iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2016

Abstract: This Paper Describes The Development In The Energy Meter .An Initial Amount Comfortable For The User Is Given As An Input To The System .Daily Usage Of Electricity Is Measured And Units Used For The Complete Day Along With The Tariff For The Consumed Units Is Calculated And An Prediction Is Provided To The Registered Mobile Number As An Intimation Through Gsm. Based On The Consumption High Power Consuming Devices Can Be Controlled Automatically. So That The User Can Have Awareness Of The Units Used Daily And The Tariff And It Will Be Helpful To Maintain The Electricity Bill To Their Requirement.

Keywords: Wireless Meter Reading, Gsm, Microcontroller, Arm7, Lcd Display.

[1]. De Capua ,C .;Diies, Univ .Mediterranea Of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy; Lipari, G; Lugara, M.; Morello ,R."A Smart Energy Meter For Power Grids" Published In Instrumentation And Measurement Technology Conference (I2mtc) Proceedings,2014 Ieee International.
[2]. K.Sheelasobanarani,S.Dineshraja,B.Dhanaraj,K.Karthickraja,"An Integrated Prepaid Energy Meter Using Gsm" Ijieee,Vol.2,Issn:2347-6982,2014.
[3]. B.O.Omijeh And G.I.Ighalo "Modelling Og Gsm –Based Energy Recharge Scheme For Preoaid Meter" Iosr Journal Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering (Iosr-Jeee).
[4]. Issn:2278-1676 Volume 4,Issue 1(Jan-Feb 2013)
[5]. O.Homa Kesav ,B.Abdul Rahim"Automated Wireless Meter Reading System For Monitoring And Controlling Power Consumption" International Journal Of Recent Technology And Engineering (Ijrte) Issn:2277-3878 ,Volume -1,Issue-2,June 2012.

Abstract: Communication has got a vast changes regarding to its transmission techniques as well as its high speed data rates. Multimedia data services has grown up rapidly from generation to generation i.e.,2G ,3G and at present 4G wireless communication networks. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) forms the basis due to its large capacity to allow the number of subcarriers. Although OFDM has its own advantages, it also has its own limitations that suffers it and degrades its overall performance.......

Keywords: OFDM, IDFT, ISI, ICI, PAPR, Cyclic Prefix, Amplitude Clipping & Filtering, SLM, PTS

[1]. Wu Y., Zou W. Y., "Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: A multi-carrier modulation scheme", IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 392–399, Aug. 1995.
[2]. Van Nee R., Prasad R., "OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications", Artech House, 2000.
[3]. Jiang T., Wu Y., "An Overview: Peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for OFDM signals", IEEE Trans. Broadcasting, vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 257–268, Jun. 2008.
[4]. Armstrong, J., "Peak-to-average power reduction for OFDM by repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering," Electronics Letters, vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 246–247, Feb. 2002.
[5]. Wang X. B., Tjhung T. T., Ng C. S., "Reduction of peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM system using a companding technique", IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 303–307, Sept. 1999.
[6]. Jiang T., Yang Y., Song Y., "Exponential companding transform for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems", IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 244–248, June 2005.

Abstract: Human emotion detection is a very essential and complex process. Any psychological problem can be detected at its initial stage if emotions can classify distinctly. In this paper six emotions (happy, sad, surprise, angry, fear, neutral) are classified using Back Propagation Neural Network based on six features before and after fusion of images. The comparisons between the pure emotions with fused emotions are done. Image fusion is done by min-max technique. It is seen that fused image gave better efficiency than pure image. KDFF database is used for emotion analysis. Sensitivity & Specificity of the fused emotional image are increased by 16.72% and 27.75% respectively.

Keywords: Back Propagation Neural Network, Feature Extraction, Human Emotions, KDFF database, Image Fusion

[1]. Deepali A.Godse, Dattatraya S. Bormane (2011) "Wavelet based image fusion using pixel based maximum selection rule" International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011, ISSN : 0975-5462
[2]. Susmitha Vekkot, and Pancham Shukla "A Novel Architecture for Wavelet based Image Fusion". World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 57 2009
[3]. Abraham A , "Artificial Neural Networks‟, Handbook of Measuring System Design, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005.
[4]. Owaied H & Abu-Arr‟a M 2007, "Functional Model of Human System an Knowledge Base System', The International Conference on Information & Knowledge Engineering, pp. 158 – 161.
[5]. Kreibig S 2010, "Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review‟, biological Psychology 84, pp. 394– 421Ohtaki Y, Suzuki A & Papatetanou 2009, "Integration of psycho – Physiological and Behavioral Indicators with Ambulatory Tracking of Momentary Indoor Activity Assessment‟,ICROS – SIC, International Joint conference, 2009, Japan pp. 499-502.

