place in metallic, ceramic, and polymer-based biomaterials used in dental implants. A clear understanding of these materials is crucial for clinicians to select the most appropriate system tailored to individual patient needs and clinical conditions.........

Keywords: Dental implants; Titanium; Zirconia; Biomaterials; Osseointegration; Prosthodontics

[1]. Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(3):399–410.
[2]. Albrektsson T, Brånemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70.
[3]. Elias CN, Lima JHC, Valiev R, Meyers MA. Biomedical applications of titanium and its alloys. JOM. 2008;60(3):46–9.
[4]. Linkow LI. The blade-vent implant. J Oral Implantol. 1998;24(1):16–36.
[5]. Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: A systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20(Suppl 4):172–84.

Abstract: Abutment selection plays a pivotal role in the long-term success of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). This review focuses on the diagnostic guidelines and clinical considerations essential for assessing appropriate abutment teeth, while also outlining approaches for handling complex situations such as tilted abutments, pier abutments, and scenarios involving cantilever design and canine replacement. Proper selection is guided by biomechanical principles, periodontal health, anatomical structure, and occlusal relationships. Understanding and applying evidence-based guidelines for abutment evaluation help clinicians optimize prosthesis design, functionality, and longevity. This article offers a clinical overview to assist practitioners in making informed decisions when confronted with routine and compromised clinical situations.

Keywords: Abutment selection, Fixed partial denture, Tilted abutment, Pier abutment, Cantilever, Canine replacement .

[1]. Subhashini MR, Abirami G, Jain AR. Abutment selection in fixed partial denture–a review. Drug Invention Today. 2018 Jan 1;10(1):111-5.
[2]. Zhao J, Wang X. Chapter 3 - dental prostheses. In: Shen JZ, Tomaž Kosmač, editors. Advanced Ceramics for Dentistry [Internet]. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2014. p. 23–49. Availablefrom: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123946195000031.[3]. Shajahan PA, Raghavan R, Shilpa RS. Factors Influencing Abutment Selection in Fixed Partial Denture—A Review. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. Technol. 2022;7:1-5.
[4]. Reynolds JM. Abutment selection for fixed prosthodontics. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1968 May 1;19(5):483-8.
[5]. Hussain A, Khan F. History of dentistry. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2014 Jan;2(1):106..

Abstract: Background: The accurate gingival shade selection is important for achieving the optimal aesthetic outcome in dentistry. This questionnaire study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices related to gingival and tooth shade selection among dental practitioners and clinicians of various specialties. Materials and methods: A well-structured questionnaire comprising 15 questions was distributed to 200 dental professionals across multiple specialties. The obtained data were then........

Keywords: Tooth shade selection, Gingival shade guide, colour matching, Dental prosthetics

[1]. Borse S, Chaware SH. Tooth shade analysis and selection in prosthodontics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2020 Apr 1;20(2):131-40.
[2]. Tabatabaian F, Beyabanaki E, Alirezaei P, Epakchi S. Visual and digital tooth shade selection methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision: A literature review. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2021 Dec;33(8):1084-104.
[3]. Abu‐Hossin S, Onbasi Y, Berger L, Troll F, Adler W, Wichmann M, Matta RE. Comparison of digital and visual tooth shade selection. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. 2023 Apr;9(2):368-74.
[4]. Anand A, Varghese R. Knowledge and perception about dental implant and its complications among general practitioners and postgraduates in Coimbatore – a cross-sectional survey. Journal of dental and medical Sciences. 2024,Apr; 23(10):52-57.
[5]. Bolla SC, Gantha NS, Sheik RB. Review of History in the Development of Esthetics in Dentistry. J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(6):31-5..

Abstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are leading global causes of mortality, with diabetes mellitus (DM) serving as a significant risk factor. Type 2 DM intensifies the atherosclerotic process and causes endothelial dysfunction via glycoxidative products, resulting in vascular complications. This study aims to assess duplex carotid findings in diabetic patients, evaluate the correlation between disease duration and vascular findings, and compare parameters with normal........

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Duplex Carotid Scan, Atherosclerosis, Endothelial Dysfunction, Hypertension, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Vascular Health

[1]. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
[2]. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2021. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(25):2372-2425.
[3]. Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature. 2011;473(7347):317-325.
[4]. Ross R. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(2):115-126.
[5]. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56-e528..

Abstract: Aim : Spinal anaesthesia is frequently used for lower abdominal surgeries because of its rapid onset , a dense neural block , little risk of local anaesthetic toxicity as well as little risk of failure.However, one of the disadvantages of this technique is a higher incidence of hypotension due to sympathetic blockade. Intravenous administration of fluids and vigilant monitoring of blood pressure at frequent intervals are the measures to decrease risk of hypotension to varying degrees.This study is undertaken to compare the efficacy of crystalloid Ringer lactate versus Plasmalyte co loading on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in Lower Abdominal surgeries.
METHODS: This........

