iosr-JECE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2018

Abstract: Domestic automation refers back to the department of automation that deals with the techniques dedicated to the reduction of human efforts and involvement in attaining obligations. The main goal of those domestic automation structures has the use of internet of things (IoT) is to inhibit automatic and digital manage of family functions interest and home equipment. This paper deals with the wide range connectivity and power efficient manager of the house equipment in a consumer-pleasant manner. These capabilities of connectivity, scalability, energy saving may be completed by means of the usage of raspberry pi, which acts as an interface between the hardware and the software of the complete device which may be connected to number of peripherals the usage of USB ports or HDMI port and GPIO................

Index Terms - Wi-Fi connectivity, Internet of Things (IoT), Raspberry Pi, Home-Automation, (Global System for Mobile Communications) GSM.

[1] Shih-Pang Tseng, Bo-Rong Li, Jun-Long Pan, and Chia-JuLin,"An Application of Internet of Things with Motion Sensing on Smart House", 978-1-4799-6284-6/14 c ⃝2014 IEEE.
[2] Andrea Zanella, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani, LorenzoVangelista, and Michele Zorzi, "Internet of Things for Smart Cities", IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL,VOL. 1, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2014.
[3] Android based Home automation Using RaspberryPi, by ShaijuPaul, AshlinAntony and Aswathy.B, IJCAT-International Journal of computing and Technology,Volume-1,Issue1, February2014.
[4] Home Automation System using android and Wi-Fi‖ byR.S.Surya-vanshi, KunalKhivensara, Gulam- Hussain, Nitish Bansal, VikashKumar. Inter-national journal of Engineering and computer science, ISSN:2319-7242, Volume3, Issue:10,October2014. Page No:8792-8794.
[5] Raspberry pi and Wi-Fi Based Home- Automation‖ byP.Bhagya lakshmi,G.Divya, L.Aravinda. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN:2248-9622 (NCDATES- 09th & 10th January 2015).

Abstract: There is a huge demand for spectrum, but in conventional system radio spectrum is inefficiently used. To overcome this problem and improve spectrum utilization, cognitive radio concept has been proposed. Cognitive radio (CR) is the greatest mechanism for use spectrum efficiently. The main objective of CR is to use scarce and limited natural resources efficiently without any interference to the primary users. One of most challenging issues in cognitive radio systems is spectrum sensing concepts. There are various spectrum sensing techniques like matched filter detection, energy detection, cyclostationary detection, covariance detection and wavelet detection. Out of these techniques energy detection has got the most attention by the researchers due to its simplicity and low computational requirements..............

Keywords: Cognitive Radio, Spectrum sensing, Energy detection, Detection threshold, Adaptive threshold.

[1] FCC, "SPECTRUM POLICY TASK FORCE REPORT," IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC), WASHINGTON DC, USA, NOV. 2002.
[2] J. Mitola and G. Q. Maguire, "Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal," IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, August 1999, pp. 13-18.
[3] Hyun-Ho Choi, K. Jang and Y. Cheong, "Adaptive sensing threshold control based on transmission power in cognitive radio systems," IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communication, pp. 1-6, May 2008.
[4] Gorcin A., Qaraqe K.A., Celebi H., Arslan H .. An adaptive threshold method for spectrum sensing in multi-channel cognitive radio networks. IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (lCT), 2010 .
[5] Joshi,D.R.,Popescu,D.C.,Dobre,O.A . Dynamic threshold adaptation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2010 IEEE. 2010, Page(s): 468 - 47l.

Abstract: Improved version of DTN (Delay tollerent network) is ICWN. In ICWN (intermittently connected wireless networks) nodes are not directly connected to each other instead it is connected randomly according to the relationship between the neighbour nodes. So the data forwarding in ICWN with less latency and high data delivery rate is very difficult. In this paper we obtain the improved data delivery ratio with increased speed and high QOP (Quality of protection) by using BPSK modulation. To forward data in ICWN, the process based and relationship based credibility is considered for finding the neighbour nodes. The numerical result shows the comparison between the conventional techniques (PROPHET and Trust threshold) and QOP-DF (Quality of protection data forwarding) technique. Numerical result shows the reliable data transmission with improved QOP, reduction of latency, and increased data delivery ratio.

