iosr-JECE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2020

Abstract: Automation has come up with solutions towards; Higher productivity,Superior quality of end product,Efficient usage of energy and raw materials and Improved safety in working conditions etc. Programmable Logic Controllers are important element, who are playing major role in it in automation of process Industries. For anolog signals it has provided economic solutions. Here we have given short description on utility of function blocks FC 105 and 106 in controling temperature in various zones of Extruder. This function of PLC is useful for other analog signals also i.e. Pressure, Flow, conductivity ,density, sound etc.. Some of the objective which are of directly use of an Industrial Automation Electronic Engineer to serve Industries in order to boost up productivity are as follows;

Keywords:PLC, Hardware, RTD, Thermocouple, Digital Analog.

[1]. Programming Manual: System Software for S7-300 and S7-400 Program Design.
[2]. Reference Manual: System Software for 57-300 and S7-400 System and Standard Functions.
[3]. Configuring Process Diagnostics for LAD, STL, and FB
[4]. Book on PLC Fundamentals.
[5]. Siemens S7 PLC manual Siemens Germany.

Abstract: The scheme that gives the information about the different modulation techniques to specify the benefits of filter bank multi-carrier, single- carrier frequency division multiple access and offset quadrature amplitude modulation. The technique which is better then conventional FBMC system, comprises of precoding technique is a combination of Pruned Discrete Fourier Transform with one-tap scaling is developed. Cyclic Prefix is not required for this technique and Out-of –Band emission is lower. This technique restores complex orthogonality, the time-period from one block to another is latency, it allows low latency transmissions and provides low Peak to Average Power Ratio. The reliability increases in doubly-selective channels; its applications comprises of uplink transmission in wireless communication. Background: The Pruning is the method used to filter the unwanted signals, and leads to the collection of desired signals. The modified.....

Key Word: FBMC, OQAM-CDMA, CP- OFDM,SC-FDMA

[1]. Ronald Nissel, Markus Rupp, "Pruned DFT-Spread FBMC: Low PAPR, Low Latency, High Spectral Efficiency", IEEE Transactions on communication, Vol 66, October 2018
[2]. R.Nissel, S.Schwarz, and M.Rupp, "Filter bank multicarrier modulation schemes for future mobile communications," IEEE Transaction on communication, Aug 2017
[3]. D.Katselis, E.Kofidis and S.Theodoridis, "Preamble based channel estimation for CP-OFDM and OFDM/OQAM Systems: A comparative Study," IEEE Transactions on Signal processing vol58, May 2013
[4]. R.Zakarika and D.Le Ruyet, "A noval filter-bank multicarrier scheme to mitigate the intrinsic interference: Application to MIMO Systems ," IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communication" vol 11, March 2012
[5]. R.Nissel, S.Schwarz, and M.Rupp, "Filter bank multicarrier modulation schemes for future mobile communications," IEEE Transaction on communication, Aug 2017

Abstract: Home security using embedded systems which involves the detection of a movement or a motion which has always been very important in many of the researches. In the research work the process of interfacing a PIR sensor with a micro controller along with the Arduinocan be learned. The research work will interface an arduino with PIR module, blink a LED and beep a buzzer whenever a movement is detected. The following components will be needed mainlysuch as PIR sensor, buzzer, LED will be needed to build the research work. The embedded system is used for safety, performance; software is used for flexibility and capabilities.

Keywords: Embedded systems, motion, movement, security, Passive Infrared sensor

[1]. ShopanDey,Ayon Roy and SandipDas, Home Automation Using Internet of Thing , IRJET, 2(3)(2016),1965-1970.
[2]. K. Venkatesan and Dr. U. Ramachandraiah, Networked Switching and PolymorphingControl of Electrical Loads with Web and Wireless Sensor Network, 2015 International Conference on Robotics, Automation, Control and Embedded Systems (RACE), Chennai, (2015),1-9.
[3]. VishwatejaMudiam Reddy, NareshVinay, TapanPokharna and Shashank Shiva Kumar Jha, Internet of things Enabled Smart Switch, Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), Hyderabad,(2016),1-4
[4]. Warsuzarina Mat Jubadi and NormaziahZulkifli, Programmable Infrared Accessory Light Switch, International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, Kuala Lumpur,(2007),1130-1134.
[5]. Shih-Pang Tseng, Bo-Rong Li, Jun-Long Pan, and Chia-Ju Lin, An Application of Internet of things with Motion Sensing on Smart House, InternationalConferenceonOrangeTechnologies,Xian,(2014),65-68

Abstract: In this article a substrate integrated waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide antennas is first designed and simulated. The structure is designed and simulated using the HFSS electromagnetic solver. The different parameters of the waveguide, such as propagation constant and the different parameters of antennas such as return loss, radiation pattern of antenna is investigated and discussed. Two types of SIW antennas one SIW slotted and another is SIW leaky wave antenna is designed. The designed structure is simulated from the frequency range of 2 GHz to 10 GHz

Key Words: SIW, Leaky, Slotted

[1]. Chen, P., et al., "A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Circular Polarized Slot Radiator and Its Linear Array," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Lett., Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009, pp.120–123.
[2]. Stephens, D., P. R. Young, and I. D. Robertson, "W-band substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna," Electron. Lett., Vol. 41, No. 4, 2005, pp. 165–167.
[3]. Yan, L., et al. "Simulation and Experiment on SIW Slot Array Antennas," IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 9, 2004, pp. 446–448.
[4]. Feng Xu and Ke Wu, "Guided-Wave and Leakage Characteristics of Substrate Integrated Waveguide" IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 1, January 2005.
[5]. Deslandes, D., and K. Wu, "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna: Concept and Design Considerations," Proc. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2005, Suzhou, China, December 4–7, 2005, pp. 346–349.

