iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2025

Abstract: Aim: To assess the effectiveness of Protaper and Mtwo retreatment files in the elimination of Gutta-Percha and Resilon from uncomplicated root canals. Material and Methods: Thirty six freshly extracted single rooted teeth with Weine’s class I canal configuration were taken. The crowns were de-crowned to a depth of 16mm, and the working length was determined to be 15mm. Root canal preparation......

Key Word: Gutta-percha, Mtwo retreatment files, ProTaper retreatment files, Resilon.

[1]. Siqueira JF. Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail. Int Endontic J 2001;34:1–10.
[2]. Masiero AV, Barletta FB. Effectiveness of different techniques for removing gutta-percha during retreatment. Int Endontic J 2005;38:2–7.
[3]. Hammad M, Qualtrough A, Silikas N. Three-dimensional evaluation of effectiveness of hand and rotary instrumentation for retreatment of canals filled with different materials. J Endod 2008;34:1370–3.
[4]. Wilcox LR. Endodontic retreatment: ultrasonics and chloroform as the final step in reinstrumentation. J Endod 1989;15:125–8.
[5]. Viducic D, Jukic S, Karlovic Z, Bozic Z, Miletic I, Anic I. Removal of gutta-percha from root canals using an Nd:YAG laser. Int Endontic J 2003;36:670–3.

Abstract: Insulinoma is one of the most frequent functioning neuroendocrine tumours (NET) of the pancreas1,2,3. Although in general NET tumour is relatively uncommon, insulinomas usually affect adult female patients. Insulinomas are usually benign and rarely present in paediatric age group. The correlation between insulin secretion and pancreatic tumour was first discovered by Wilder et al and the first surgical treatment of single functional cell adenoma was achieved by Graham in 1929.......

[1]. Hoskovec D, Krška Z, Škrha J, Klobušický P, Dytrych P. Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Insulinomas-A 23-Year Single-Center Experience. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;59(8):1423. Published 2023 Aug 4. doi:10.3390/medicina59081423
[2]. Insulinoma Uptodate by A Vella — Insulinoma. Author: Adrian Vella, MD; Section Editor: David M Nathan, MD; Deputy Editor: Katya Rubinow, MD.
[3]. Miron I, Diaconescu S, Aprodu G, Ioniuc I, Diaconescu MR, Miron L. Diagnostic Difficulties in a Pediatric Insulinoma: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Mar;95(11):e3045. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003045. PMID: 26986124; PMCID: PMC4839905.
[4]. David L. Galbut, Alfred M. Markowitz, Insulinoma: Diagnosis, surgical management and long-term follow-up: Review of 41 cases, The American Journal of Surgery, Volume 139, Issue 5,
[5]. Melikyan M, Gubaeva D, Shadrina A, Bolmasova A, Kareva M, Tiulpakov A, Efremenkov A, Sokolov Y, Brusgaard K, Christesen HT, Andersen K, Stepanov A, Averyanova J, Makarov S, Gurevich L. Insulinoma in childhood: a retrospective review of 22 patients from one referral centre. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Apr 19;14:1127173. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127173. PMID: 37152923; PMCID: PMC10155867..

Abstract: Background Disturbances in electrolyte levels are frequently observed in patients experiencing acute stroke and may substantially influence clinical outcomes. A thorough understanding of these abnormalities and their relationship to stroke classification and prognosis is essential for improving patient care. Objective To assess the occurrence of electrolyte......

Key Word: Acute cerebrovascular accident, electrolyte disturbance, low sodium, low calcium, ischemic event, hemorrhagic event, age-based distribution, clinical prognosis

[1]. DONNAN G.A., FISHER M., MACLEOD M. and DAVIS S.M. (May). "Stroke". Lancet 2008, p. 371 (9624): 1612-23.
[2]. ROBERTSON G.L.: Disorders of the neurohypophysis. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008; p. 2217-23.
[3]. KRAUT A.J., ADROGUE H.J. and MADIAS N.E.: Respiratory and Mixed Acid Base disorders in Brady HR, Wilcox CS (eds) Therapy in Nephrology and Hypertension: A Companion to Brenner and Rectors The Kidney (WB- Saunders Company Philadelphia 1999, p. 292-301.
[4]. SINGER G.G. and BRENNER B.M.: Fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008, p. 274-85.
[5]. LIAMIS G., RODENBURG E.M., HOFMAN A., ZIETSER. STRICKER B.H. and HOORN E.J.: Electrolyte disorders in community subjects: Prevalence and risk factors. Am. J. Med. 2013, 126 (3): 256-63..