Keywords: DTN(Delay tollerent network), ICWN(intermittently connected wireless networks), QOP(quality of protection)

[1] M. J. Khabbaz, C. M. Assi, and W. F. Fawaz, "Disruption- Tolerant Networking: A Comprehensive Survey on Recent Developments and Persisting Challenges." IEEE Commun. Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 2, 2012, pp. 607–40.
[2] Z. Zhang, "Routing in Intermittently Connected Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Delay Tolerant Networks:Overview and Challenges." IEEE Commun. Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 8, no. 1, 2006, pp. 24–37.
[3] S.N. Foley et al., "Multilevel Security and Quality of Protection," Proc. First Workshop on Quality of Protection, Como, Italy, Sept. 2005.
[4] V. S. Mota, F. D. Cunha, and D. F. Macedo, "Protocols, Mobility Models and Tools In Opportunistic Networks: A Survey," Computer Commun., vol. 48, no. 4, 2014, pp. 5–19.
[5] H. J. Zhu et al., "A Probabilistic Misbehaviour Detection Scheme toward Efficient Trust Establishment in Delay- Tolerant Networks," IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib Sys., vol. 25, no. 1, 2014, pp. 22–32.

Abstract: Network lifetime has turned out to be the essential thing for comparing sensor networks in a utility precise manner. In wireless sensor networks, the sensor nodes are powered by small batteries; hence, the strength consumption in working a WSN should be as minimum as possible. The wireless sensor community present all sensor nodes generate an equal amount of statistics packets in a WSN, nodes around a sink should convey more packets and have a possibility to die earlier than other nodes due to the fact that the energy intake of sensor nodes is nearly absolutely dominated by means of data communication rather than sensing and processing. Therefore, the overall network lifetime can be improved by balancing the communication load at heavily loaded nodes around a sink. This problem is one of the most important issues for WSNs.............

[1] Kazuhiko Kinoshita, Natsuki Inoue, Yosuke Tanigawa, Hideki Tode, and Takashi Watanabe, "Fair Routing for Overlapped Cooperative Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks" IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 16, No. 10, May 15, 2016
[2] K. Bicakci, I. E. Bagci, B. Tavli, and Z. Pala, "Neighbor sensor networks: Increasing lifetime and eliminating partitioning through cooperation," Comput. Standards Interfaces, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 396–402, Jun. 2013.
[3] K. Bicakci and B. Tavli, "Prolonging network lifetime with multi-domain cooperation strategies in wireless sensor networks," Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 582–596, Aug. 2010.
[4] J. Nagata, Y. Tanigawa, K. Kinoshita, H. Tode, and K. Murakami, "A routing method for cooperative forwarding in multiple wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Netw. Services (ICNS), Mar. 2012, pp. 43– 46.
[5] G. Gupta and M. Younis, "Performance evaluation of load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Telecommun. (ICT), Mar. 2003, pp. 1577–1583.

Abstract: Hyper-MIMO systems are regarded as one of the most upcoming research areas today, given to the next generation of mobile networking. This is due to the fact that Hyper-MIMO channel can offer a noteworthy capacity gain over a traditional multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channel. In Hyper-MIMO we are increasing number of transmitting antennas at base station to improve performance. In this paper we discuss about Hyper-MIMO, enhanced spectral efficiency using various precoding over traditional MIMO system. Hyper-MIMO contributes an immense channel potential and spectral efficiency for the users with high data rate. This paper discusses and simulates the potential and the Spectral efficiency improvement of Hyper-MIMO using MR Precoding ,MMSE Precoding and Zero-forcing Precoding with and without pilot sgnals of Hyper-MIMO systems..

