iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2016

Abstract: Discrete Hartley transform is an important tool in digital signal processing. This paper presents an algorithm for realization of two dimensional discrete Hartley transform (2-D DHT) of size N×N using systolic architecture. The 2-D DHT can be realized in two stages. For computation of these two stages, two systolic architectures are presented for realization of 2-D DHT of size 3×3. These two systolic architectures can be orthogonally interspersed together for realization 2-D DHT without requiring any transposition buffer. The number of processing elements (PEs) used in the combined structure is 2N2. Each PE consists of one multiplier, one adder and one register.

Keywords: Discrete Hartley transform, discrete Fourier transform, systolic architecture

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Abstract: Thick and thin film microstriplines have been used to investigate the effect of leaf moisture on their response.The results reported in this paper are in the form of study of Ku band response of the simple microstriplines. The overlay technique was used. An approximate estimate of the effective dielectric constant of the leaf has been made using overlay technique. It is felt that both thick and thin film microstriplines can be used to monitor the moisture status of leafy vegetation in Ku band frequency range.

Keywords: Microstriplines, thick film, thin film, leaf moisture,Ku band.

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Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is one of the key technologies for broadband cellular wireless systems. It is a multiple-access technique which is better when compared to other techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA). It works by allocating different subchannels to multiple users simultaneously. Recently, femtocells (also called small cells or Home eNode) are used by network operators to enhance indoor coverage and to meet the traffic demand. Femtocells are low powered small base stations which can be deployed in home/office enterprises.

Keywords: Femtocell, OFDMA, interference mitigation, Femto-User satisfaction, Resource allocation.

[1]. K. Sundaresan and S. Rangarajan, "Efficient resource management in OFDMA femtocells," in Proc Int. Symp. Mobihoc, 2009, pp. 33–42.
[2]. S.-Y. Lien, Y.-Y. Lin, and K.-C. Chen, "Cognitive and game-theoretical radio resource management for autonomous femtocells with QoS guarantees," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 2196–2206, Jul. 2011.
[3]. D. Lopez-Perez, A. Valcarce, G. de la Roche, and J. Zhang, "OFDMA Femtocells: A roadmap on interference avoidance," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 41–48, Sep. 2009.
[4]. H. Lee and Y. L. D. C. Oh, "Mitigation of inter-femtocell interference with adaptive fractional frequency reuse," in Proc. IEEE ICC, Jun. 2010, pp. 1–5.
[5]. A. Hatoum, R. Langar, N. Aitsaadi, R. Boutaba, and G. Pujolle, "Cluster based Resource Management in OFDMA Femtocell Networks with QoS Guarantees," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 2378–2391, Jun. 2014..

Abstract: In this paper, we present an efficient and simple approach for shadow detection based on RGB color space in complex urban color remote sensing images for solving problems caused by shadows, as well as give a brief description of the advantages and disadvantages of this method. In the proposed method shadows are detected using intensity information difference and subsequent thresholding based on Otsu's method. Shadow detection and removal is an important step in visual surveillance and monitoring systems. Shadow points are often misclassified as object points causing errors on localization, segmentation and classification of objects. Many algorithms and methods have been developed for different environmental conditions to detect shadow from the images.

Keywords: Shadow detection, Thresholding, Image processing, Intensity, Texture;

[1]. Saritha Murali, V. K. Govindan. Shadow Detection and Removal from a Single Image Using LAB Color Space. ISSN: 1314-4081. Cybernatics and information technologies Volume 13, No 1. 2013
[2]. E. Salvador, A. Cavallaro and T. Ebrahimi. Cast shadow segmentation using invariant color features. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 95 (2004) 238-259
[3]. P. Garg and K. Goyal. Detection and Removal of Shadow using Chromaticity. Pattern Recognition, Vol. 5 (4), 2014, 5745-5747.
[4]. HG Barrow and JM Tenenbaum. Recovering instrinsic scene characteristics from images. Computer Vision Systems, AR Hanson and EM Riseman, 1978. [5]. Remya K Sasi and V.K. Govindan. Shadow Detection and Removal from Real Images : State of Art. WCI '15 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Women in Computing and Informatics, ISBN: 978-1-4503-3361-0, New York, NY, USA ©2015.