Abstract: Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide. Early detection and management are essential for reducing associated risks. Traditional methods of diagnosing PE, including blood pressure measurement and proteinuria assessment, are limited, especially when the disease progresses in the late third trimester. This study explores the utility of ophthalmic artery Doppler ultrasonography as a predictive tool for pre-eclampsia between......

Key Word: ophthalmic artery, preeclampsia, Doppler

[1]. Moodley J. Maternal deaths due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 22:559–567.
[2]. Ronsmans C, Campbell O. Quantifying the fall in mortality associated with interventions related to hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. BMC Public Health 2011; 13(suppl 3):S8.
[3]. de Oliveira CA, de Sa RAM, Velarde LGC, Marchiori E, Netto HC, Ville Y. Doppler velocimetry of the ophthalmic arteries in pregnancy: reference values. J Ultrasound Med 2009; 28:563–569.
[4]. Ronsmans C, Graham WJ; the Lancet Maternal Survival Series Steering Group. Maternal mortality: who, when, where and why. Lancet 2006; 368:1189–1200.
[5]. Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Preeclampsia. Lancet 2005; 365:785– 799.

Abstract: Background: The effectiveness of complete dentures diminishes over time due to alveolar ridge resorption, mucosal changes, and wear of denture materials. These changes lead to loss of retention, stability, and patient comfort, necessitating corrective measures. Denture rebasing serves as conservative alternatives to full denture replacement, aiming to restore fit and function while preserving occlusal relationships and esthetics.
Materials and Methods.....

Key Word: Complete dentures, Denture rebasing, Occlusal stability, Ridge resorption, Impression materials, Soft liners, Prosthodontic rehabilitation.

[1]. Jemli, Safa. "Rebasing as a Problem-Solving in Complete Dentures." Saudi J Oral Dent Res 6.6 (2021): 227-233.
[2]. Christensen, Finn Tengs. "Relining techniques for complete dentures." The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 26.4 (1971): 373-381.
[3]. Sears, Victor H. "Functional impressions for rebasing full dentures." The Journal of the American Dental Association (1922) 23.6 (1936): 1031-1035
[4]. Buchman, Jack. "Relining full upper and lower dentures." The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2.5 (1952): 703-710.
[5]. Blatterfein, Louis. "Rebasing procedures for removable partial dentures." The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 8.3 (1958): 441-467

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to compare the incidence of retinal vascular occlusions, before and during the pandemic at a tertiary care hospital. Method: A retrospective, record based, observational study of all newly diagnosed cases of vascular occlusions was conducted for a period of four years between May 2018 and April 2022 of a Tertiary Care Center. The......

Key Word: Covid-19, Pandemic, Retinal vascular occlusions, central retinal vein occlusion, visual prognosis, hypercoagulability

[1]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
[2]. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-574. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8[3]. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281-286. doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.
[4]. Vinayagam S, Sattu K. SARS-CoV-2 and coagulation disorders in different organs. Life Sci. 2020;260:118431. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118431.
[5]. Sen M, Honavar SG, Sharma N, Sachdev MS. COVID-19 and Eye: A Review of Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(3):488-509. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_297_21

Abstract: Background: Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) is a persistent inflammatory disease of the jawbone characterized by pus discharge and sequestrum formation. It commonly follows dental infections or trauma, especially in patients with systemic comorbidities. Case Report: A 52-year-old male with a history of diabetes and chronic tobacco use presented with pain, swelling, and pus discharge in the......