Index Terms: Capacity, Hyper-MIMO, 5G, MIMO, MM-WAVE, Spectral efficiency

[1] Md.shoriful Islam, Md.Kamruzzaman, Tazkia Jessy, "Performance Anal-ysis of Massive MIMO for 5G Wireless Communication SystemsIEEE Acess.2016
[2] Elias Yaacoub, Mohammed Husseini,Hassan Ghaziri "An Overview of Research Topics and Challenges for 5G Massive MIMO Antennas, IEEE @CON 2016
[3] G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, "On limits of wireless communica-tions in a fading environment when using multiple antennas, Wireless Pers.Commun., vol. 6, pp. 311335, Mar. 1998
[4] JonW. Wallace, Michael A. Jensen A. Lee Swindlehurst AND, Brian D. Jeffs, "Experimental Characterization of the MIMO Wireless Channel: Data Acquisition and Analysis IEEE Transcation in wireless communi-cation 2003
[5] Sk. Saddam Hussain, Shaik Mohammed Yaseen and Koushik Bar-man "AN OVERVIEW OF MASSIVE MIMO SYSTEM IN 5GI

Abstract: Adaptive spatial modulation(ASM) is a recently developed communication system that generalizes both Spatial Modulation(SM) and Transmit Antenna Selection(TAS). Data stream is divided in signal carried information and spatial carried information. Using Huffman coding transmitter can adjust activation probability of transmit antenna according to receiver side feedback. Huffman coding helps to assign binary data antenna index. Antenna information bits are mapped to corresponding transmit antenna according to constructed code. Activation probability is derived by optimizing capacity which helps to select transmit antenna. Bit error rate is calculated to compare performance of ASM and SM. ASM minimizes bit error and there by producing improvement in performance

Index Terms—ASM, SM, TAS

[1] Wei Wang, Wei Zhang ; Adaptive spatial modulation using huffman coding, Dec 2017
[2] G. J. Foschini, Layered space-time architecture for wireless communi-cation in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas, Bell Labs Tech. J., pp. 41-59, Autumn 1996.
[3] R. Y. Mesleh, H. Haas, S. Sinanovic, C. W. Ahn, and S. Yun, Spatial modulation, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2228-2241, Jul. 2008.
[4] M. Di Renzo, H. Haas, A. Ghrayeb, S. Sugiura, and L. Hanzo, Spatial modulation for generalized MIMO: Challenges, opportunities and implementation, Proc. IEEE, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 56-103, Jan. 2014
[5] X. Guan, Y. Xiao, Y. Cai, and W. Yang, On the mutual information and precoding for spatial modulation with finite alphabet, IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 383-386, Aug. 2013.

Abstract: A portable tower is a device which is used to connect High power tower(HPT) and cell phone(which is not in range). It is also used to create distortion less communication. Every HPT has particular area or region under it.If a cell-phone leaves that particular area or region, distortion in signals may occur. This effect can be overcome by using the portable tower.PortableTower can be used in urban,rural areas.This model is referred from NASA. The innovators at NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTRE have invented a portable communication signal booster device which is currently licensing.It was designed to improve communication during lunar missions and astronautical purpose. But this device is heavy and big in size.

Index Terms—Cell-Phone, Communication Signal Booster, HPT (high power tower),LPT(low power tower), P.T(Portable tower).

[1] Randolph L. Durrant,Logan Scott,John K.Reece,RF SIGNAL REPEATER, MOBILE UNITPOSITION DETERMINATION SYSTEMUSING THE RF SIGNAL REPEATER, ANDMETHOD OF COMMUNICATION,Patent N0.2 US 6,501,955 B1.
[2] National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Portable Wireless Signal Booster - Increases signal strength for commercial wireless products,SN: 12/894749 Deployable Fresnel Rings, Innovative Partnerships Office (IPO) - NASA.
Proceedings Papers:
[3] HyunsoonKim,SeunghoYoo,Jongtack Jung,Hwangnam Kim, Chung G. Kang,Minjoong Rim, Augmenting Small Cell with Personal Area Cell for Performance Improvement, IEEE Digital Xplore Library.
[4] UnaiMeabe, Xavier Gil, Caiwei Li, Manuel Vélez, On the Coverage and Cost of HPHT Versus LPLTNetworks for Rooftop, Portable, and MobileBroadcast Services Delivery, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING, VOL. 61, NO. 2, JUNE 2015
Books:
[5] R. K. Shevgaonkar, Electromagnetic Waves, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2005)..