Abstract: The World Wide Web has become a vital source for information. Search enginesavailable now a days are giving results based on individual user's search which is user dependent. Here we are trying to refine the search results irrespective of user by considering the user feedback. The refinement results can have lot of advantages and user experience......

Keywords: Relevance feedback (RF),Search result clustering(SRC), content based image retrieval.

[1]. Q. K. Zhao , S. C. H. Hoi , T. Y. Liu , S. S. Bhowmick , M. R. Lyu and W. Y. Ma, "Time-dependent semantic similarity measure of queries using historical click-through data",Proc. 15th Int. Conf. World Wide Web, pp. 543-552, 2006.
[2]. X. S. Zhou and T. S. Huang, "Relevance feedback in image retrieval: A comprehensive review," ACM Multimedia Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 536–544, 2003.
[3]. Q. K. Zhao, S. C. H. Hoi, T. Y. Liu, S. S. Bhowmick, M. R. Lyu, and W. Y. Ma, "Time-dependent semantic similarity measure of queries using historical click-through data," in Proc. 15th Int. Conf. World Wide Web, 2006, pp. 543–552.
[4]. T. Joachims, L. Granka, B. Pan, H. Hembrooke, and G. Gay, "Accurately interpreting clickthrough data as implicit feedback," in Proc.28th Annu. Int. ACM SIGIR Conf. Research and Development in Infor-mation Retrieval, 2005, pp. 154–161.
[5]. L. Zhang, Y. X. Hu, M. J. Li, W. Y. Ma, and H. J. Zhang, "Efficient propagation for face annotation in family albums," in Proc. 12th Annu.ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia, 2004, pp. 716–723.

Abstract: All GSM Service Provider uses KPI (Key Performance Indicator) to monitor their quality of service (QOS) Performance. Nowadays major issue is call block in GSM. So if optimization major issue is call block in GSM. So RF optimization and drive test is tool to find reason of call drop. To improve the the performance of the service provide. In this research paper some practical cases and solutions are adopted to reduce the call and increase the customer and profit of the service. Major parameters Rxlevel, Handover failuer, Rxquality, C/A worst, etc.....

Keywords: Gsm; Rf; Tems; Mapinfo; C/I

[1]. Norsuzila Ya'acob ,Muhammad Salihin Ahmad Azmil, Khairul Rahim, Khairudin And Suzi Seroja, 'Coverage And Quality Radio Analysis For Single Radio Access Network Technology In GSM' . 2014 2nd International Conference On Electrical, Electronics And System Engineering (ICEESE).
[2]. Mohammad Aiman Zainali,Azita Laily Yousof, Salahuddin Al. 'Drive Test Measurement Between Maxis 2G And 3G Networks In Uitm Shah Alam Campus'. 2013 IEEE Student Conference On Research And Development (Scored), 16 -17 December 2013, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
[3]. Nenad Mijatovic, Ivica Kostanic And Sergey Dickey. Comparison Of Receive Signal Level Measurement Techniques In Gsmcellular Networks. IEEE CCNC 2008 Proceedings.
[4]. Vlatko Lipovacl, Borivoj Modlic And Antun Sertic. PRACTICAL TESTING OF GSM CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE 0-7803-766 1 -7/031$17.0082003 IEEE.
[5]. Amir Temur, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. RF Optimization Issues In GSM Networks. 978-1-4244-6904-8/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE

Abstract: Air pollution has significant influence on the concentration of constituents in the atmosphere leading to effects like global warming and acid rains. To avoid such adverse imbalances in the nature, an air pollution monitoring system is utmost important. This paper attempts to develop an effective solution for pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks (WSN) on a real time basis namely real time wireless air pollution monitoring system...

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Abstract: Medical image edge detection is an essential pre-processing step in image segmentation and restoration. The recognition of edges is useful for object identification of the human organs, to find the discontinuities in depth, changes in material properties, and variations in picture illumination. Proper classification plays a vital role in the analysis of medical images....

Keywords: Medical Imaging, Tumor, Salt and pepper noise, Morphological Operators

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Abstract: The Chinese Sign Language alpha-numeric character recognition without using any embedded sensor or color glove or without the constraints of environment is really difficult task. This paper describes a novel method to use leap Motion sensor for static sign recognition by obtaining feature set based on hand position, distance and angle between different points of hand...

