iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

Abstract: Background : Microcystic and cystoid macular changes are frequently encountered on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and may lead to diagnostic confusion in daily clinical practice. Objective : To review the OCT characteristics and clinical significance of microcystic and cystoid macular changes.
Methods : This is a narrative (non-systematic) review of selected published articles focusing on OCT morphology and associated.....

Key Word: Microcystic macular changes, cystoid macular edema, optical coherence tomography, retina

[1]. Bringmann A, Wiedemann P. Müller Glial Cells In Retinal Disease. Prog Retin Eye Res.
[2]. Sun JK, Radwan SH, Soliman AZ, Et Al. Neural Retinal Disorganization As A Robust Marker Of Visual Acuity In Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology.
[3]. Molday RS, Kellner U, Weber BH. X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis: Clinical Diagnosis, Genetic Analysis, And Molecular Mechanisms. Prog Retin Eye Res.
[4]. Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, Et Al. Mechanisms Of Macular Edema. Prog Retin Eye Res.
[5]. Cunha-Vaz J. The Blood–Retinal Barrier In Retinal Disease. Prog Retin Eye Res.

Abstract: Background : Adult-onset strabismus is uncommon and often indicates an underlying neurological or mechanical cause. Orbital amyloidosis is a rare condition that may lead to extraocular muscle involvement and restrictive strabismus.
Objective : To review the clinical presentation, imaging features, and management considerations of adult-onset strabismus associated.......

Keywords : Adult strabismus, orbital amyloidosis, restrictive strabismus, extraocular muscles, orbit

[1]. Shields JA, Shields CL. Orbital Amyloidosis: Clinical Features And Diagnosis. Ophthalmology.
[2]. Levy J, Lifshitz T, Klemperer I, Et Al. Orbital Amyloidosis: Clinical And Imaging Characteristics. Surv Ophthalmol.
[3]. Khurana RN, Porco TC, Rao NA. Localized Orbital Amyloidosis Involving Extraocular Muscles. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg.
[4]. AAO BCSC. Orbit, Eyelids, And Lacrimal System.
[5]. Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Amyloidosis: Diagnosis And Management. Mayo Clin Proc

Abstract: Backrouund: A Giant Cell Tumor of the extensor tendon sheath, additionally called 'Synovioma,' is taken into consideration a benign tumor, however it's miles widely known for its excessive chance of recurrence. Tumors bobbing up from the extensor tendon sheath of the center phalanges are notably uncommon. Additionally, bony involvement in Giant Cell Tumor of the extensor tendon sheath is unusual however intently related to the threat of neighborhood recurrence following surgery. Radiological symptoms and symptoms of bone involvement can also additionally encompass strain erosion, well-described cortical destruction, and degenerative arthritis.The number one remedy for this circumstance entails the entire elimination of the tumor from the tendon sheath.

Key Word: Gaint Cell Tumour, Extensor Tendon Sheath,

[1]. Vogrincic GS, O'Conelle JX, Gilks CB. Giant Mobile Tumor Of The Tendon Sheath Is A Polyclonal Mobile Proliferation. Hum Pathol 1997;28:815-9.
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Abstract: Background: Endodontic research aims to improve the understanding, diagnosis, and management of diseases of the pulp and periradicular tissues. Given the complex anatomy of the root canal system and the microscopic nature of many pathological and structural changes, conventional visual methods often fall short in providing adequate detail. Microscopes have therefore emerged as an important adjunctive tool in endodontic research, offering enhanced magnification, illumination, and resolution.
The use of various.......

Keywords: Microscope, Endodontic research, Root canal system

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[4]. E. Hergert, Detectors: Guideposts On The Road To Selection, Photonics Design And Applications Handbook, H110-H113, 2001.
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Abstract: Résumé Les déficits immunitaires primitifs (DIP) constituent un groupe des maladies rares et hétérogènes responsables d’une susceptibilité accrue aux infections et de complications non infectieuses. Le déficit immunitaire combiné à début tardif (LOCID), forme sévère du déficit immunitaire commun variable (DICV), peut se révéler à l’âge adulte et reste souvent sous-diagnostiqué. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient de 37 ans présentant des infections respiratoires récurrentes depuis huit ans, admis pour.....

[1]. Picard C, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Et Al. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: An Update On The Classification From The International Union Of Immunological Societies Expert Committee For Primary Immunodeficiency 2015. J Clin Immunol. 2015 ;35(8):696-726.
[2]. Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Al-Herz W, Et Al. The 2015 IUIS Phenotypic Classification For Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol. 2015 ;35(8):727-38.
[3]. Charline Miot, Diagnostic Biologique Des Déficits Immunitaires Primitifs REVUE FRANCOPHONE DES LABORATOIRES •MAI 2018
[4]. Emma Chambery Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Definition, Frequency And Diagnosis Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires, February 2023
[5]. Wehr C. Et Al. The Euroclass Trial: Defining Subgroups In Common Variable Immuodeficiency Blood(2008)

Abstract: Background: Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, with severity often influenced by underlying metabolic and hormonal disturbances. While traditionally considered a cutaneous condition, recent studies suggest that biochemical markers such as vitamin D3, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) may be closely linked to acne severity. Objective: To evaluate the association between selected biochemical parameters and clinical grades of acne vulgaris in young adults....

Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Insulin resistance, Vitamin D3 deficiency, Thyroid function

[1]. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Et Al. Guidelines Of Care For The Management Of Acne Vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-973.
[2]. Podgórska A, Malinowska-Borowska J, Sitek A. Acne Vulgaris: A Disease Of The Endocrine System? Endokrynol Pol. 2020;71(6):610–617.
[3]. Asgharian M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ebrahimi H, Zarinfar N. Evaluation Of Insulin Resistance In Acne Patients. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(9):34–38.
[4]. Arora P, Seth S, Dayal S. Thyroid Profile In Acne Vulgaris. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018;84(4):449–452.
[5]. Asha M, Manjunath GV, Poornima M, Deepa K. Insulin Resistance And Serum Testosterone In Acne Vulgaris. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(3): BC01–BC03

Abstract: L’utilisation des plantes pour des soins de santé est une pratique courante pour les populations des pays en voie de développement. La gestion traditionnelle des lésions de brulures peut être source de complications lorsque celle-ci est mal conduite. Le but de ce travail est de rapporter, à travers deux cas de traitement traditionnel des lesions de brulure, le danger d’utilisation des plantes. Les deux patientes ont été victime de brulure thermique par liquide chaud. La première patiente, âgée de 68 ans, présentait une lésion de brulure initiale de 1er degré. Un traitement traditionnel à base de poudre d’atractylis gummifera L. été appliqué.....

Keywords: Brulure, Traitement traditionnel, Plante toxique, Evolution.

[1]. Masson E. EM-Consulte. Chirurgie Des Brûlures Graves Au Stade Aigu. Disponible Sur : Https://Www.Em-Consulte.Com/Article/1120741/Chirurgie-Des-Brulures-Graves-Au-Stade-Aigu
[2]. Burns. Disponible Sur : Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Burns
[3]. Droussi H, Benchamkha Y, Ouahbi S, Dlimi M, Elatiqi OK, Boukind S, Et Al. Epidemiology And Treatment Of Paediatric Burns In A Large Children’s Hospital In Morocco : Analysis Of 394 Cases : Épidémiologie Et Traitement Des Brûlures Pédiatriques Dans Un Grand Hôpital Pour Enfants Au Maroc : L’analyse De 394 Cas. African Journal Of Emergency Medicine. 1 Sept 2013 ;3(3) :110‑5.
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[5]. Pereira RF, Bártolo PJ. Traditional Thérapies For Skin Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 1 Mai 2016 ;5(5) :208‑29.

Abstract: Background: The success of endodontics depends on a variety of factors, with three-dimensional obturation, careful canal shape, and appropriate cleaning being crucial. Among these, the amount of dentin left over after instrumentation has a direct impact on the tooth's existence and biomechanical durability.
Materials and Methods: Each group of 20 specimens was randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. Group A - Protaper Gold, Group B - WaveOne Gold, Group C – VDW Rotate. Each group of 20 specimens was randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups.......

Keywords: Dentin thickness, ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold, VDW Rotate.

[1]. Shaheen NA, Farag AM, Alhadainy HA, Darrag AM: Fracture Resistance Of Endodontically Treated Roots Using Different Preparation-Obturation Combinations. Tanta Dental J. 2013, 10:97-102. 10.1016/J.Tdj.2013.08.008
[2]. Antony SD, Subramanian AK, Nivedhitha MS, Solete P. Comparative Evaluation Of Canal Transportation, Centering Ability, And Dentin Removal Between Protaper Gold, One Curve, And Profit S3:An In Vitro Study. J Conserv Dent 2020;23:632‑6.
[3]. Tambe VH, Nagmode PS, Abraham S, Patait M, Lahoti PV, Jaju N: Comparison Of Canal Transportation And Centering Ability Of Rotary Protaper, One Shape System And Wave One System Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study. J Conserv Dent. 2014, 17:561-5. 10.4103/0972-0707.144605
[4]. Unb B, Roy M, Utpal K, Das C, Dutta K: Comparison Of Apical Transportation And Centering Ability Of Protaper Next, Hyflex Cm And Twisted Files By Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Med Dental Sci Res. 2017, 3:2394-0751.
[5]. Saricam E, Kayaoglu G. Comparison Of Oneshape, 2Shape And One Curve Endodontic Instruments For Debris And Irrigant Extrusion. Dent Med Probl 2020;57:255‑9.