Abstract: An image stitching method panorama gives serious issues with respect to distortion when collaborating long similar sequential images. To solve the distortion enhanced approach is proposed in this work, adding the alteration of the way sequential referred image and adding a head an approach that can calculate the transformation matrix[3] for any image with in the sequence to put for alignment[11] with the referred image with in the same space of coordinate area. Apart from this the enhanced stitching approach selects the next preceding image automatically based on the matched output points with respect to number of SIFT[10] approach. With regular stitching methodology and enhanced stitching[8] methodology , by comparing these two our approach decreases the SIFT features ROI detected area of the referred image. Our practical results shows theenhanced approach cannotonly initiate the efficiency of stitching on image processing and also drastic reduction of thepanoramic distortion[10][14] issues. This results the plain non distorted panoramic image output..

Index Terms—ROI(Region of interest) , SIFT(scale invariant feature transform), distortion,stitching, image alignment..

[1]. Wei Xu And Jane Mulligan. Performance Evaluation Of Color Correction Approaches For Automatic Multi-View Image Stitching. In 2010 IEEE Conference On Computer Vision And Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2010), Pages 263 -270, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 2010.
[2]. Oliver Whyte, Josef Sivic1, Andrew Zisserman, And Jean Ponce. Nonuniform Deblurring For Shaken Images. In 2010 IEEE Conference On Computer Vision And Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2010),Pages491-498,Sanfrancisco,CA,USA,June2010.
[3]. Y. Yu, K. Huang, And T. Tan, "A Harris-Like Scale Invariant Feature Detector," In Proc. Asianconf. Comput. Vis.,2009, Pp.586–595.
[4]. J. M. Morel And G. Yu, "Asift: A New Framework For Fully Affine Invariant Image Comparison," SIAM J.Imag. Sci., Vol. 2, No. 2, Pp.438–469,Apr. 2009.
[5]. M. Brown And D. G. Lowe. Automatic Panoramic Image Stitching Using Invariant Features.Int. J.Comput. Vision,74:59–73,August 2007.

Abstract: A frequency reconfigurable planar inverted f antenna for LTE/Bluetooth/WLAN wireless application is proposed. The proposed antenna has three Switches. The antenna has compact size. This antenna has six ways to operate using switch. When switch *1 is ON and other two switches *2 and *3 are OFF we get LTE Band having 2.3GHz operating frequency. When *2 is ON and other diodes are OFF we get 2.4 Bluetooth band. When diodes *1 & *2 are in ON state we get 3.65 WLAN. During diode *1 and *3 are ON we get 2.3 LTE band. During all the diodes ON we get 2.5 LTE bands in 6 operating modes.

Index Terms—Frequency reconfigurable antenna, LTE/Bluetooth/WLAN antenna.

[1]. S. W. Lee and Y. Sung, Compact frequency reconfigurable antenna for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications, IEEE Antennas and Propag., vol.63,No.10,Octomber,2015, pp.4572-4577.
[2]. M. Abou Al-alaa, Hala A. Elsadek, Esmat A. and E. A. Hashish, PIFA frequency reconfigurable antenna, IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation Society (APSURSI), 2014, pp. 1256-1257.
[3]. M. Abou Al-alaa, Hala A. Elsadek, and Esmat A. Abdallah, Effect of human head on frequency reconfigurable PIFA antenna performance & SAR calculations, IEEE, 2015.
[4]. Malcolm Ng Mou Kehn, Oscar Quevedo-Teruel, Eva Raja-Iglesias, Reconfigurable loaded planar inverted-f antenna using varactor diodes, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Letters, vol.10,2011, pp. 466-468.
[5]. Kathleen L. Melde, Hyun-Jin Park, Ho-Hsin Yeh, Beatrice Fankem, zhenzhou, and William R. Eisensta-dt, Software defined match control circuit integrated with a planar inverted f antenna, IEEE Antennas and Propag., vol.58,No.12,Dec,2010,pp. 3884-3889.

