IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2016

Abstract: In the present study, bio reduction of hexavalent Chromium, a transition metal, known for its high solubility and carcinogenicity, using a sewage isolate was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. The objective of the study included determination of the extent of bio degradation of Cr[VI] by the isolate, characterization of the isolate and testing the degradation potential of the isolate under variable conditions of PH and temperature.The bacterial isolate was identified to be a Gram negative coccobacillus, Acinetobacter iwofii which shows the capacity to reduce Cr[VI]at concentration as high as 60 ppm at a temperature of 55⁰C and PH ranging from 6-8 in aerobic conditions..........

KeyWords: Acinetobacter iwofii, Chromium, Hexavalent, Trivalent

[1]. Haferburg Gotz, Erika Kothe (2007): Microbes and metals: Interactions in the environment, J Basic Microbiol 2007,47,453-467.
[2]. Gupta Anil k, Mohammad Yunus and Pramod K Pandey (2003) Bioremediation: Eco technology for the present century, the archives of environews- Newsletter of ISEB India, Vol 9 No 2
[3]. Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research (NABIR) Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S Department of Energy. What is Bioremediation, 2nd edition 2003.
[4]. Sarangi Abhipsa and Chandraraj Krishnan (2009): Enzymatic reduction of hexavalent chromium in bacteria, Envis Centre Newsletter Vol 7, Issue 2
[5]. Cárdenas- Gonz' alez Juan F. and Ismael Acosta – Rodriguez (2010): Hexavalent chromium removal by a Paecilomyces sp. Fungal strain isolated from Environment. Bioinorganic Chem Appl Volume 2010, Article ID 676243,6 pages

Abstract: The anti-aflatoxigenic effect of Afromomum daniellion peanut balls (kulikuli) and the acceptability of the product were studied. A total of nine (9) samples including the raw material were analyzed using four different Aframomum danielli levels. Four of thesamples were produced without the peanut skin and four were produced with the peanut skin. Peanut ball samples were treatedwith 0, 25, 50 and 100ppm of Afromomum daniellipowder. Proximate analysis of the samples was done and the Kinetics of total aflatoxin reduction was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...........

KeyWords: Peanuts, Peanut balls,kulikuli, Aframomumdanielli, anti-aflatoxigenicagent, aflatoxin

[1]. Adebajo, L.O. & Idowu, A.A. (1994). Mycoflora and aflatoxin in a West African corn-groundnut based convenience food. Mycopathologia, 126: 21-26.
[2]. Adegoke, G. O. & Skura B. J. (1994). Nutritional profile and Antimicrobial spectrum of the spice Aframomum danielli.African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 3, No 9, pp 451-455.
[3]. Aletor, O. & Ojelabi, A. (2007). Comparative Evaluation of the nutritive and functional attributes of some traditional Nigerian snacks and oil seed cakes. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6 (1): 99-103.
[4]. Altschul, A. M. & Wilcks, H. L. (1985). New Protein Foods. Food American Oil Chemist Society, Spring Berlin/Heidelberg, 1558-9331, Vol-48, No 10, 605-610.
[5]. Aroyeun, S. O. & Adegoke, G. O. (2007). Reduction of ochratoxin A (OTA) in spiked cocoa powder and beverage using aqueous extracts and essential oils of Agramomum danielli. Afr. J. Biotech., 6: 612-616.

Abstract: The physical, chemical and microbiological qualities of borehole water samples in Enugu, south-East, Nigeria were studied. Water samples were collected from ten boreholes sited in different locations and analyzed. The result of the physical analysis of samples revealed that all the samples met the recommended WHO standards for appearance, colour, taste and odour. The chemical analysis of the samples also showed that nine of the samples had the pH values that were within the range of 6.5-8.5 set by WHO. The lead levels of four out of the ten borehole water samples were much higher than the WHO recommended value of 0.05mg/l. In addition, the concentration of iron in all the test samples was higher than the value of 0.3mg/l recommended by WHO. However..........