Keywords: CSL,MLP,GFFNN,SVM

[1] Murthy, G. R. S., and R. S. Jadon. "A review of vision based hand gestures recognition." International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management,2(2), 2009, 405-410.
[2] Mitra, S. and Acharya, T., Gesture recognition: A survey. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on, 37(3), 2007,311-324.
[3] Erol, Ali, George Bebis, Mircea Nicolescu, Richard D. Boyle, and Xander Twombly. Vision-based hand pose estimation: A review. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 108(1), 2007, 52-73.

Abstract: Digital watermarking technique have been indicated so far as a possible solution when, in a specific scenario like authentication, copy right protection, fingerprint etc. There is the need to embed an informative message in a digital document in an imperceptible way. Such a goal is achieved by performing Robust reversible watermarking (RRW) methods. However conventional RRW methods are not readily applicable in practice. This is mainly because:1)they fail to offer satisfactory...

Keywords: Integer wavelet transformation, K-means clustering, making ,robust reversible watermarking

[1]. L. An, X. Gao, Y. Yuan, and D. Tao, "Robust lossless data hiding using clustering and statistical quantity histogram," Neurocomputing, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 1–11, Feb. 2012
[2]. L. An, X. Gao, Y. Yuan, D. Tao, C. Deng, and F. Ji, "Content-adaptive reliable robust lossless data embedding," Neurocomputing, vol. 79, pp. 1–11, Mar. 2012.
[3]. J. Tian, "Reversible watermarking using a difference expansion," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 890–896, Aug. 2003.
[4]. M. Barni, F. Bartolini, and A. Piva, Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 783–791, May 2001.
[5]. A. Calderbank, I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, and B. Yeo, "Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers," Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 332–369, Jul. 1998.

Abstract: As the Wireless communication grows very fastly the antenna design must have enhanced output parameters according to the new generation need. this paper presents the design of a stepped C-shaped Dielectric resonator antenna for C-band applications like weather detection, WiFi, long range tracking .The proposed DRA designed in this paper is used for satellite up-link communication operates at a frequency of 6GHz and is excited by microstrip line feeding....

Keywords: Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), microstrip line feed, C-shaped DRA, stepped DRA

[1]. Mohammad Ranjbar Nikkah,J. Rashid-Moshassel and Ahmed A. Kishk, "High Gain Aperture Coupled Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array Using Parasitic Elements", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 61, NO.7, JULY 2013.
[2]. J. Desjardins, D. A. McNamara, S. Thirakoune and A. Petosa, "Electronically Frequency-Reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 60, NO.6, JUNE 2012.
[3]. Debatosh Guha and Yahia M.M. Anter, " Four-Element Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Monopole-Like Radiation", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 54, NO.9,SEPTEMBER 2006.
[4]. Imran Khan and Runa Kumari, Santanu Kumar Behera, " A Four Element Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array For Wireless Applications", 2013 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computing, Communication and Nanotechnology (ICECCN 2013).

Abstract: We present a projector player system with wireless network. This paper gives the hardware and software architecture of the player system, and discusses the design in detail. Today's projector are connected to any device like computer, laptop, etc. using HDMI cable. So it becomes difficult to connect or project data from a device at a distance more than the length of HDMI cable. And it is also difficult to connect multiple devices since only one HDMI port exists. Personal computers today have 802.11 (b/a/g) -based wireless connectivity. By connecting laptops to a projector wirelessly,...

Keywords: Android, Projector, Raspberry pi, Wireless, hotspot

[1]. In Gyu Park. Development Of A Network Multimedia Projector System. Ieee Transactions On Consumer Electronics, Val. 48, No. I, February 2002, Pp90-98.
[2]. Kenji Tsunashima, Tetsuro Shida Etc. Compact Programmable Network Display System For Portable Projectors. Ieee Transactions On Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 2, May 2009, Pp312-315
[3]. Mark Ashdown, Matthew Flagg Etc. A Flexible Projector-Camera System For Multi-Planar Displays. Proceedings Of The 2004 Ieee Computer Society Conference On Computer Vision And Pattern Recognition (Cvpr'04).
[4]. Niranjan Damera-Venkata, Nelson L. Chang Etc. A Unified Paradigm For Scalable Multi-Projector Displays. Ieee Transactions On Visualization And Computer Graphics, Vol. 13, No. 6, November/December 2007. Pp 1360-1367.
[5]. M.B. Vieira, Luiz Velho Etc. A Camera-Projector System For Real-Time 3d Video. Proceedings Of The 2005 Ieee Computer Society Conference On Computer Vision And Pattern Recognition (Cvpr'05).