Abstract: People are facing problems during parking their vehicles in the parking slot. The existing parking system cannot be affordable to our flexibility. Our proposed system based on sensor network categorizes the cars based on its length and track the parking slot. The car`s image is compared with image stored in database. According to its length, slot would be allotted for each car that enters with a display message in the LCD. The proposed system reduces time consumption as well fuel and carbon footprints in the atmosphere. This system detects vehicles in indoor and outdoor fields, accurately.

[1]. "A Time and Energy Efficient Parking System Using ZigBee Communication Protocol" by Abu Asaduzzaman and Kishore K
Chidella and Muhammad F.Mirdha (2015).
[2]. "Traffic Information Acquisition System With Ultrasonic Sensors in Wireless Sensors Network" by YoungtaeJo, Jinsup Choi and
Inbum Jung (2014).
[3]. "Introduction of Intelligent Vehicle Detection sensors ,Intelligent Transportation systems" by T. Matsuo,Y. Kaneko and
M.Matano.709-713,1999.

Abstract: A frequency-reconfigurable antenna designed using metasurface (MS) to operate at around 5 GHz is studied and proposed. The frequency-reconfigurable metasurfaced (FRMS) antenna is composed of a simple circular patch antenna and a circular MS with the same diameter of 40 mm and implemented using planar technology. The MS is placed directly atop the patch antenna, making the FRMS antenna very compact and low profile with a thickness of only 3.048 mm. The MS consists of rectangular-loop unit cells placed periodically in the vertical and horizontal directions. Simulation results show that the operating frequency of the antenna can be tuned by physically rotating the MS around the center with respect to the patch antenna. The MS placed atop the patch antenna behaves like a dielectric substrate and rotating the MS changes the equivalent relative permittivity of the substrate and hence the operating frequency of the FRMS antenna. Measured results show that the antenna has a tuning range from 4.76 to 5.51 GHz, a fractional tuning range of 14.6%, radiation efficiency and a realized peak gain of more than 80% and 5 dBi, respectively, across the tuning range.

Keywords: MS- Meta-Surface; FRMS- Frequency Reconfigurable Meta-Surface; Unit cell

[1] H. L. Zhu, X. H. Liu, S.W. Cheung., "Frequency recongigurable antenna using metasurface," IEEE Transactions Antennas and Propagation, VOL. 62, pp. 80-85, 2014.
[2] H. F. AbuTarboush et al., "A reconfigurable wideband and multiband antenna using dual-patch elements for compact wireless devices," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, pp. 36–43, 2012.
[3] Z. J. Jin, J. H. Lim, and T. Y. Yun, "Frequency reconfigurable mul- tiple-input multiple-output antenna with high isolation," IET Microw., Antennas Propag., vol. 6, pp. 1095–1101, 2012.
[4] A. Sheta and S. F. Mahmoud, "A widely tunable compact patch an- tenna," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 40–42, 2008.
[5] X. L. Sun, S. W. Cheung, and T. I. Yuk, "Dual-band monopole an- tenna with frequency-tunable feature for WiMAX applications," IEEE.

Abstract: Medical image processing is the most challenging and emerging field now a days. Here we describe the strategy to detect and extraction of Brain tumour from patient's MRI scan Images of the Brain. We collected MR brain images from Harvard Medical School website and OASIS dataset. First Otsu's Binarization is employed and K means clustering for Segmentation. Then wavelet transform and PCA were used to extract and reduce the dimensions of the features. Now from these we calculate the various parameter values..

Keywords - Otsu's Binarization, Wavelet Transform, PCA, K-means clustering.

