iosr-JECE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2018

Abstract: A 3 pole 2GHz Butterworth microstrip low pass filter is designed and fabricated based on the Open-circuited stub microstrip realization technique. The filter is designed using the FR4 substrate and the performance of the design is simulated using the ADS EM simulation tool. A comparison of the fabricated Open-circuited stub filter's performance with the ADS simulation showed a marginal average deviation of less than 5%. At the cut-off frequency of 2GHz, the Open circuited stub filter produced an insertion loss of -3.009dB, while the stop-band characteristics exhibited an attenuation of -19.359dB at the stop-band frequency of 4GHz and a peak attenuation up to -35dB at 4.5GHz.

[1] B. Chris, RF Circuit Design. NEWNES, 1982.

[2] Ian Hunter, Theory and Design of Microwave Filters. University Press, Cambridge, 2006.

[3] Dhanasekharan Natarajan, A Practical Design of Lumped, Semi-lumped & Microwave Cavity Filters. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013

[4] M. G.L, Y. Leo, and E. M. . Jones, DESIGN OF MICROWAVE FILTERS, IMPEDANCE-MATCHING NETWORKS, AND COUPLING STRUCTURE. Stanford Research Institute, 1963.

[5] Gary Lee, Advances in Intelligent Systems: Selected Papers from 2012 International Conference on Control Systems (ICCS 2012). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

Abstract: Localization without considering antenna radiation pattern gives a significant error which can be minimized .we propose a novel technique of localization based on antenna radiation pattern for finding 3D location of sensor node in a wireless sensor network by using radiation pattern of antenna with received signal strength indication. Proposed localization algorithm is developed by considering target node equipped with half wave dipole antenna which has omnidirectional radiation pattern. The results show that proposed algorithm estimates 3D location of sensor node in a sensor network with low average error (<0.495m)..

Keywords: Localization, Dipole antenna, Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)..

[1]. Seung-Ho Baeg, Jae-Han Park, JaehanKoh, Kyung-Wook Park, Moon-Hong Baeg. "RoboMaidHome: A Sensor Network-based Smart Home Environment for Service Robots", 16th IEEE International Conference on Robot &Human Interactive Communication 26-29, Augus 2007 / Jeju, Korea.
[2]. A. Srinivasan and J. Wu, "A Survey on Secure Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks, "Encyclopedia of Wireless and Mobile Communications, B.Furht (ed.), CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2008.
[3]. J.C.Navas and T.Imielinski. "Geographic Addressing and Routing". In Proceedings of MOBICOM'97, Budapest, Hungary, September 26, 1997.
[4]. Y-B.Ko and N. H. Vaidya. "Location-Aided Routing (LAR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", In the Proceedings of MOBICOM'98, 1998.
[5]. N. Patwari, A. O. Hero, M. Perkins, N. S. Correal, and R. J. ODea, "Relative Location Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, VOL. 51, NO. 8, AUGUST 2003.

Abstract: Food industry is growing fast in this era, still this is lagging behind in adopting new technology than in other industries. Food industry is dependent upon manual handling, in a wide range of activities. That is largely because of the features of the food products are variable: such as vegetables, fruits, meat, seafood etc. these food products can be divided into very good, good or bad categories on individual unit basis. To handle all these things automatically high level of automation is required because food products can vary in size, shape, fragrance, color etc. Considering the diversity of the food industry, it is almost impossible to obtain a generic automation solution. Electronics play very important role for automation in food industry. Automated systems in food production come in different..........

Keywords: Electronics, e-tounge, e-nose, biosensors.

[1] B Singh, P Handa, P Kamboj (2015) Role of Biosensors and Image Processing for Improving Quality Inspection of Food Products: A Review, Current Trends in Signal Processing,5 (1), 21-25.
[2] Karube I, Wilson GS. Biosensors Fundamentals and Applications. Turner, A.P.F, Oxford University Press, Oxford; 1987.
[3] Li QZ, Wang MH. Development and prospect of real time fruit grading technique based on computer vision. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. 1999; 30(6): 1–7p.
[4] Fitzpatrick J, Fanning L, Hearty S, et al. Applications and recent developments in the use of antibodies for analysis. Anal Lett. 2000; 33(13): 263–2609p.
[5] Prajapati Bhavesh B, Patel Sachin. Algorithmic approach to quality analysis of Indian basmati rice using digital image processing. Inter. J. of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engg. 2013; 3(3): 503–04p

Abstract: Dynamic spectrum access(DSA) technologies including (CR) technologies are in the development for next generation of public safety networks . These technologies holds the ' CONRUS' which helps for flexible and adaptive radio system .In this paper we represent review on (CONRUS) which helps to reach the goal for license spectrum band under (FCC) frequency by using (CR) technology.

