iosr-JECE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2019

Abstract: Neurological disorders affect the human locomotion system. The effect of neurological disorders can be decrease significantly by an efficient rehabilitation. Recently, gait analysis has become a crucial assessment tool in clinical rehabilitation process. Gait analysis is a prominent method for: diagnosis between disease entities, assessment of the severity or nature of a disease or injury, monitoring of the progress in the presence or absence of intervention, and prediction of the outcome of treatments. Gait analysis involves the measurements of dynamic gait kinematics, kinetics, and EMG. Therefore, there is a need for an automated gait assessment tool to manipulate the massive kinematic, kinetic, and EMG gait data in 3D, and hence, providing an objective and quantitative assessment of gait disorders. This algorithmic tool may be helpful to doctors and clinicians in the diagnosis of pathological gait impairments, prescribe treatment, and assess the improvements in response to therapeutic intervention.

Index Terms - Granule, Fuzzy Inference System, Human Locomotion, Fuzzy Assessment Model.

[1]. World Health Organization, 2001, International classification of functioning, disability and health, Geneva.
[2]. World Health Organization, 2006, Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges.
[3]. Stucki G., Ewert T., and Cieza A., 2002,Value and application of the ICF in rehabilitation medicine, Disability and Rehabilitation 24, 932–938.
[4]. Simon S. R., Dec. 2004, Quantification of human motion: gait analysis--benefits and limitations to its application to clinical problems, Journal of Biomechanics 37(12), 1869-1880.
[5]. Baker R., 2006, Gait analysis methods in rehabilitation, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 3(4)..

Abstract: In this paper presenting coding required to understand the partition concept of Hard disk by linux device Driver.

[1]. A. Rubini, Linux Device Drivers, O'Reilly &Associates,Sebastopol, Calif., 1998
[2]. T. Burke, M.A. Parenti, A. Wojtas. Writing Device Drivers: Tutorial and Reference, Digital Press, Boston,1995.
[3]. Linux Operating System Documentation,http://www.sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux
[4]. Robert Love, Linux Kernel Development, Second Edition, 2005
[5]. A. Rubini, ―Dynamic Kernels: Modularize Device Drivers,‖ Linux J.,Issue 23, Mar. 1996,

Abstract: This paper presents a comparison between some methods for evaluation the reliability of a multi-state communication flow networks systems. A system is considered reliable only if successfully transmits at least the required system capacity from the transmitter to the receiver station. A main method used is the Brute Force Solution Exhaustive (BFSE) which gives the reliability at several required cases (By using Matlab code), the second method used all successful states are obtained from the knowledge of the max-flow min-cuts of the system graph. Examples are solved to demonstrate the applicability of proposed methods. It shows the matching results and full data.

Index Terms - Brute Force Solution Exhaustive (BFSE), Multi-State System (MSS), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Reliability analysis, Sink Node.

[1]. Lee, S. H. (1980). Reliability evaluation of a flow network. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 29(1), 24-26.

[2]. Misra, K. B., & Prasad, P. (1982). Comment on" Reliability Evaluation of a Flow Network. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 31(2), 174-176.

[3]. Sharma, U., Panigrahi, S. C., & Misra, R. B. (1990). Reliability evaluation of a communication system considering a multistate model. Microelectronics Reliability, 30(4), 701-704.

[4]. Patra, S., & Misra, R. B. (1993). Reliability evaluation of flow networks considering multistate modelling of network elements. Microelectronics Reliability, 33(14), 2161-2164.

[5]. Rushdi, A. M. A., & Al-Amoudi, M. A. Recursively-Defined Combinatorial Functions: The Case of Binomial and Multinomial Coefficients and Probabilities.

Abstract: Digital images are corrupted by various types of noises. In this paper a methodology is proposed to eliminate salt and pepper noise from digital grayscale images using adaptive median filter and principal component analysis(PCA).The proposed methodology shows better results for peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) and mean square error(MSE) in differentiation to existing techniques. The proposed filter works efficiently on high noise density (80% and 90%). The adaptive median filter removes the noise from image and principal component analysis algorithm is further applied to obtain sharp edges and boundaries.

Index Terms - Digital images, denoising, median filter, principal component analysis, PSNR, MSE.

[1]. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods - Digital Image Processing, third edition, Pearson Education, ISBN: 81-7808-629-8.
[2]. E.Jebamalar Leavline and D.Asir Antony Gnana Singh, "Salt and Pepper Noise Detection and Removal in Gray Scale Images: An Experimental Analysis" , International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, vol.6, No.5, pp.343-352, 2013.
[3]. Haidi Ibrahim, Nicholas Sia Pik Kon, "Simple Adaptive Median Filter for the Removal of Impulse Noise from Highly Corrupted Images '' IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 4, NOVEMBER 2008.
[4]. Pei-Eng Ng and Kai-Kuang Ma, "A Switching Median Filter With Boundary Discriminative Noise Detection for Extremely Corrupted Images'', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, Vol. 15, No. 6, June 2006.
[5]. Martin Storath, Andreas Weinmann, "Fast median filtering for phase or orientation data'', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2017..