Abstract: The paper aims at maximizing Broadband Penetration in Nigeria. The bottom up approach adopted in this research was focused on the Bandwidth Implications of Submarine Cable to Broadband Development in Nigeria. The study tried to pinpoint some underlying fundamental issues limiting the development of Fibre Broadband in Nigeria. The various sources of undersea cables and there various capacities were well evaluated as well as the socio economic importance of broadband and its numerous applications. Other sources of broadband were also highlighted, with strategies on how to increase broadband penetration in Nigeria. The economic implication of bandwidth and its relationship.....

Keywords: Backbone, Penetration, Undersea Cable, Broadband, Bandwidth

[1]. Alexandra C. (2013). Why undersea internet cables are more vulnerable than you think[online] Available at https://www.wired.com/2013/04/how-vulnerable-are-undersea-internet-cables/ [Accessed 22 Feb.2018]
[2]. Ariyo A. O., Seluwa O.E. &Olaojoyetan M.C. (2014). Fibre broadband development in Nigeria: a catalyst to economic growth and social development, Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ISSN: 2315-5124) Vol. 3(5) pp. 083-099, July, 2014
[3]. Ariyo A. O. &Olaojoyetan M.C. (2013). The poor state of broadband in Nigeria: an impediment to national development and globalisation. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.
[4]. Commonwealth Telecommunications Organization (2012) The socio-economic impact of broadband in sub- Saharan Africa: the satellite advantage[online] Available at http://www.cto.int/media/research/projects/Socio-Economic_Impact_of_Broadband_The_Satellite_Advantage.pdf[Accessed 26 Feb.2018]
[5]. EMPEA (2014),Case study: main one cable company (Africa) Emerging Markets Private Equity Association [online] Available at https://www.empea.org/app/uploads/2017/03/EMPEA_Case_Study_Main_One.pdf[Accessed 26 Feb.2018]

Abstract: This article describes a compact, low profile, modified circular-shaped Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna with dual-band operation for wireless communications. The antenna demonstrates the operation for dual-band and can be used to cover 2.4-2.48 GHz (Bluetooth) and 3.1-10.6 GHz (UWB) frequency bands. The antenna contains a modified monopole circular patch with a partial ground plane to cover the whole UWB band. The circular arc slot is embedded within the center portion of the modified circular radiating patch to resonate over the Bluetooth band. The antenna is created and modified on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The antenna is feed by a 50 Ω microstrip line withthe overall surface area of 45×35 mm2. The electromagnetic.....

Key Words: UWB; Bluetooth band; dual-band; VSWR

[1]. FCC, Ultra-Wideband Operation FCC Report and Order, Tech.Rep US47 CFR Part 15, 2002.
[2]. Daniel Valderas , Juan Ignacio Sancho, David Puente, Cong ling and Xiodong Chen "Ultrawideband Antennas", London.
[3]. Mubarak Sani Ellis, Zhiqin Zhao, Jiangniu Wu, Zaiping Nie, Qing Huo Liu,"Small planar monopole ultra-wideband antenna with reduced ground plane effect", IET Microw. Antennas Propag.,2015;9(10): 1028–1034.
[4]. Batra, "Multiband OFDM physical layer proposal for IEEE 802.15 task group 3a," IEEE Document 802.15-04-0493r1, 2003.
[5]. Bahadir S. Yildirim, Bedri A. Cetiner,"Integrated Bluetooth and UWB Antenna", IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letters, 2009;9:149-152.

Abstract: In India, it was found that ginning factories do not operate efficiently with regard to the labour force employed and the amount of capital invested. In order to make a more concrete evaluation of the cotton ginning sector, it is necessary to determine the structural characteristics of the factories, costs and profitability, the level of technical efficiency, and the most important, potential for improvement in the industry. Irregular feeding of Seed Cotton to ginning machine decreases the production rate of seed and fibre. It also affects the quality of the fibre and seed. To overcome these difficulties feeding mechanism is developed. The primary function of feeding mechanism is to feed seed cotton uniformly to the ginning machine at controllable rates. Feed rollers, located at the bottom of the feeder, directly......

[1]. J. Sales, J. V. Marti, R. Marin, E. Cervera, and P. J. Sanz, CompaRob: The shopping cart assistance robot,Int. J. Distributed Sensors Networks, vol. 2016, Article ID 4781280, 15 pages, 2016.
[2]. P. Chandrasekar and T. Sangeetha, Smart shopping cart with automatic billing system through RFID and Zigbee, Int. Conf. Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), pp. 1-4, India, Feb. 2014.
[3]. R. Kumar, K. Gopalakrishna, and K. Ramesha, Intelligent shopping cart, Int. J. Engineering Science and Innovative Technology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 499-507, 2013.
[4]. Decisions Behind the Design of Queued Message Handler Template, http://www.ni.com/webcast/3640/en/, Nov. 2014.
[5]. J. Suryaprasad et al., A novel low-cost intelligent shopping

Abstract: A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus or office building. WLAN technology is one of the main contents of a computer network and telecommunications engineering course. For many sub-Saharan African countries, it is very scarce to find telecommunication lecturers with a PhD grade and this has an impact on quality of the training provided to students in telecommunications fields. Another problem is the lack of means to buy and install telecommunication equipment for laboratory experimentations where students can learn and improve their skills during their training program in a university. To overcome this problem, a possible solution could be the design of simulations and tests using simulation.....

Key Word: WLAN, simulation, e-laboratory, eNSP, Access Controller, Access Point.

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