Keywords: Co-Loading, Plasmalyte, Ringer Lactate, Hypotension, Hemodynamic parameters

[1]. GUPTA P, KUMAR S, PARASHAR S, GIRI MK, RAI S, MALVIYA D. Efficacy of Intravenous Fluid Plasmalyte and 6% Hetastarch in Preventing Spinal Anaesthesia Induced Hypotension in Patients undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2021 May 1;15(5).
[2]. Priyanka A, Ganapathy U, Choudhary R, Arulprakasam Sr S, Krishna R, Calairadjane J. A Comparative Study of Peri-Operative Fluid Therapy With Ringer Lactate and PlasmaLyte in Children Undergoing Intra-Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial. Cureus. 2023 May;15(5).
[3]. Kulkarni AG, Asai O, Tarkase AS. Comparative evaluation of co-loading versus preloading for prevention of post spinal hypotension in elective caesarean section. Ind J Clini Anaesth. 2016;3(3):335-41.
[4]. Gropper MA, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Cohen NH, Leslie K, editors. Miller's anesthesia, 2-volume set E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019 Oct.

Abstract: Introduction: The provisional crown is an interim restoration that is used for a variable time period while the definitive restoration is being fabricated. To be successful, these restorations should fulfill biological, mechanical, and esthetic requirements. The maintenance of these long-term restorations can present significant problems for the patient and dentist. AIM: To compare and evaluate the compressive strength and flexural strength of four provisional crown material at different interval of time in artificial saliva........

Keywords: Provisional Crown, Flexural Strength, Compressive Strength, PMMA, Bis-Acryl, Artificial Saliva, Universal Testing Machine

[1]. Rashmi Rajput et al., Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength and Surface Roughness of Three Different Commercially Available Provisional Restorative Materials: An In-vitro Study, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2022 Jan, Vol-16(1): ZC08-ZC12.
[2]. Davis S, O'Connell B. The provisional crown. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2004 Winter;50(4):167-72.
[3]. Digholkar S, Madhav VN, Palaskar J. Evaluation of the flexural strength and microhardness of provisional crown and bridge materials fabricated by different methods. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2016 Oct-Dec;16(4):328-334.
[4]. Ireland MF, Dixon DL, Breeding LC, Ramp MH. In vitro mechanical property comparison of four resins used for fabrication of provisional fixed restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 1998 Aug;80(2):158-62.
[5]. Surya Prakash Sharma, An In Vitro Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Two Provisional Restorative Materials Light Polymerised Resin and Autopolymerised Resin, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2279-0861. Volume 6, Issue 5 (May- Jun. 2013), PP 05-10

Abstract: Introduction. Fissure tongue and geographic tongue are normal variations found on the tongue, usually do not cause complaints. However, in certain circumstances in patients with this normal variation can cause discomfort, especially if exposed to spicy or hot food. Sometimes it can even be aggravated by poor oral hygiene or accompanied by systemic diseases, so that it can cause pain or a burning sensation such as in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Case. A 33-year-old male patient, with complaints of discomfort and thick tongue. Sometimes it hurts, hot like.......

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, geographic tongue, fissured tongue

[1]. Fitriasari, N., Dewi, TS, & Rahayuningtyas, ED 2021. Abnormal variations of the tongue triggered by spicy and hot foods in patients with anemia.
[2]. Abnormalities in normal tongue variation triggered by hot and spicy food in anaemic patients. Journal of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, 32(3), 150-156.
[3]. Mushatat SF, Khalaf AA. 2018. A clinical study about oral lesions and normal variants of the oral mucosa. J Pharm Sci Res, 10(7), 1755–1757.
[4]. Sari, NDAM, & Mujayanto, R. 2021. Geographic tongue with burning mouth syndrome (case report). Odonto: Dental Journal, 8(2), 18-24.
[5]. Balamanikandan, P., Shetty, P., & Shetty, U. 2021. Diabetic tongue–a review. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 28(2), 218-222.

Abstract: Background: This study demonstrates that contamination from spatter and aerosol dissemination remains a significant hazard to dental personnel when high-speed dental equipment is used. These observations support the need for universal barrier precautions and effective infection control, which must be used routinely during the treatment of all patients. However, high-volume dental suction may signifcantly reduce aerosol spread and therefore should be used whenever possible to prevent aerosol-transmitted infections during dental treatments. The maximum number of bacterial aerosols........

Keywords: Aerosol, high-speed dental equipment, Herbal mouthrinse

[1]. Sangeeta Umesh Nayak , Anushka Kumari et al; Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouthwash as a Preprocedural Rinse in Reducing Dental Aerosols: A Microbiological Study, International journal of detistry; 30th may, Volume 2020.
[2]. R. E. Micik, R. L. Miller, M. A. Mazzarella, and G. Ryge, “Studies on dental aerobiology: I. bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures,” Journal of Dental Research, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 49–56, 1969.
[3]. Gupta, Mitra, Ashok, et al., Efficacy of Preprocedural Mouth Rinsing in Reducing Aerosol Contamination Produced by Ultrasonic Scaler: A Pilot Study, J Periodontol, April 2014, Volume 85, Number 4.
[4]. Inbasekaran et al., Aerosol Contamination in the Dental Operatory During Oral Prophylaxis: An Occupational Hazard, JPRI, 33(62A): 94-100, 2021.
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