KeyWords: Borehole water, qualities, physical, chemical, microbial, standards

[1]. Abara, F.N., Obiekezie, S.O., R.A. Onyegbula, and Nwaugo, V.O. (2005). Physicochemical characteristics of Ivo River, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences; 1(2):145 – 149.
[2]. Agwung, F.D., Ifeanyi, V.O., Kanu, C.O., Okeke, E.V., and Onome, K.D. (2006). Microbial qualities of ready to eat meats sold in Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences; 1(1):14 – 18.
[3]. Ajewole, I.A. (2005). Water: An Overview. Food Forum; 4(1): 15-16.
[4]. Anyanwu, N.O. (2001). Biochemical examination of water from hand dug wells and boreholes located in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Journal of Experimental Studies; 2:176 – 182.
[5]. Dada, A.C. (2009). Sachet water phenomenon in Nigeria: Assessment of the potential health impacts. African Journal of Microbiological Research; 4(1):15 – 21.

Abstract: Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems as they represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are lowlands which receive huge nutrient inputs from the catchment areas. The present study envisages the phytosociology and biomass changes of emergent macrophytes in the Hokersar wetland during the study period (Jan 2012-Dec 2012). The phytosociological studies showed that Phragmites australis Sparganium erectum, and Typha angustata were the most diverse emergent species growing in the wetland..........

KeyWords: Hokersar wetland, phytosociology, biomass allocation, Carbon Sequestration Potential, cover percentage.

[1]. Allen, S. E., 1989, Analysis of vegetation and other organic materials. In Chemical analysis of ecological materials, edited by S. E. Allen (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications) pp. 46-61.
[2]. Chambers, P. A., Lacoul, P., Murphy, K. J. and Thomaz, S. M. 1999. Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater. Hydrobiologia. 595 (1):9-26. [3]. Curtis, J.T. & R.P. McIntosh. 1950. The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology 31: 434-455.
[4]. Harold, F. and Heady 1958. Vegetational changes in the California Annual type. Ecology, 39: 402-416.

[5]. Kaul, V. and Zutshi, D.P. 1967. A study of aquatic and marshland vegetation of Srinagar. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 33: 111-127

Abstract: The renewed interest in exploring various natural habitat/environments for discovering novel microbial sources as stable cholesterol oxidase producers is on the incline due to its broad-range of clinical and industrial applications. A search was conducted to isolate cholesterol oxidase producing bacteria from samples collected from different environments. A total of 98 bacterial isolates capable of degrading cholesterol were obtained from various soil samples collected from in and around Chennai. The bacterial strain producing the highest level of cholesterol oxidase was selected, identified as Enterobacter cloacae by molecular studies and used for all further studies..........

KeyWords: Cholesterol oxidase, characterization, purification, Enterobacter cloacae

[1]. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
[2]. Buckland BC, Lilly MD, Dunnill P (1976) The kinetics of cholesterol oxidase synthesis by Nocardia rhodocrous. Biotechnol Bioeng 18:601–21. doi: 10.1002/bit.260180502
[3]. Cheetham PS, Dunnill P, Lilly MD (1982) The characterization and interconversion of three forms of cholesterol oxidase extracted from Nocardia rhodochrous. Biochem J 201:515–521.
[4]. Cheillan F, Lafont H, Termine E, Fernandez F, Sauve P, Lesgards G (1989) Molecular characteristics of the cholesterol oxidase and factors influencing its activity. Biochim Biophys Acta - Protein Struct Mol Enzymol 999:233–238. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(89)90002-2

Abstract: CuO has been prepared by a thermal method in different temperature 300-600°C, the water contact angles of CuO film were measured by the contact angle goniometer; the contact angles were investigated to see the effect of temperature on the wettability of the CuO film which was found to be hydrophilic in nature. The copper before treatment is hydrophobic then, it changed to hydrophilic after the treatment in different temperature.