Abstract: In this paper, a compact slotted triangular microstrip bow-tie monopole patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna comprises a planar triangular patch element with three triangular slots which offer quad band. The impedance bandwidth can be tuned by changing the ground plane geometry parameters (length and/or its width). The overall size of the antenna is 70mm×60mm×0.8mm including finite ground feeding mechanism. The antenna operates in four bands which are 4.78-5.12GHz, 5.8-6.22GHz, 7.21-7.62GHz, and9.18-10GHz.StableOmni-directional radiation patterns in the desired frequency band have been obtained. The proposed geometry was practically realised and tested its parameters. Measured data fairly agree with the simulated results.

Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Finite Ground, and Monopole Antenna.

[1] A. H. Reja "Study of Micro Strip Feed Line Patch Antenna", Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, vol. 27, pp. 340-342 December 2008.
[2] Sahntanu Kumar Behera and Y. Choukiker, "Design and Optimization of Dual Band Micro Strip Antenna Using Practicle Swarm Optimization Technique," Springer Science Business Media, LLC, pp. 1346-1354, 2010
[3] M. A. Alkanhal, "Compact composite triple band antenna", Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 93, 221-236, 2009
[4] A. A. Deshmukh and G. Kumar, "Compact broadband gap-coupled shorted L-shaped microstrip antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, vol 1, (Baltimore, Maryland), pp. 106–109, IEEE, July 2001.
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Abstract: This work tries to evaluate a digital communication system using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation and demodulation. It also shows the effect of an Addictive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with variable frequency offset on the transmitted signal. The work was carried out using MATLAB QPSK model and the effect of varying the frequency offset of the AWGN channel on the bit error rate (BER) was plotted. The transmitted signals are baseband signals and the received signals are in plain text. The text are American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) codes generated by the bit generator for each frame, transmitted by the transmitter and decoded by the receiver in plain text. The work shows that the level of immunity depends on the frequency offset used in QPSK receiver and least BER recorded at a fixed signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of 20dB, a frequency offset of 4500Hz..

Keywords: Addictive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Bit Generator, Demodulation, Digital Communication, Modulation, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK).

[1]. F. Didactic, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK/DQPSK), Quebec Canada: Library and Archives, 2007
[2]. P. Palà-Schönwälder, J. Bonet-Dalmau, F. X. Moncunill-Geniz, F. d. Águila-López and R. Giralt-Mas, "A Superregenerative QPSK Receiver," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 2014, 1-8.
[3]. F. Irshaad and S. J. Seb, "Compensation of frequency offset for 16-QAM optical coherent system using QPSK partitioning," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2011, 1-3.
[4]. I. Fatadin, D. Ives and J. Savory, Laser Linewidth Tolerance for 16-QAM Coherent Optical Systems using QPSK Partitioning, ," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2010, 631-633.
[5]. K. M. Gharaibeh, Nonlinear Distortion in Wireless Systems Modeling and Simulation with Matlab, Ist edition, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2012..

Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas are extensively used in applications where there is a constraint in size like cell phones and satellites. In this paper, design of 8 element ring width rectangular microstrip patch antenna array at 5.2GHz (C-band) using HFSS is proposed. This array design is precisely useful for the communication coverage of the tight spotted areas with beam width ranging 100 to 150. The feeding technique used in this proposed design is edge feed. Parametric analysis of ring width rectangular microstrip patch antenna array is performed for varying ring width values. Introduction of the slot leads to design of ring width rectangular microstrip patch antenna array. The operating frequency lowers due to this slot..

Keywords: High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), Microstrip patch antenna, ring width, edge feed.

[1] Constantine A. Balanis, Arizona State University, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", 3rd Edition, John Wiley& Sons, Inc.
[2] Amit Kumar, "U Shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication System and Parametric Variation Analysis," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), pp: 1 – 4, July 2013.
[3] K. K. S. Angana Sarma, Kumaresh Sarmah, "Low return loss slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 2.4 GHz," in Proceedings of second international Conference on Signal Processing and integrated Networks (SPIN 2015), 2015.
[4] James, R.J., et al, "Some recent developments in micro strip antenna design", IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol.AP-29, January 1981, pp.124-128.
[5] Ansoft Corporation, users guide: High Frequency Structure Simulator V10.