Keywords: CONRUS, FCC, CR technology, DSA technology

[1]. RW Brodersen,A woliz,D Cabric ,SM mishra ,D wilkomm Berkely Wireless Research centre (BWRC) white paper (18)
[2]. Amir Ghasemi ,Communication research centre (Canada and University of Tornoto Elviro S. Souse- IEEE Communications Magazine • April 2008
[3]. Ramon Ferru´s, Oriol Sallent,Gianmarco Baldini, and Leonardo Gorat (IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE)
[4]. Tevfik Y ¨ucek and H¨useyin Arslan IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, VOL. 11, NO. 1, FIRST QUARTER 2009
[5]. William Lehr ,Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Nancy Jesuale ,NetCity Portland, Oregon, USA - Accepted for publication in IEEE Proceedings of the Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN2008) Conference, Chicago, October 14-17, 2008.

Abstract:With The Prevalence Of Smart Phones, Sharing Photos Has Become Popular. Since Cameras Generally Have A Limited field Of View, Panoramic Shooting Mode Is Provided, Where The User Can Capture Images Under Guidance To Generate A Panorama. Panorama Fused Image Will Be Help The User To View The Wide Angle Image. But Still Panorama Images Are Not Homogenous And It Affects Viewing Experience. If Panorama Images Can Be Brought Homogenous, It Reconstructed Image Is Of Good Clarity. In This Project We Solve The Problem Of Getting Good Quality Panorama Even In Presence Of Occlusions.

Keywords: Image Stitching, Multi-View Panorama, Image Alignment, Wide-Baseline Images

[1] R. Szeliski And H.-Y. Shum, "Creating Full View Panoramic Image Mosaics And Environment Maps," In Proc. Siggraph, 1997, Pp. 251–258.
[2] R. Szeliski, "Image Alignment And Stitching: A Tutorial," Found. Trends Comput. Graph. Vis., Vol. 2, No. 1, Pp. 1–104, 2006

[3] M. Brown And D. G. Lowe, "Automatic Panoramic Image Stitching Using Invariant Features," Int. J. Comput. Vis., Vol. 74, No. 1,
Pp. 59–73, Aug. 2007.
[4] A. Agarwala, M. Agrawala, M. Cohen, D. Salesin, And R. Szeliski, "Photographing Long Scenes With Multi-Viewpoint
Panoramas," Acm Ntrans. Graph., Vol. 25, No. 3, Pp. 853–861, 2006.
[5] J. Gao, S. J. Kim, And M. S. Brown, "Constructing Image Panoramas Using Dual-Homography Warping," In Proc. Ieee Conf.
Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., Jun. 2011, Pp. 49–56.

Abstract: Across the world, Vehicle accidents are quite common on roads. It's just that they vary in numbers from place to place. Those who are involved in an accident might get into an argument and/or seek in-court settlements. There are many accidents that are left unjustified. Car Black Box has been proven indispensable in improving car safety, reliability. We are designing the flight data recorder for car accident mishap information in real time. This project brings in the scientific methodology and logs in the vehicle dynamics data in the black box. It is a system that continuously records all the parameters of cars working conditions and its environment and transfers the information into an SD card. The data also includes violations noticed by the signal pole. Apart from logging the data, this project also notifies Police about the vehicle information and a video recording containing the time of accident..........

Keywords: Iota, MQTT, Publisher, Subscriber, Dispatch

[1]. G. Hayes, F. Blosser, "Motor Vehicle Crashes Claim More than a Million Lives Worldwide", CDC Injury Center Media Relations, Press Release, April, 2004.
[2]. Thomas K. Kowalick, "Black Boxes: Event Data Recorders", MICAH, summer 2005.
[3]. Thomas K. Kowalick, "Black Boxes: Event Data Recorder Rulemaking for Automobiles", MICAH, summer 2006.
[4]. Thomas K. Kowalick, "Fatal Exit: The Automotive Black Box Debate", Wiley, IEEE Press, Feb. 2005.
[5]. J. Lawrence and T. Newbery, "Crash Data Recorders in Motor Vehicles", Maclnnis Engineering, Associates, 2003.

Abstract: This paper optimizes the FWGN-based Suzukifading stochastic model for the frequency-nonselective land mobile radio channel as this composite Rayleigh-Lognormal distribution represents the worst-case fading. In a previous work, the Young&Beaulieu simulator was identified to be a better Rayleigh channel model. The lognormal fading generator is then optimized through the study of various digital filters allowing the choice of the best compromise considering the environment, required fading statistics and shadowing severity level. Both Finite and Infinite Impulse Response filters are evaluated. Filters discrimination criteria are the magnitude and phase responses, the minimum required order and thus hardware implementation cost, the shadowing outage probability and autocorrelation, as well as the statistical divergence between the simulated and theoretical shadowing distributions in LTE environments. The Bhattacharyya distance is therefore computed using a Monte Carlo method. The proposed Suzuki fading simulator, its output signal and various order statistics are finally presented..