KeyWords: Copper oxide, Contact Angle, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity

[1]. Dhanasekaran, V. and T. Mahalingam.Surface modifications and optical variations of (− 111) lattice oriented CuO nanofilms for solar energy applications.Materials Research Bulletin 48(9)(2013), P. 3585-3593.
[2]. Hu, Z. and H. Liu. Three-dimensional CuOmicroflowers as anode materials for Li-ion batterie.Ceramics International 41(6)(2015), P. 8257-8260.
[3]. Kim, S. H,Ahmad Umarand Sang-Woon Hwang. Rose-like CuO nanostructures for highly sensitive glucose chemical sensor application.Ceramics International 41(8)(2015), P. 9468-9475.
[4]. Yang, C, Jide.W, Feng.X, Xintai.S. Microwave hydrothermal disassembly for evolution from CuO dendrites to nanosheets and their applications in catalysis and photo-catalysis.Powder Technology 264(2014), P. 36-42.
[5]. A.S.M. SayemRahman, M.A. Islam, K.M. Shorowordi. Electrodeposition and Characterization of Copper Oxide Thin Films for Solar cell Applications. Procedia Engineering. Volume 105 (2015), P. 679-685.

Abstract: Kenyalike other global countries, is a signatory to international environmental agreements. The relevance and their significance dating of global agenda 21 at Rio. Today different protocols serve the Kenyan environmental conservation and management entities as a platform to conserve its environment. This paper is a review of key international environmental protocols and convention in Kenya. Four multilateral environmental agreements were reviewed. The Kyoto protocol, Montreal protocol, Biodiversity convention and UNFCCC. Their impact has been discussed within the Kenyan context and rationale and their significance with the Kenyan environmental management vision

KeyWords: Kenya; Environment; Conservation; Management

[1]. Andersen, S. O., Sarma, K. M., &Taddonio, K. N. (2012). Technology transfer for the ozone layer: Lessons for climate change. Routledge.
[2]. Bosek, J. K. (2014). Implementing environmental rights in Kenya's new constitutional order: Prospects and potential challenges. African Human Rights Law Journal, 14(2), 489-508.
[3]. Clémençon, R. (2016). The Two Sides of the Paris Climate Agreement Dismal Failure or Historic Breakthrough? The Journal of Environment & Development, 25(1), 3-24.
[4]. Cotter, C. E. (2014). Recent Developments in Montreal Convention Litigation.J. Air L. & Com., 79, 291.
[5]. De Pinho, J. R., Grilo, C., Boone, R. B., Galvin, K. A., & Snodgrass, J. G. (2014). Influence of aesthetic appreciation of wildlife species on attitudes towards their conservation in Kenyan agro pastoralist communities. PloS one, 9(2), e88842.

Abstract: Contamination of agricultural soil by trace elements poses threats to food safety, soil quality and human health. The concentration of chromium (Cr) for soil and tissues of two plant species sampled from chromite mine effluent-irrigated and rain-fed soils was determined using ICP-OES. The concentration of Cr in treated effluent (mean: 26.10±2.48mg/l) was higher than the irrigation criteria for irrigation water quality. The contamination factor (0.304) and the index of geoaccumulation (-1.595) showed no pollution of irrigated soil...........

KeyWords: Bioaccumulation, Chromium, contamination index, dietary exposure, health risk, mine effluent

