iosr-JECE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. - Feb. 2022

Abstract: Group-IV and their alloy based Heterojunction Bipolar Phototransistors (HPTs) are of immense interest in recent day optical communication. In this paper first resonant cavity enhanced heterojunction bipolar phototransistor (RCE-HPT) with Ge0.992Sn0.008/Si0.30Ge0.61Sn0.09 Quantum Well/barrier structure under Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) has been evaluated. Further the bulk GeSn absorption region has been considered instead of QW/barrier structure and estimated the Franz Keldysh Effect (FKE). Finally different RCE-HPT related parameters such as quantum efficiency-bandwidth product, responsivity, collector current and optical gain have been studied and compared under QCSE and FKE.

Keywords: Franz Keldysh Effect, Quantum Confined Stark Effect, RCE HPT

[1]. R. W. M. Hoogeveen, R. J. van der A, and A. P. H. Goede: Extended wavelength InGaAs infrared (1.0–2.4 μm) detector arrays on SCIAMACHY for space-based spectrometry of the Earth atmosphere. [Journal] Infr. Phys. Technol. 42, 1–16 (10.1016/S1350-4495(00)00061-X)
[2]. M. J. Deen, P. K. Basu: Silicon Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices. [Book] Wiley, Chichester (2012)
[3]. J. Michel, J. Liu, L. C. Kimerlin: High performance Ge-on-Si Photodeectors. [Journal] Nat. Photonics 4, 527-534 (10.1038/nphoton.2010.157)
[4]. M. Bauer, J. Taraci, J. Tolle, A.V.G. Chizmeshya, S. Zollner, D.J. Smith, J. Menendez, C. Hu, J. Kouvetakis: Ge-Sn semiconductors for band-gap and lattice engineering. [Journal] Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(1-3), 2992 (10.1063/1.1515133)
[5]. A. V. G. Chizmeshy, C. Ritter, J. Tolle, C. Cook, J. Menendez, J. Kouvetakis: Fundamental studies of P(GeH3)3, As(GeH3)3, and Sb(GeH3)3: practical n-dopants for new group IV semiconductors. [Journal] Chem. Mater. 18, 6266-6277 (2006).

Abstract: Our hands are a critical vector for transmitting microorganisms. The cross-transmission of these organisms to others occurs when we fail to wash hands effectively. Within health care systems and services, there have been almost continual awareness campaigns in place to encourage hand washing among health service personnel, patients and visitors. The current COVID-19 pandemic has seen a focus of education and information on hand washing aimed both at people working within the health sector as well as to the general public. There has been a proliferation of public health messages through various sources about the importance of hand-washing, and the correct techniques for hand washing. Hand-washing with soap, when done correctly, is critical in the fight against.......

Keywords: COVID 19, Viruses, No-Contact, Hand-washing, Sensor, Technology

[1]. Mensah F. A., Klege R, A., Adom P. K. and Köhlin G. (2021). COVID-19 and hand washing: Implications for water use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Water Resources and Economics Volume 36, p. 1.
[2]. Mohammed S. G. S. and Khameis A. A. A. (2020). Hand washing practices during Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Sudan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Volume 5; Issue 4; p. 33.
[3]. Muralidar S., Ambi S. V., Sekaran S. and Krishnan U. M. (2020). The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic: Understanding the epidemiology, immune response and potential therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2. Elsavier Biochimie 179, p. 85

Abstract: Freeing the control system from the burden of the manual local system and unleashing the transition to the wireless control system has become an important success factor for multi application in this field. The rapid development of technology has increased the effectiveness of human and reduced the burden on him; one of these technologies is dual tone multi frequency (DTMF). This technology is considered one of the important wireless systems that are used in applications for remote control of a large and unspecified number of applications, remote controlling household electrical appliances, robots, detection, tracking, listening devices, spying camera and others. In this review article, a DTMF simulation model will be created and its basic components explained in detail, also a.......

Keywords: Home Automation Systems, DTMF, DTMF Decoder, Remote control, Wireless control

[1] Sh. Ghosh, S. Konar, S. Ghosh, T. Ghosh and S. Gope, "Dual Tone Multiple Frequency Based Home Automation System," International Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 542-544 , Oct. 2015.
[2] A. R. Cruz, S. D. Garraton, J. M. Jose, A. Malolos, A. Panganiban and R. B. Caldo, "Model case of Remote Switching Application System via Telephone Line Using DTMF," DLSU Research Congress 2016 De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, vol. 4, 7-9 March 2016.
[3] S. Maheshwari, S. Kumar and S. Maheshwari, "Mobile Controller Home Automation System Through DTMF Technologh," International Journal of Engineering Research & Management Technology, vol. 3, no. 6,, pp. 59 – 64, Nov. 2016 .
[4] Ch. Dike, A. Wankhede, R. Veer, A. Warude, N. Chaudhari and P. J. Solanke, "DTMF Based Control Robot Using Arduino," International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2117 – 2120, March 2019 .
[5] P. K. Rath, S. Mishra, S. K. Mishra, M. Marndi and S. Ekka, "Free Range Control of Robots Using DTMF Technology," AICTE Sponsored National Conference on Multi-Objective Optimization using Metaheuristic Approaches in Various Engineering Applications, IGIT Sarang, pp. 38 – 43, 30 – 31 March,2013

Abstract: PUC Measurement system is used to check Concentration of Carbon mono-oxide in vehicle. When person visit PUC center to gen PUC certificate, he has to check concentration of CO in vehicle. First he swap RFID card in front of RFID reader, this 12 digit unique code along with concentration of CO in % is sent to RTO office using GSM modem. GSM modem connected to central PC station receives this SMS. Vehicle information is saved in access database against unique RFID card. If concentration exceed above limit auto SMS will be send to PUC center that servicing required for vehicle. Do not allow to PUC certificate. In this line of thought, the proposed PUC measurement system is implemented using micro-controller using GSM & RFID......

Key Word: MQ-7 Sensor, GSM Module, RFID, PUC, Carbon Monoxide, RFID, NPVIS

[1]. A.N.SLOSS,"ARM System Developer's Guide", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2006, 3rd Edition
[2]. M.A.MAZIDI,"Microcontroller and Embedded System", Perason publishers, 2006, 2nd edition
[3]. https://www.tashika.co.jp/pdfs/822.pdf
[4]. http://www.bioenabletech.com/line-attendance-acess-control/2009/05/18/gp20-22-125kHz-proximity-serial-reader/
[5]. http://www.gprsmodems.co.uk/acatalog/online-catalogue-wavecom-GSM-GPRS-modems-100.htmls
[6]. Chi-Man Vong ―Application of RFID Technology and the Maximum Spanning Tree Algorithm for Solving Vehicle Emissions in Cities on Internet of Things‖ 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-iot).

Abstract: From a national economic viewpoint, earthquakes are the most destructive category of natural hazards in India. The economic losses to homes and personal property are major manifestations. India is highly vulnerable to earthquakes, in that scenario there is a urgent requirement for development of enhanced surveillance vehicles. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a sensor-based robot.With the use and integration of Ultrasonic sensors and PIR sensor on a common coding platform Arduino we were able to create a working disaster relief assisting robot which not only reduces complexity but is easily made and user friendly.........

Key Words: Arduino ,Ultrasonic sensors , Surveillance vehicles , PIR sensor

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