Abstract: With murder, rape, terrorism on the increase favoured bydeclining density of population, insecurity of individuals is on the rise and happened without aid, resistance, security interference; this exhibits absolute insecurity of global individuals, requiring urgently a security program which can alarm the security forces to offer efficient rescue services by touch(1) the victim can inform his/her (a) close relatives, (b) their appropriate public security officers close to their residence and (c) one emergency line by danger signal of her location, by incorporated Global Positioning............

[1]. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay- The 8051 microcontrollers- The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using assembly and c, second edition, PEARSON education, pp 19-23, 75-80, 153-178
[2]. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay- Timer programming in assembly and c- The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using assembly and c, second edition, PEARSON education , pp 201-222
[3]. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay- Serial Port Programming in assembly and c- The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using assembly and c, second edition, PEARSON education, pp237-261
[4]. Prof.BasavarajChougula, ArchanaNaik, Monika Monu, PriyaPatil and Priyanka Das- ―Smart girls security system‖- International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2014, pp 281-284
[5]. PoonamBhilare, AkshayMohite, DhanashriKamble, SwapnilMakode and RasikaKahane- Women Employee Security System using GPS And GSM Based Vehicle Tracking- International journal for research in emerging science and technology, volume-2, issue-1, january-2015, pp 65-71..

Abstract: Today manipulation of digital images has become easy due to availability powerful image editing tools like Adobe Photoshop etc. Detection of a forged image is driven by the need of authenticity and to maintain integrity of the image. The most common type of digital image forgery is known as copy-move forgery wherein a part of image is cut/copied and pasted in another area of the same image. This paper proposed a new image tampering detection method based on Speed-up robust features and Support vector machine (SVM) to detect copy-move forgery in image...........

[1]. Christian Riess and Tiago Jose de arvalho,"Exposing Digital Image Forgeries by Illumination Color Classification", IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics And Security, vol. 8,2013.
[2]. Haodong Li, Weiqi Luo, Xiaoqing Qiu,and Jiwu Huang, "Image Forgery Localization via Integrating Tampering Possibility Maps", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 12, pp. 1240-1251, May 2017.
[3]. Musaed Alhussein, "Image Tampering Detection Based on Local Texture Descriptor and Extreme Learning Machine", UK Sim-AMSS 18th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation, IEEE, pp. 196-199, April2016.
[4]. Tamana Sharma, Mandeep Kaur, "Forgery Detection of Spliced Images Using Machine Learning Classifiers and Colour Illumination",International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.5, Issue 6, 2016.
[5]. Boser, B.E., Guyon, I.M., and Vapnik,V.N., "A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers", 5th Annual ACM Workshop on COLT, pp.144–152, Pittsburgh, PA. 1992..

Abstract: Conducting Polymers and their nanocomposites have been known for a while and are used in diverse range of applications. This study involves the synthesis of Silica, PANI, Oxalic Acid nanocomposites conducting with n-type doping. Oxalic acid is used in chemical doping to enhance the conductivity of synthesized by oxidative polymerization method. These nanocomposites are characterized using various techniques such as FTIR and SEM analysis.

Keywords: Polyaniline (PANI), Conducting Polymers (CPs), Silica nanocomposites, Oxalic acid.

[1]. Jaspreet Singh, Anupreet Kaur, Deepak Saini, June2016, "A Review on Analysis and Testing of Conducting Polymer and Nanocomposites on the basis of their Conducting Properties", International Journal of Engineering Sciences, issn: 2229-6913, pages: 101-107.
[2]. Priyanka D, K.S. Venkatesh, Dec2015,"Synthesis & characterization and electrical properties of Polyaniline doped with different acids", International journal of engineering research and applications, vol 5, issn: 2248-9622, issue 12, pp 53-61, part 3.
[3]. Sanjeev kumar, Deepak Saini,Dec2012, Electrochemical Deposition and Characterization of Cu–Ni Multilayer Nanowires science of advanced materials 4(12):1254-1257, doi: 10.1166/sam.2012.1420. 3333
[4]. Kiran Kumar, Vazidali, Anandkumar, M Zulfequar,Oct2011, "D.C. conductivity and spectroscopic studies of Polyaniline doped with binary dopant ZrOCl2/AgI", Indian academy of sciences, Journal of bulletin Material Science,vol 34, no6, pp 1237-1243.
[5]. MiroslavaTrchova, Ivana Sedenkova, Eva Tobolkova,, Jaroslav Stejskal2feb,2004, "FTIR spectroscopic and conductivity study of the thermal degradation of Polyaniline films, Journal of Polymer degradation and stability, 86 (2004) 179-185...