[1]. A.K Shanker, C. Cervantes, H. Loza-Taverac, and S. Avudainayagam, Chromium toxicity in plants, Science Direct Environment International, 31, 2005, 739 - 753.
[2]. F. M. G. Tack, Trace elements: general soil chemistry, principles and processes, in P.S. Hooda (Ed.), Trace elements in soil (West Sussex, John Wiley and Sons, 2010) 9-32.
[3]. S. H Rahman, D. Khanam, T. M. Adyel, M. S. Islam, M. A. Ahsan, and M. A. Akbor, Assessment of heavy metal concentration of agricultural soil around Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ), Bangladesh: Implications for seasonal variation and indices, Applied Science, 2, 2012, 584 - 601.
[4]. MiningWatch Canada, Potential toxic effects of chromium, chromite mining and ferrochrome production: A literature review (Ontario, MiningWatch Canada Mines Alerte, 2012).
[5]. M Mohanty, M. M. Pattnaik, A. K. Mistra, and H. K. Patra, Bio-concentration of chromium - an in situ phytoremediation study at south Kaliapani chromite mining area of Orissa, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 2012, 1015 - 1024

Abstract: Serum samples were obtained from the control and experimental fish, Labeo rohita treated with 1/3rd of LC50 of methyl parathion. Creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isozyme and sub- bands (isoforms) were studied using clinical automatic electrophoresis and densitometer. CK isozymes and isoforms were found to display disparate electrophoretic mobility in fish when compared with CK patterns of human. It was interesting to observe that CK-MM was 90.1% in human while 75% in fish. CK-MB isozyme was present in human but absent in fish..........

KeyWords: Serum CK isozymes, CK-MM, CK-MB, CK-BB, Enzyme- isoforms, Acetyl cholinesterase

[1] Walliman, T.M., Wyss, M., BrdiczyKa, D., Nicolay, KJ. AndEppenberger, H.M. (1992). Intracellular compartmentalization structure and function of creatine kinase isozymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the phosphocreatine circuit for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem. J., 28: 21-40.
[2] Kenyon, G. Li. And Reed, G.H. (1983). Creatine kinase structure- activity relationships. Adv.-Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol., 54: 367-426.
[3] Eppenberger, H.M., Dawson, D.M. and Kalpan, N.O. (1967). The comparative enzymology of creatine kinases. I. Isolation and charecterization from chicken and rabbit tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 242: 204-209.
[4] Schlegel, J., Wyss, M., Schurch, U., Schnyder, T., Quest, A., Wegmann, G., Eppenberger, H.M. and Wallimann, T. (1988). Mitochondrial creatine kinase from cardiacmuscle and brain are two distinct isozymes but both form octameric molecules. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 1161-1170.

Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that the impacts of climate change has occurred and is going to continue, driven by both past and future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The aim of this study was the comparison between SRES and RCP scenarios for temperature and ETo under different Agro-climate regions in Egypt. The major agro-climatic regions in Egypt are Delta, the Middle Egypt and the Upper Egypt region. The SERS scenario was used (A1F, B2 and B1) while the RCP scenario was (RCP8.5, RCP6 and RCP 4.5). In this study the comparison between the different types of scenario was done at 2025s, 2050s and 2100s. The paired t– test was used to recognize the significant differences among the monthly ETo between SRES and RCP scenarios..........

KeyWords: AR4, AR5, GHG, agro-meteorological data, global circulation model and climate change downscale

[1]. Rogelj J, Meinshausen M & Knutti R, 2012. Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate sensitivity range estimates. Nature Climate Change: DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1385.
[2]. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.
[3]. IPCC 2013 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[4]. Van Vuuren, D.P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Hibbard, K., Hurtt, G.C., Kram, T., Krey, V., Lamarque, J.F., Masui, T., Meinshausen, M., Nakicenovic, N., Smith, S.J., Rose, S.K. 2011. the representative concentration pathways: an overview. Climatic Change 109, 5-31.
[5]. Nakicenovic, N. et al., 2000. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 599 pp. Available online at: http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/emission/index.htm

Abstract: A study was conducted in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum, Pader and Amuru to establish the diversity and nutritional value of Wild Fruits (WF) for human consumption. Epistemology of consumption of the wild fruit plant species was also assessed. A total of 206 respondents, which included formerly abducted children (FAC) and district officials were used for the study in two sub-counties from each district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, observations and focus group discussions. Secondary sources of data were also reviewed. Most respondents who had knowledge, collected and consumed wild fruits were adults between 40-49 years and had little formal education........