Abstract: Aim: Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention in critically ill patients; however, prolonged ventilation is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Extubation failure requiring re-intubation is associated with a 25–50% increase in mortality. T-piece and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) are commonly used spontaneous breathing trial strategies, but their comparative effectiveness remains debated. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of T-piece versus CPAP in achieving successful extubation and to evaluate post-extubation outcomes........

Keywords: Mechanical ventilation, Weaning, CPAP, T-piece, Extubation failure, Intensive care unit.

[1]. Kumar L, Meghalakshmi AR, Vasudevan A, Et Al. Comparison Of Extubation Outcomes Following T-Piece Trial Versus Pressure Support/CPAP. Indian J Respir Care. 2018;7:37–41.
[2]. Matić I, Majerić-Kogler V. Pressure Support Versus T-Tube Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation. Croat Med J. 2004;45:162–166.
[3]. Esteban A, Alía I, Tobin MJ, Et Al. Effect Of Spontaneous Breathing Trial Duration On Outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:512–518.
[4]. Cekmen N, Erdemli O. Comparison Of T-Piece And CPAP In Weaning. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2011;112:512–516.
[5]. Molina-Saldarriaga FJ, Aragonés JR, Suárez R, Pérez MI, Gutiérrez J, Muskiet FD, Et Al. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Versus T-Piece Spontaneous Breathing Trial In COPD Patients: A Comparative Study. Respir Care. 2010;55(12):1680–6.

Abstract: Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) -a diagnostic imaging modality for implant placement and planning procedures in anterior mandibular area. This gives adequate information with optimum image quality, excellent geometric accuracy, and low radiation dose. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and anatomical variations of Lingual foramen in Mandible in CBCT scans of the Mandibular region.....

Keywords: Lingual Foramen, CBCT, Implant, Anterior mandible, Incisors.

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[2]. Kenneth Abramovitch Et. Al. Basic Principles Of CBCT. Dent Clin N Am,2014;58:463-484.
[3]. Scarfe W.C. Et. Al. Maxillofacial Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Essence, Elements And Steps To Interpretation. Australian Dental Journal, 2012;57(1 Suppl):46- 60.
[4]. Kaan Orhan Et. Al. CBCT Evaluation Of Morphology, Location And Course Of Mandibular Incisive Canal: Consideration For Implant Treatment. Oral Radiol, 2014;30:64-75.
[5]. Parnia F.Et. Al. Characteristics Of Anatomical Landmarks In The Mandibular Interforamina Region: A CBCT Study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Buccal., 2012 May 1;17(3):E420-5.

Abstract: Background: Headache is one of the most common complaints in children and adolescents, causing a significant impact on the quality of life of this age group. Objective: To carry out the epidemiological profile of headaches in a population of children and adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive epidemiological study carried out in three public and four private schools in several cities in the state of Paraná, Brazil, using a standardized questionnaire filled up to children and adolescents regularly enrolled in the participating schools. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers and adapted from the work of Regina Celia Ajeje Pires de Albuquerque, 2008, correlating the results with the variables: sex and age........

Keywords: headache, children, adolescent, questionnaire, epidemiology.

[1]. Onofri A, Pensato U, Rosignoli C, Wells-Gatnik W, Stanyer E, Ornello R, Et Al. Primary Headache Epidemiology In Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Headache Pain. 2023 14;24(1):8. Doi:10.1186/S10194-023-01541-0.
[2]. Szperka C. Headache In Children And Adolescents. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2021;27(3):703–731.
Doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000993.
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Abstract: In humanitarian settings, respiratory diseases represent a major source of morbidity and require expertise adapted to fragile environments (limited resources, complex logistics). The pulmonologist contributes clinically and within the health system/operational sphere, with emphasis on local capacity strengthening and sustainability of interventions. - This article outlines a detailed framework for missions, required competencies, and ethical considerations to guide pulmonologists and multidisciplinary teams involved in humanitarian work

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Abstract: “Online class/Online learning”, these became our everyday words as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis that emerged in 2019. THE PANDEMIC because of COVID-19 has affected nearly all aspects of life and education system was hit hard because of that, hence a lot of effort has been put to implement more and more virtual platforms for online classes, meetings, etc., Medical education has also been affected especially because of the needs for hands on education specifically in clinical setting for last two years....

Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, On-line learning, mental health, stress, anxiety, fatigue, methods of E-learning, platforms, internet, zoom.

[1]. Bailenson J.N. Nonverbal Overload: A Theoretical Argument For The Causes Of Zoom Fatigue. Technol. Mind Behav. 2021;2(1) Doi: 10.1037/Tmb0000030.
[2]. Cleofas J.V., Rocha I.C.N. Demographic, Gadget And Internet Profiles As Determinants Of Disease And Consequence Related COVID-19 Anxiety Among Filipino College Students. Educ. Inf. Technol. 2021:1–16. Doi: 10.1007/S10639-021-10529-9. [PMC Free Article]
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