Keywords: Rayleigh fading, shadowing, lognormal fading, Suzukifading,channel modelling, FWGN, IIR filter, FIR filter, statistical distance, autocorrelation, outage probability, LTE

[1] Vidhi Sharma, Dinesh Kumar Dhaka. "Review Paper on Second Order Statistics of Various Fading Channels‖. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014
[2] Matthias Pätzold. ―Mobile fading channels.‖ Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2012. Chap. 6
[3] Suzuki, H. "A Statistical Model for Urban Radio Propogation," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 25, Issue 7, July 1977, pp. 673 - 680.
[4] Fernando P. Fontan, Perfecto MariñoEspiñeira. ―Modelling the Wireless Propagation Channel. A simulation approach with Matlab‖. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Sept. 2008

[5] N.M.A.E.D. Wirastuti, N.P. Sastra. ―Application of the Suzuki distribution to Simulation of Shadowing Effects in Mobile Communication‖ 4th International Conference Information & Communication Technology and System ICTS 2008. PP 535-541

Abstract: Cooperative Diversity (CD) is a method in which different radio terminals deliver to each other for developing the total network channel capacity. We propose a high speed data transmission using efficient queuing system in wireless diversity networks. It provides the simultaneous data transmission of data for multiple users and increases the amount of data packets. To develop the robustness in ad hoc networks, the CD-MAC algorithm is introduced in the physical layer. The MIMO technique sends and receives the same data signal simultaneously on a single radio channel. OFDM is a frequency-division multiplexing scheme used to reduce the interference. The ALOHA in cooperative diversity has the drawback of low throughput under heavy load conditions and collision. It sends the messages any time they want.Introduction of Slotted ALOHA Buffer CD it is expected to add some............

Keywords: Cooperative diversity, Channel capacity, Throughput, Outage probability

[1] Tourki et al (2010) "Blind cooperative diversity using distributed space-time coding in block fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 58.8 (2010): 2447-2456.
[2] Nahari A., Azzam Y., FA Abd El-Samie, and Moawad I. Dessouky. "Cooperative diversity schemes for uplink single-carrier FDMA systems." Digital Signal Processing 21.2 (2011): 320-331.
[3] Cui, H., et al (2013). Performance analysis of ARQ cooperative diversity system with multiple two-hop relays over Rayleigh fading channels. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 39(5), pp.1399-1408.
[4] Ju, ET AL (2010) "Opportunistic source/destination cooperation in cooperative diversity networks." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9.12 (2010): 3822-3837.
[5] Krikidis ET AL (2012) "Buffer-aided relay selection for cooperative diversity systems duality systems without delay."IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 11.5 (2012): 1957-1967

Abstract: In today's world network security is a paramount because of presence of hackers, viruses and electronic frauds. A cryptographic system is necessary to keep the data secure. Cryptography is a technique in which information is hidden in such a way that only certain users can access it. It has some algorithms, keys for security and facility for key management. There are several algorithms which will vary depending on the size, security and time required to encrypt and decrypt data. This project focuses on image encryption and decryption using SCAN patterns as well as extended tiny encryption algorithm. Here using SCAN patterns image pixels are rearranged. Then rearranged image is encrypted and decrypted using Extended Tiny Encryption algorithm

Keywords: Cryptography, Decryption, Encipher, Encryption, SCAN.

[1] SandipanBasu"International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) - a typical illustration" Journal of Global Research in Computer Science Volume 2, No. 7, July 2011.
[2] ShwetaGaba, ItiAggarwal, Dr. SujataPandey "Design of efficient XTEA using verilog" International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012 .
[3] Chao-Shen Chen, and Rong-Jian Chen "Image Encryption and Decryption Using SCAN Methodology" Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT'06) 0-7695-2736-1/06 IEEE 2006.
[4] Saisubha v, Priyanka u, Remya k r &Reenu r "Image encryption using scan pattern" International Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Volume- 1, Issue- 1.

[5] M.NatheeraBanu "FPGA Based Hardware Implementation of Encryption Algorithm" International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2014.