Abstract: Electromyography signal is most important signal for analysis of any muscle and can be used for biomedical applications. The techniques of EMG signal analysis such as Surface Electromyography Signal Processing, Wavelet transforms, Independent Component Analysis (ICA)is discussed in this paper in depth. This paper provides researchers a goodunderstanding of EMG signal and its analysis procedures. This knowledge will help to develop more flexibleand efficient applications.

Keywords: EMG, wavelet transform, ICA, SEMG.

[1]. A. N. Norali, M.H. Mat Som ,‖ Surface Electromyography Signal Processing and Application: A Review‖ , Proceedings of the International Conference on Man-Machine Systems (ICoMMS), October 2009, BatuFerringhi, Penang, MALAYSIA.
[2]. B. Gerdle, S. Karlsson, S. Day, and M. Djupsjöbacka, ―Acquisition, Processing and Analysis of the Surface Electromyogram,‖ in Modern Techniques in Neuroscience, U. Windhorst and H. Johansson, Eds. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1999, pp. 705-755
[3]. J. Pauk, ―Different techniques for EMG signal processing‖, Journal of Vibroengineering10(4):571-576, December 2008
[4]. Sundaraj, K., ―Cheap In-House Setup for EMG Acquisition,‖ IFMBE Proceedings BIOMED, pp. 146-148, 2008.
[5]. V. Gupta, N.P. Reddy, and E.P. Canilang, ―Surface EMG Measurements at the Throat during Dry and Wet Swallowing,‖ Dysphagia, vol. 11, pp. 173-179, 1996...

Abstract: In the wireless communication system, there exists a problem of fading signals, due to which sometimes very weak signal will be received on another side resulting in errors in received bits. Bit error rate (BER) should be improved for getting good quality of a signal. One of the ways to improve BER is Beam Forming technique. In this paper, we have attempted to provide a clear image of improving Bit error rate of 4*4 MIMO system by various beamforming techniques. Firstly improved BER by adding 2 transmit and 4 receive antenna and secondly improve BER by using various beamforming techniques. The results show that variations in bit error rate based on various beamforming techniques using MATLAB codes.

Keywords: MIMO, OFDM, BER, STBC, Beam Forming

[1]. P.Samundiswary, Ravi Ranjan Prasad "Performance Analysis of MIMO- Mobile WiMAX System using Space Time Block Codes
under Different Channels" International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075,
Volume-2, Issue-2, January 2013
[2]. Mitalee Agrawal Yudhishthir Raut "BER Analysis of MIMO OFDM System for AWGN & Rayleigh Fading Channel" Volume 34–
No.9, November 2011
[3]. Vishal Sharma and Gurpreet Singh "BER Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using Various Modulation Schemes" 1,2Department
of Electronics & Comm. Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Ferozepur, India
[4]. Owk. Srinivasulu & Dr. P. Rajesh Kumar "BER Performance Analysis of MIMO-Wimax Wireless Communication System for the
Transportation of Multimedia Data" Year 2018
[5]. Vinayak Hosamani "Performance Analysis of Mobile WiMAX System using forward Error Correction and Space Time Coding
Techniques" International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 6, June - 2014.

Abstract: This paper presents the capacity performance by various beamforming techniques for wireless communication systems. Multiple antennas structures can be classified into single input single output (SISO), single-input multiple-outputs (SIMO), multiple-inputs single output (MISO), and multiple-inputs multiple-outputs (MIMO) systems. Result shows that enhancing of MIMO's channel capacity for different beamforming techniques.

Keywords: MIMO Channels; MIMO Systems; Capacity; SISO; SIMO; MISO; SNR

[1]. Vikram Singh#1, Amita Soni#2 (2013)"Capacity enhancement of MIMO systemunder different fading channels" International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2013 1952 ISSN 2229-5518

[2]. Prasad Rayi1, Sarat Chandra Ch2 "Performance Evaluation of Channel Capacity In MIMO System" IJERA Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp.1871-1878.

[3]. E. Ghayoula, A. Bouallegue, R. Ghayoula, and J-Y.Chouinard (2014) "Capacity and Performance of MIMO systems for Wireless Communications" Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 7 (3) (2014) 108 – 111.

[4]. Rajesh Bansode, Prajakta Sarode, B. K. Mishra, "Design, Simulation and Performance Evaluation of 4 x 4 MIMO Transceiver System using 16 QAM" International Conference & workshop on Advanced Computing 2013 (ICWAC 2013)

[5]. Hussain Bohra, Mahesh Kumar Porwal(2014) " Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios" Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4..