KeyWords: Epistemology, diet, food security, nutrients, wild fruit species

[1]. Amone-P'Olak K. (2005). Psychological impact of war and sexual abuse on adolescent girls in Northern Uganda. Intervention, 3, 33-45.
[2]. AOAC (1990). Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edn. Washington, D. C. 1(9) CFR 318.19b.pp.69-84.
[3]. Cruz G.(2006). The mother-child nexus. Knowledge and valuation of wild food plants in Wayanad, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006;2:39. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-39. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[4]. Guinand and Lemessa, D. (1999). Field Assessment Mission Report. Wolayita, North Omo Zone. UN-EUE Field Mission Report, 17 to 21 August 1999, Addis Ababa.
[5]. Gullick, (1997). Characterization of chimeric proteins constructed from human epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the Drosophila EGF-receptor antagonist argos Pages: 1997; 677-682 DOI: 10.3892/ijo. 10.4.

Abstract: A large amount of leather solid waste is generated daily from tanning industries. In recent years shaving dust – a major solid waste of tanning process, is being used in poultry feed production as a protein source because of its costless availability. However, leather is treated with many chemicals during its tanning process. Thus it may be one of the major routes of heavy metals assortment in poultry feed and may accumulate into human body through metal contaminated chicken meat. An experiment was conducted to determine heavy metals in poultry feed made of shaving dust that was collected from tannery..........

KeyWords: Carcinogenic effect, Chicken organs, Heavy metals, Shaving dust, Poultry feed

[1] M. S. Islam, M. A. I. Kazi, M. M. Hossain, M. A. Ahsan, and A. M. M. Maruf Hossain, Propagation of Heavy Metals in Poultry Feed Production in Bangladesh. Bang. J. Sci. Ind. Res, 42(4), 2007, 465-474.
[2] R. Munoz –Olives, C. Camara. Speciation related to human health, In L. Ebdon, L. Pitts, R. Cornelis, H. Crews, O. F. Donard, P. Quevauviller. Trace element speciation for environment food and health. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001, 331-353.
[3] C. O. B Okoye, C. N. Ibeto and J. N. Ihedioha, Assessment of heavy metals in chicken feeds sold in south eastern, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(3), 2011, 63-68.
[4] O. Demirezen, K. Urc, 2Comparative study of trace elements in certain fish, meat and meat products. Food chem,32, 2006, 215-222.
[5] L. Jarup, Hazards of Heavy metal contamination. British Medical Journal, 68, 2003, 167-182.

Abstract: Over the past years, there has been increase in the consumption of wild food plants. A study was conducted in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum, Pader and Amuru to establish the diversity and nutritional value of Wild Edible Leaves (WEL) for human consumption. Epistemology of consumption of the WEL plant species was also assessed. A total of 206 respondents, which included formerly abducted children (FAC) and district officials were recruited for the study in two sub-counties from each district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, Laboratory analysis, observations and focus group discussions. Secondary sources of data were also reviewed. Most respondents who had knowledge, collected and consumed wild leaves were adults between 40-49 years..........

KeyWords: Consumption, Nutritional values, Epistemology, diet, food security, Wild Edible Leaves

[1]. Amone-P'Olak K. (2005). Psychological impact of war and sexual abuse on adolescent girls in Northern Uganda. Intervention, 3, 33-45.
[2]. AOAC (1990). Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edn. Washington, D. C. 1(9) CFR 318.19b.pp.69-84

[3]. Cruz G.(2006). The mother-child nexus. Knowledge and valuation of wild food plants in Wayanad, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006;2:39. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-39. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[4]. Guinand and Lemessa, D. (1999). Field Assessment Mission Report. Wolayita, North Omo Zone. UN-EUE Field Mission Report, 17 to 21 August 1999, Addis Ababa.
[5]. Gullick, (1997). Characterization of chimeric proteins constructed from human epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the Drosophila EGF-receptor antagonist argos Pages: 1997; 677-682 DOI: 10.3892/ijo. 10.4.