Abstract: The goal of this research paper is to study various previous techniques of segmentation used for brain tumor detection. The paper incorporates discussion for image post processing techniques. Finally the region of interest specified by tumor area is defined as confirmation step. Brain tumor is one of the most common kinds of cancer, as well as the leading cause of mortality among human. Rates of brain tumor around the World vary a great deal. Early detection of brain tumor is really important in order to improve recovery rates to a great extent...............

Keywords: MRI of Brain, Tumor Segmentation, Tumor Detection, Pre-processing, Filtering

[1] Swe Zin Oo, Aung Soe Khaing, "Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation using Watershed Segmentation and Morphological Operation", Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, ISSN: 2319-1163.
[2] K. S. Angel Viji, Dr J. Jayakumari, "Modified Texture Based Region Growing Segmentation of MR Brain Images, IEEE Conference on Information and Communication Technologies", ISSN:978-1-4673-5758-6/13.
[3] Rasha Noureddine, Khalil Tarhini, Soha Saleh, "Segmentation and Extraction of Brain Injury Lesions from MRI Images", 2015 International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 146, No. 3,2015.
[4] B.Sathees, Dr.R.Anbu Selvi, "Feature Extraction Using Image Mining Techniques to Identify Brain Tumors", IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems ICIIECS'15, Volume: 02 Issue: 03 | Mar-2015.
[5] Ehab F. Badran, Esraa Galal Mahmoud, and Nadder Hamdy, "An Algorithm for Detecting Brain Tumors in MRI Images", 2010 IEEE transaction on medical imaging, ISSN: 978-1-4244-7042-6/10

Abstract: Telemedicine brings an undeniable contribution in the improvement of healthcare systems. We studied in this paper, the ability to transmit simultaneously, all channels of a multichannel biomedical signal. We have adopted for this purpose the model of the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system. At the transmitter, we developed the models of the spectral spreading, multiplexing, modulation and amplification. Discrete Walsh functions were chosen to serve as codes. We implemented in the simulations, five propagation models of electric radio waves...............

Keywords: CDMA, Multichannel biomedical signals, Radio waves propagation models, Telemedicine.

[1]. WHO, "mHealth, New horizons for health through mobile technologies Based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth" Global Observatory for eHealth series - Volume 3, 2011.
[2]. Darrell West "How Mobile Devices are Transforming Healthcare", Issues in Technology Innovation, No. 18, may 2012.
[3]. Goldberger AL, Amaral LAN, Glass L, Hausdorff JM, Ivanov PCh, Mark RG, Mietus JE, Moody GB, Peng C-K, Stanley HE. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Circulation 101(23):e215-e220 [Circulation Electronic Pages; http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/23/e215]; 2000 (June 13); avalaible online: www.physionet.org.
[4]. A.M Nasrabadi, M. Heidari Kani, « Design of ECG acquisition and transmission via Bluetooth with heart disease and diagnosis", IEEE International Workshop on, Medical Measurements and Application proceedings (MeMeA), 2011, pp. 55-58.
[5]. P. Silapaporn, O.Chutatape, «Continous ECG Transmission via mobile Telephone Network and waiting time of packets for smooth display", IEEE Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Network (CICSyN), 2012, pp. 137-142.

Abstract: Nowadays, there's a deficiency of the spectrum as a result of advancement in wireless networks and services like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zig Bee and Wi-max, etc. A survey performed by the spectrum policy task force (SPTF) among the Federal communication Commission (FCC), states that really commissioned spectrum is inefficiently used as some bands stay vacant for long term period in some explicit nation-states, some frequency bands area unit partly occupied and therefore the alternative components of the spectrum bands area unit densely used............

Keywords: Cognitive radio, dynamic-double-threshold, energy detection, spectrum hole, noise uncertainty

[1]. F. Akyildiz, Y.Altunbasak, F. Fekri, R. Sivakumar, AdaptNet: adaptive protocol suite for next generation wireless internet, IEEE Communications Magazine 42 (3) (2004) 128-138.
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