Keywords: Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis, Mandible, Diabetes mellitus, Sequestrum

[1]. Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR. Oral and Maxillofacial Infections. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002.
[2]. Mercuri LG. Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49(9):934–7.
[3]. Suei Y, Taguchi A, Tanimoto K. Diagnosis and classification of mandibular osteomyelitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100(2):207–14.
[4]. Baur DA, Altay MA, Flores-Hidalgo A, Van Sickels JE. Osteomyelitis of the jaws. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2011;23(3):347–63.
[5]. Lew DP, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet. 2004;364(9431):369–79

Abstract: Résumé: Dans les pays d’endémie tuberculeuse, comme le Maroc, la découverte d’un aspect de miliaire pulmonaire évoque en premier lieu une tuberculose disséminée. Toutefois, d’autres diagnostics, bien plus rares, doivent être envisagés en cas de bilan microbiologique négatif. Nous rapportons le cas d’un adolescent de 17 ans, sans antécédents médicaux, hospitalisé pour une dyspnée d’effort évoluant depuis deux ans, associée à une altération de l’état général. L’imagerie thoracique montrait un aspect de miliaire pulmonaire avec adénopathies cervicales bilatérales. Le......

[1]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023. ISBN 978-92-4-007672-9. who.int
[2]. Oh YW, Kim YH, Lee NJ, Kim JH, Chung KB, Suh WH, et al. High-resolution CT appearance of miliary tuberculosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1994;18(6):862-866. doi:10.1097/00004728-199411000-00003. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
[3]. Lee S, Lee J, Lee KS, Jeong YJ, Kim TS, Kim H, et al. Miliary pulmonary nodules: diagnosis and differential considerations. Radiographics. 2020;40(5):1223-1238. doi:10.1148/rg.2020200107.
[4]. Lee Y, Song JW, Oh YM, Shim TS, Kim WS, Lee DS, et al. Pulmonary metastases presenting as a miliary pattern on chest radiograph or CT: clinicopathological analysis of 32 cases. J Thorac Imaging. 2014;29(4):232-237. doi:10.1097/RTI.0000000000000094.
[5]. Agrons GA, Wagner BJ, Davidson AJ, Suarez ES, Castillo M. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in children. Radiographics. 1999;19(5):1209-1224.

Abstract: The advancement of digital technologies has revolutionized the assessment of skin health and aesthetics, especially through the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in facial analysis devices. This article presents a critical and applied review of the digital methodologies used to measure facial epidermal and dermal quality, with an emphasis on AI-based systems. The seventeen parameters evaluated are discussed — such as texture, spots, pores, wrinkles, hydration, elasticity, among others — as well as the algorithms that allow the automated interpretation of high-resolution images. The incorporation of these tools into the clinical routine promotes greater diagnostic.......

Key Word: Dermatology, Artificial intelligence, digital skin analysis, facial assessment, aesthetic technologies, skin diagnosis, AI in aesthetics

[1] Kang, S., Cho, S., Chung, J. H., et al. (2020). Photoaging. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(5), 1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.07.087
[2] Piérard, G. E. (2021). Skin Biometrology: Methods and Applications. Clinical Dermatology, 39(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.06.014
[3] Ortonne, J. P., et al. (2009). Wood's light in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 48(8), 858–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04006.x
[4] Matsuki, H., et al. (2022). Facial skin diagnosis using AI-based image analysis: Current status and future perspectives. Skin Research and Technology, 28(3), e13128. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.13128 https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110879
[5] Li, C. X., Shen, C., et al. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Dermatological Science, 104(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.02.003

Abstract: Background: Occlusal splints are commonly used for the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), bruxism, and occlusal imbalance. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) are frequently employed materials for their fabrication. Regular disinfection of these appliances is critical for infection control; however, prolonged......

Key Word: Flexural strength, PMMA, PETG, chemical disinfection, chlorhexidine, glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, occlusal splints

[1]. Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular....

Abstract: Background: Normally, adjacent teeth maintain a tight interproximal contact with each other. Therefore, their separation is required to allow for the placement of orthodontic bands. Different types of separators like brass wires, latex elastics, elastomeric and spring-type steel separators have been used in orthodontics.
Materials and Methods: This study is conducted to check the amount of separation achieved in maxillary and mandibular permanent.......