Abstract: The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) has been more consideration at present times due to its application in many fields. In this study the CuMnOx catalysts in the molar ratio (Cu:Mn=1:8) prepared by the co-precipitation method. After precipitation filtration, washing and drying the sample at 110oC for 16h in an oven and after drying the sample calcined at 300oC temperature in stagnant air, flowing air and reactive calcination (4.5% CO in air). At the time of precipitation, we are doping the CuMnOx catalyst by a little amount of Co, Ce, Fe and Ag promoters.........

KeyWords: Carbon monoxide, Hopcalite catalyst, Co-precipitation, doping, Reactive calcinations

[1]. Air quality criteria for carbon monoxide. Washington, DC. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1991 (publication no. EPA-600/B-90/045F).
[2]. Badr O. and Probert, S.D. (1994), 'Carbon monoxide concentration in the earth's atmosphere', Applied Energy (49), pp. (99-143).
[3]. Benjamin, B.F.F. and Alphonse, P. (2016), 'Co-Mn-oxide spinel catalysts for CO and propane oxidation at mild temperature', Applied Catalysis B: Environmental (180), pp. (715-724).
[4]. Kondrat, S.A., Davies, T.E., Zu, Z., Boldrin, P., Bartley, J.K., Carley, A.F., Taylor, S.H., Rosseinsky, M.J. and Hutchings, G.J. (2011), 'The effect of heat treatment on phase formation of copper manganese oxide: Influence of catalytic activity for ambient temperature carbon monoxide oxidation', Journal of Catalysis (281), pp. (279-289).
[5]. Mirzaei, A.A., Shaterian, H.R., Habibi, M., Hutchings, G.J., Taylor, S.H. (2003), 'Characterization of copper-manganese oxide catalysts: effect of precipitate ageing upon the structure and morphology of the precursors and catalysts', Applied Catalysis A: general (253), pp. (499-508).499-508).

Abstract: This study was carried outto investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on polyphenols from olive pomace with methanol (80%) as an extracting medium and studythe effects of addingthe extract to refined sunflower oilduring accelerated oxidationconditions. Ahigh amount of polyphenols was extracted from the olive pomace with a solvent-to-solid ratio of 40 at 50% of the maximum output power for 30 min.Polyphenols of the extractswere identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography.Sonicated extracts were characterizedby the presence of pyrogallol, 3-hydroxytyrosol andoleuropein..........

KeyWords: Olive, oxidative stability, polyphenols,pomace,ultrasound

[1] D. M. Kasote, S. S. Katyare, M. V. Hegde, and H. Bae, Significance of antioxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications, International Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 2015, 982-991.

[2] A. S. Gad, and A. F. Sayd, Antioxidant properties of rosemary and its potential uses as natural antioxidant in dairy products - a review, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6, 2015, 179-193.

[3] S. Uluata, and N. Özdemir, Antioxidant activities and oxidative stabilities of some unconventional oilseeds. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 89, 2012, 551-559.

[4] S. Tang, J. P. Kerry, D. Sheehan, D. J. Buckley, and P. A. Morrissey, Antioxidative effect of added tea catechins on susceptibility of cooked red meat, poultry and fish patties to lipid oxidation. Food Research International, 34, 2001, 651- 657.

[5] N. V. Yanishlieva, and E. M.Marinova, Stabilisation of edible oils with natural antioxidants. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 103, 2001, 752-767

Abstract: Ground water analysis of privately owned wells water of a abandoned coal mines of highly carbanious coal was carried out. Ten water samples were collected from wells ranging from surface springs to 150 feet. The report of 10 well was documented after a interval of six months. Most of the water samples in these analysis were taken from the upper damodar valley and the river side. The majority of samples were collected from relatively shallow water wells, which supports the hypothesis that natural uranium mineralization generally occurs within 200 vertical feet. This may indicate that uranium mineralization has a much larger vertical range. It appears that concentration is well below the normal tolerance limit 30 μg/l.