Abstract: Use of radiology medical devices in hospitals pose a risk to the patients and medical practitioners. The device risks may be as a result of technical, operational, logistical or maintenance reasons. It for this reason, risk management practices should be employed in healthcare systems to ensure that risks hazards inherent in medical devices and those that come up as a result of interaction do not become a source of additional suffering to patients. Some of the reported unavailability of medical devices are attributed to non-adherence to risk management measures and failure to identify risks on time. Application of Healthcare Failure Mode Effect Analysis (HFMEA) technique in risk assessment of radiology processes is important...........

Keywords: HFMEA, risk assessment, Healthcare risks.

[1]. AAMI. (2015). Risk Principles and Medical Devices: A Postmarket Perspective. Arlington: AAMI.
[2]. Cohrssen, J. J., & Covello, V. T. (1989). Risk analysis: A guide to principles and methods for analazying health and environmental risks. Washington DC: Springfield, VA.
[3]. Duc Dang Vu, Tom Trappeniers. (2010). Technical Risk Analysis in Healthcare Context. K. U. Leuven.
[4]. Dumbrique, R. (2010). Implementation of Risk Management in the Medical Device Industry. Master's Theses. Paper 3855.
[5]. Dyro, J. F. (2004). Clinical engineering handbook

Abstract: A nerve that arises from the second, third and fourth lumbar nerves and supplies the muscles and skin of the anterior region of the thigh is known as femoral nerve. It is the main nerve that extends to the knee muscles. The damage of this nerves affects the walking ability of a human. This paper proposes a real-time image are collected from the public database. As the collected images are more prone to noise, they are preprocessed. The preprocessed images are next segmented by Active Contour Method. From the segmented images, shape and texture features such as area, eccentricity solidity, perimeter, major axis length, contrast, correlation. Energy and homogeneity are extracted. Feature extraction helps to select the relevant attributes for classifying and detecting the affected areas. The images are classified as malignant or benign using Random Forest Classifier. Performance indices such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were computed.

Keywords: Active Contour Method, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Random Forest Classifier.

[1]. A.R. Abdel-Dayem and M.R. El-Sakka, ―Fuzzy C-means clustering for segmenting carotid artery ultrasound images,‖ Image Anal. Recognit., pp. 935–948, 2007.

[2]. P. Abolmaesumi, M. Sirouspour, and S. Salcudean, ―Real-time extraction of carotid artery contours from ultrasound images,‖ in Proc. 13th IEEE Symp. Comput. -Based Med. Syst., 2000, pp. 2–7.

[3]. P. Abolmaesumi and M. R. Sirouspour, ―An interacting multiple model probabilistic data association filter for cavity boundary extraction from ultrasound images,‖ IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 23, no.6, pp. 772–784, Jun. 2004.

[4]. W.S. Beattie, N.H. Badner, and P. Choi, ―Epidural analgesia reduces post-operative myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis,‖ Anaesthesia Analgesia, vol. 93, pp. 853–858, 2001.

[5]. V.W. Chan et al., ―A comparative study of general anesthesia, intravenous regional anesthesia, and axillary block for outpatient hand surgery: Clinical outcome and cost analysis,‖ Anesthesia Analgesia, vol. 93, pp. 1181–1184, 2001.

Abstract: A Network-on-chip (NoC) is a new technique in complex system-on-chip (SoC) designs which helps to facilitate efficient on chip communication among networks. It permits decoupling of communication, computation and also permits scalable communication. Information is transmitted in the form of packets through networks. Routers help to route the data. So efficiency of router required to be more with higher throughput and lower latency. The proposed methodology incudes design, analyze and implementation of router architecture for NoC communication. Routers consists of five ports in which four are connected in different directions to other ports and processing element is connected to fifth with the help of network interface..............

[1] Shubha B C, Srinkanta P, "FPGA Implementation of Network on Chip Framework using HDL", Students' Technology Symposium(TechSym), IEEE PP. 151-155, April 2010.
[2] Swapna S, AyasKanta Swain, Kamala KantaMahapatra,"Design And Analysis of Five Port Router For Network On Chip", Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics(PrimeAsia)20 12.
[3] HaythmElrniligi, Ahmed A. Morgan, M. Watheq EI-Kharashi, and Fayez Gebali "Performance Analysis of Networks-on-Chip Routers", Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6 Mentor Graphics Egypt, Cairo I 134I, Egypt, IEEE-2007
[4] MajdiElhajji, BrahimAttia, AbdelkrimZitouni, RachedTourki,Jean-lucDekeyser, "FERONOC:Flexible and Extensible Router Implementation For Diagonal Mesh Topology" Author manuscript, published in Conference on Design and Architecture for Signal and Image Processing(20 II).
[5] M.S.Suraj, D.Muralidharan, K. Seshu Kumar, "A HDL Based Reduced Area NoC Router Architecture"978-1-4673-5301-4/\3/$31.00 © 20\3 IEEE.