Key Word: Orthodontic Separation, Kesling Separators, Elastomeric separators

[1]. Kesling HD. United States Patent Office no. 2,897,598.,1959
[2]. Sodeyama T, Maeda T, Takano Y, Hara K. Responses of periodontal nerve terminals to experimentally induced occlusal trauma in rat molars: an immunohistochemical study using PGP 9.5 antibody. J Periodontal Res. 1996;31(4):235-248.
[3]. Vardimon AD, Matsaev E, Lieberman M, Brosh T. Tightness of dental contact points in spaced and non-spaced permanent dentitions. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23(3):305-314.
[4]. Bondemark L, Fredriksson K, Ilros S. Separation effect and perception of pain and discomfort from two types of orthodontic separators. World J Orthod. 2004;5(2):172-176

Abstract: Periodontal health is of paramount concern to overall health, and successful diagnosis and treatment hinge on accurate evaluation of tooth-supporting structures. Conventional measures such as probing by hand and radiography are plagued with inaccuracies in precision and inter-examiner consistency. The present article delves into the revolutionary possibility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in redefining periodontics. CNNs, as a deep learning.......

[1]. Chawla K, Garg V. Accuracy of convolutional neural network in the diagnosis of alveolar bone loss due to periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ. 2023;18(1):163–72.
[2]. Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Liu H, Zhao Y, Li M, et al. Convolutional neural networks for bone loss detection in periodontal radiographs. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2020;40(3):379–86.
[3]. Cheng Y, Huang J, Lin S, Ma T, Xu Q, Zhao W, et al. Comparing CNNs with traditional methods in periodontal diagnosis. AI Dent. 2021;10(3):234–45.
[4]. Hernandez A, Patel R, Kim S, Lopez M, Zhang Y, Torres F, et al. Evaluation of AI-powered tools for clinical decision support in periodontics. Periodontol 2000. 2023;85(1):59–70.
[5]. Kumar A, Singh R, Mehta V, Gupta N, Reddy P, Sharma M, et al. Predicting periodontal disease progression using AI algorithms. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;50(7):839–46.

Abstract: Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, poses significant management challenges for clinicians. It often progresses to destroy tooth-supporting tissues, ultimately leading to tooth loss, and even established therapies do not always completely eradicate harmful bacteria or effectively regenerate lost tissue. This review article aims to explore the concept, methodology, advantages, and overall significance of Bone One Session Treatment (BOST), a novel, minimally invasive, and aerobic approach that is a part of Tri-Immunophasic Periodontal Therapy (TIP), as a promising advancement in the periodontist's armamentarium. BOST focuses on eliminating anaerobic bacteria from deep pockets and facilitating natural bone healing and new attachment formation in a single, comprehensive session.......

Key Word: Periodontitis, Periodontal therapy, BOST, Aerobic Periodontics, Tri-Immunophasic Periodontal Therapy, Non-surgical periodontics

[1]. Fowler EB, Breault LG, Cuenin MF. Periodontal disease and its association with systemic disease. Mil Med. 2001 Jan;166(1):85-9.
[2]. Harithrra V, Siniya A, Peter MR, Fenol A, Bhaskar A, Suresh R. Is Bone One Session Treatment an Ambit to a Periodontist- Review. IJDSIR.2020;3(1):265-269.
[3]. Priya JS, Yasaswini KP, Prasanna JS. Bone one session treatment: A new concept of treating periodontal diseases. J Oral Res Rev 2020;12:47-51.
[4]. Hashim NT, Babiker R, Priya SP, Mohammed R, Chaitanya NC, Padmanabhan V et al. Microbial Dynamics in Periodontal Regeneration: Understanding Microbiome Shifts and the Role of Antifouling and Bactericidal Materials: A Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Oct 30;46(11):12196-12213.
[5]. Selvan TK, Fairlin P, Rajkumar G, Raju DM, Beulah JM. Is tri-immuno-phasic periodontal therapy a holistic approach to periodontist- A review. Int J Clinicopathol Correl. 2021;5:40-44.