Abstract: Due to the presence of various applications complexities in WSN increase. thus, Dynamic profiling provides exact behavior of application runtime behaviour, which is adaptable with changing environment and reduces runtime overheads. Thus, designers required to design the appropriate method......

Keywords: Adaptive algorithm, dynamic profiling and optimization (DPOP), dynamic profiling, embedded software, wireless sensor networks (WSN).

[1]. Dr. Shu Yinbiao, Dr. Kang Lee, "Internet of Things: Wireless Sensor Networks",IEC
[2]. M. Collotta, G. Pau, V.M. Salerno and G. Scatá, "Wireless Sensor Networks to Improve Road Monitoring", 2012 Collotta et al., licensee InTech. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)
[3]. Mario Collotta, Tullio Giuffr´ E, Giovanni Pau, Gianfranco Scat`A, "Smart Traffic Light Junction Management Using Wireless Sensor Networks", E-ISSN: 2224-2864, Volume 13, 2014
[4]. Qinghua Wang, "Traffic Analysis & Modeling in Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Applications on Network Optimization and Anomaly Detection", Network Protocols and Algorithms, ISSN 1943-3581, 2010, Vol. 2, No. 1
[5]. B M Thippeswamy, Reshma S , Shaila K , Venugopal K R , S S Iyengar, L M Patnaik, "EDOCR: Energy Density On-Demand Cluster Routing In Wireless Sensornetworks", International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.6, No.1, January 2014.

Abstract: Digital image watermarking is hiding information in any form (text, image, audio and video) in original image without degrading its perceptual quality, which is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) by using Arnold Transform method. DCT based watermarking techniques offers compression while DWT based compression offers scalability. Thus all these desirable properties can be utilized to create a new robust watermarking technique. The DCT coefficients of the DWT coefficients are used to embed the watermarking information......

Keywords: Watermarking, DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform), SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

[1]. C. I. Podilchuk and E. J. Delp, "Digital Watermarking: Algorithms and Applications," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, July 2001
[2]. I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller, and J. A. Bloom, Digital Watermarking, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.
[3]. R. Karkarala and P. O. Ogunbona, "Signal Analysis Using a Multiresolution Form of the Singular Value Decomposition," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10(5), May 2001
[4]. G.C.W. Ting, B.M. Goi, S.H. Heng, Attacks on a robust watermarking scheme based on self-reference image, Computer Standards and Interfaces 30 ; 2008
[5]. Harsh Varma, Abhishek Singh, Raman Kumar ,"Robustness of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques against brightness and rotation attacks", (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol No:1, 2009.

Abstract: Dispersion compensation in optical fiber communication system is analyzed. Performance is analyzed at10 Gbps in optical communication system with different transmission distance.To analyze the different modulation formats for optical modulation system and the impact of dispersion compensators on the performance of efficient optical communication system.Q factor and BER is analyzed with respect to length of fiber.Dispersion compensation fiber and Fiber Brag Grating are used in this paper;we analyzed the three different compensation techniques pre,post and symmetric compensation. It has been seen that symmetric compensation scheme is best as compared to pre and post.

Keywords: Dispersion compensation,Fiber brag grating,EDFA,BER,DCF,wavelength division multiplexing

[1]. Performance of backbone line Pristina-Skopje in 10 GBPS \& 40GBPS using WDM and EDFA Amplifier Technology. Limani, Besim. 2016, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology.
[2]. Design Performance of High Speed Optical Fiber WDM System with Optimally Placed DCF for Dispersion Compensation. Yadav, Mulayam, et al. 20, s.l. : Foundation of Computer Science, 2015, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 122.
[3]. Dispersion Compensation with Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF). Kaur, Manpreet, Sarangal, Himali and Bagga, Parveen. 2015, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering.
[4]. Dispersion compensation using FBG and DCF in 120 Gbps WDM systems. Singh, Gagandeep, Saxena, Jyoti and Kaur, Gagandeep. 6, 2014, International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), Vol. 3.
[5]. Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber using DCF. Singh, Parul and Chahar, Rekha. 8, 2014, The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES), Vol. 3.

Abstract: This paper aims to develop a robot which is mainly based on human machine interface highly applicable to assist the patients. This is a wireless gesture controlled system and which moves according to the gestures. This gesture acts as the input signal for the robot with the help of MEMS sensors. Thus the movement of the robot is controlled by the MEMS sensors which are fixed in the fingers of the patients. The robot is equipped with wireless camera for capturing video and audio which is transmitted to the receiver connected to the personal computer. Those who operate this robot can view the robot surroundings in the personal computer.

Keywords: MEMS; sensors; microcontroller unit; wireless camera; voice module.

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