[1]. F. Snell, Photometric and Fluorometric Methods of Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1978.
[2]. P. Mauchien, P. Decambox, C. Moulin, T. Berthoud, B. Kirsch. Direct uranium trace analysis in plutonium solutions by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Spectrofluoromehy. Anal. Chem. 60, 1296, 1988.

[3]. D. Gopala Krishna and Ch.Kethani Devi , A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination, International Journal of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, 1(2), 34-36, 2011

[4]. Chan-il Park, Hua-Zi Huang and Ki-Won Cha, Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium(VI) with Pyrocatechol Violet in Surfactant Media, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., Vol. 22, No. 1, 2001

[5]. Laila A. Guirguis, Gad B. El-Hefnawey , Samy M. Helmy, Adham K. Salim, A developed Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination Method of Thorium in Mineralized Granite, Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, 45(2)228-239, 2012

Abstract: Microscopic studies indicate that the lateral roots of all Acacia&Prospois species examined have root hairs. Only very young seeding has hairs on the top roots. Nodules are classified as effective and ineffective strains of rhizobia form ineffective nodules .Which are generally small and contain poorly developed bacterial tissue showing accumulation of starch in host cells .Which do not contain rhizobium and dextrin in host cells infected by rhizobium .On the other hand effective nodules formed by effective strains are well developed, pink in colour due to leghemoglobin and the bacterial tissue is well organized with plenty of bacteroids.........

KeyWords: Root nodules (effective and ineffective), Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Fenugreek, Tropical legumes

[1]. Baldwin, E. B., Fred I. L. and Mc Coy E., 1932. Root nodule bacteria and leguminous plants. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
[2]. Cregan, P. B. and Keyser, H. H.,1986. Host restriction of nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA123 in soybean. Crop Sci., : 911-916.
[3]. Dowling and Broughton, 1986. Molecular and General genetics Volume : 170-174
[4]. Jain, R. K., Shrivastav A. and Sharma D. K.,2011. Superior Bradirhizobium strain for biocontrol of root fungal diseases: International Conference on Microorganisms in environmental management and Biotechnology Bhopal India: 37 [5]. A. Zaidi, M. S. Khan, M. Ahemad, and M. Oves, "Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing bacteria," Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 263–284, 2009 [5].B. R. Glick, "The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria," The Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 109–117, 1995.

Abstract: This was designed to determine the microbiological analysis of the outdoor air quality of the poultry and hatchery houses of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Sedimentation method was used for the study. The air sample was collected in the morning and afternoon from different locations around the poultry and hatchery houses in Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. The airborne microorganisms were characterized after incubation through, microscopic and biochemical test methods and their identification confirmed using standard manuals.........

KeyWords: Outdoor air, Poultry, Hatchery, Bacteria and Moulds

[1]. Fabian, M.P., Miller, S.L, Reponen, T and Hernandez, M.T (2005). Ambient Bioaerosol Indices for Indoor air Quality Assessments of Flood Reclamation. Aerosol Science 36:763-783.
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[4]. Lonc, E and Plewa, K (2010).Microbiological Air Contamination in Poultry Houses, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,19(1):15-19.
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Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from filled baked products sold in some retail outlets in Abakaliki Metropolis. A total of 30 baked food samples were collected and they include; meat pie, egg roll and fish roll from five different selling points located at Abakpa Market, Azuiyiokwu, kpirikpiri, CAS and PRESCO Campus of Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria. One gram each of the baked food sample was ground on a sterile mortar and was inoculated on nutrient agar by pour plate method. Suspected bacteria colonies were further characterized using biochemical testing method, Gram staining, culturing and other.........

KeyWords: Bacterial pathogens, Baked production, Abakaliki metropolis and Antibiotic

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