[1] Emin Tagluk, M., M. Akin, and N. Sezgin, "Classification of sleep apnea by using wavelet transform and artificial neural networks," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1600-1607, 2010.
[2] Zhang, Y., L. Wu, and G. Wei, "A new classifier for polarimetric SAR images," Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 83-104, 2009.
[3] Camacho, J., J. Pico, and A. Ferrer, "Corrigendum to "The best approaches in the on-line monitoring of batch processes based on PCA: Does the modelling structure matter?‟ [Anal. Chim. Acta Volume 642 (2009) 59-68]," Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 658, No. 1, 106-106, 2010.
[4] Chaplot, S., L. M. Patnaik, and N. R. Jagannathan, "Classification of magnetic resonance brain images using wavelets as input to support vector machine and neural network," Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Vol. 1, No.1, 86-92, 2006.
[5] Cocosco, C. A., A. P. Zijdenbos, and A. C. Evans, "A fully automatic and robust brain MRI tissue classification method," Medical Image Analysis, Vol. 7, No. 4, 513-527, 2003.

Abstract: The broadband network connections via Vertical Handover (VHO) becomes more ubiquitous day by day which in turn motivates the Mobile Users (MUs) to utilize this feature in accomplishing most of their businesses in the different life aspects. The VHO is taken place based on three main things: MU's preferences (e.g., cost and security), network (e.g., latency and coverage) and terminal (e.g., battery and velocity). This paper focuses on the security as one of the most crucial factors in VHO; therefore, it presents an overview of VHO security approaches against VHO non- security approaches for which their characteristics are discussed.

Keywords: Vertical Handover Security, Vertical Handover Non-Security, Wireless Networks, Heterogeneous Networks

[1] Haji, A.; Ben Letaifa, A.; Tabbane, S.;, "Integration of WLAN, UMTS and WiMAX in 4G," 16th International Conference Electronics, Circuits, and Systems 2009 (ICECS 2009), 13-16 Dec 2009, pp. 307-310.
[2] Cisco and/or its affiliates (2016). White Paper on Secure Network Access for Personal Mobile Devices:USA.
[3] Torad, M.; El Qassas, A.; Al Henawi, H.;, "Comparison between LTE and WiMAX Based on System Level Simulation Using OPNET Modeler (Release 16)," 28th National Radio Science Conference 2011 (NRSC 2011), 26-28 Apr 2011, pp. 1-9.
[4] Guifen, G.; Guili, P.;, "The Survey of GSM Wireless Communication System," International Conference on Computer and Information Application 2010 (ICCIA 2010), 3-5 Dec 2010, pp. 121-124.
[5] Nkansah-Gyekye, Y.; Agbinya, J.I.;, "A Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Next Generation Wireless Networks," 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Information Technology & Biomedical Applications, 23-26 Nov 2008, pp. 358-364..

Abstract: A ray tracing approach with theoretical and experimental results to show the condition in which MIMO techniques allow the erogodic capacity of the channel may be increased. MIMO techniques, based on multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving sites, used to analyse the capacity due to multipath propagation to transform the overall channel into numerous independent virtual channels. However, when the link is made in a long tunnel, the number of reflecting objects between, or near the transmitter and the receiver is often quite low. The result shows the capacities of MIMO channel in LOS path are less than non line of sight in indoor tunnels in 1800 MHz band. In addition, due to the large transverse dimension of the tunnel compared to the wave length, the tunnel acts like a lossy oversized wave guide. In such situations, the concept of spatial diversity must be replaced by the concept of modal diversity.

[1]. W.Lee, Wireless and Cellular Telecommunications. 3rd edition: McGraw Hill, 2010
[2]. G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, "On limits of wireless communication in a fading environment when using multiple antennas," Wireless Personal Commun., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 311–335, 1998.
[3]. G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans, and J. M. Kahn, "Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multi-element antenna systems," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, pp. 502–512, Mar. 2000
[4]. MIMO Channels in Tunnels: Experimental Approach and Stochastic Model, Martine Lienard 2003 IEEE.
[5]. Multi antenna Capacities of Waveguide and Cavity Channels VOL. 54, NO. 3, MAY 2005.