IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2020

Abstract: Soil erosion is a critical environmental problem throughout the world's terrestrial ecosystem. Soil erosion causes multiple damages in ecosystem such as crops grazing field, forest as well as in natural ecosystem. Erosion also reduces the water holding capacity because of rapid water runoff and decrease soil organic matter and also reduces the diversity of plants, animals and microbes. Soil erosion can be controlled by many plant species which are naturally grown in river bank. These hardy easy to grow plants send out nets of roots that help to hold topsoil, which reduce soil erosion. Present study reflects that how many plant species and generas and families present in Kansai basin of Purulia district, and how they take important role to prevent corrosion of soil at river bank in Purulia. All the plant species were available during post monsoon to post summer with a short phonological....

Keywords: Terrestrial ecosystem, Soil erosion, River bank, Plants, Purulia.

[1]. Anonymous. 2010. Medicinal Plant Resources of South Westbengal, Vol. II, Research.
[2]. Das, D. 2009. Ecological status of plants in sacred groves of South Westbengal (Midnapore, Bankura and Purulia district) of Westbengal, Final UGC-Project Report, 2009, PSW-160/06-07(ERO) dated 19.02.2007
[3]. Das, D. 2017 Kansai basin flora at Lalgarh of Westbengal. IJSART-Vol.3 issue 2-February.
[4]. Chakraborty, S K. Coastal Environment of Midnapore, Westbengal: Potential Threat and Management, Jour. Coast. Env,1(1), 2010, 27-40.
[5]. Pradhan, B &Rahaman H.C. New Addition of Flora of Birbhum District, Westbengal, Jour. New Biological Reports 3(3):234-239 (2014)

Abstract: In-depth and systematic research on urban water environment quality issues will provide a scientific basis for solving the sustainable use of water resources and the continuous optimization of the ecological environment quality. This study selected total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) as indicators, the single-factor evaluation method was used to evaluate the water quality status of a certain section of the inland river during the highwater period after the river remediation.The purpose of the study was to determine the status quo of its water environment quality, analyze the changes of water quality and the sources of water pollutants during the monitoring period, with a view to providing certain data and technical support for Haikou's river remediation....

Key Word: Water Environment Quality, Evaluation, Single-Factor Evaluation Method.

[1]. Fang H, Chen XL, Zhang XQ, et al. Research on the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of Fujian river section and urban inland river. Journal of Environmental Science, 2016, 36(4): 1160-1168.
[2]. Fan QX, Yang XX, Qiu W. Evaluation of urban water environment quality of Harbin section of Songhua river. Chinese Environmental Science, 2014, 34(9): 2292-2298.
[3]. Wang LJ, Pan J, Yang X, et al. Comparative analysis of three water environment quality evaluation methods. Groundwater, 2011, 33(3): 103-104.
[4]. Feng L L. Research on comprehensive evaluation of water environment quality based on set pair analysis. Zhengzhou University, 2011.
[5]. GB3838-2002 Surface water environmental quality standards.

Abstract: The importance of the urban environment cannot be over emphasized because communities must develop and make progress irrespective of the fact that the impacts of settlement growth may be positive or negative on the urban environment. The objective of this research was to perform a scholarly review of empirical literature on assessment of urban settlement growth and its impact on the urban environment. Documentary data with regards to the research was obtained from various academic journal publications and other secondary sources reviewed. The reviews showed that much work has been carried out on urbanization, urban growth and the urban environment. However, much more still needs to be done on the assessment of urban settlement growth and its impact on the urban environment. The methodologies adopted in most of the studies were not adequate or clearly defined, though. This study recommended that more research should be carried out on the assessment of urban settlement growth and its impact on the urban environment and that the methodologies adopted for data collection should cover more than one method.

Keywords: Settlement Growth, Urban Environment, Settlement.

[1]. Abolade, O. (2007). The pattern, direction and factors responsible for urban growth in a developing African city: A case study of Ogbomoso. Journal of human ecology, 22(3), 221-226.
[2]. Adenekan, S. (2011). Challenges of upgrading and Integration of slum settlement within the Ccty. A paper presented at the Commonwealth Association of Planners (COP) West African collaboration with Nigerian Institution of Town Planners (NITP), Abuja. September, 2011.
[3]. Agboola, O. (2005). Urbanization, physical development and urban development In West African. A paper presented at the agenda setting workshop of Commonwealth Association of Planners (CAP) 2006. World Planners Congress.
[4]. Baadom, L., Amatari-Bedford, S. & Derebeapade, S. (2016) Urbanization and its consequences on the transitional rural settlements of Yenagoa. International journal of knowledge and dynamic systems 12 (2), 8-20. Bhatta, B. (2010). Analysis of urban growth and sprawl from remote sensing data advances in geographic information science. Retrieved 5th January, 2019 from http://www.springer.com/978-3-642-05298-9
[5]. Bariweni, P. A. & Amukali, O. (2017) Wetland cover changes in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa state, Nigeria Journal of Post Graduate School of University of Port Harcourt. 2: 1 - 7.

Abstract: This study was undertaken to use Azolla pinnata in wastewater management and production of livestock feed. Different Physico-chemical parameters found in sewage water like, color, odor, Ph., Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chromium, Copper and Zink as heavy metals were analyzed according to Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water before and after inoculation of Azolla pinnata. Data revealed that Azolla pinnata was very effective in treating waste water, the resultant bio-treated sewage water appeared to have physico-chemical parameters better than the Permissible limits EPCB. The resultant Azolla pinnatabiomass was introduced as a sole feed to Wistar rats. The present study concluded that Azolla pinnata used in treating waste water could be used as animal feed..

Keywords: Azolla pinnata, Waste water, Sewage, Physico-chemical Parameters, Bio-untreated waste water, Bio-treated waste water

[1]. Athalye, R.P., Vidya Mishra., Goldin Quadros, VidyaUllal. and K.S. Gokhale. Heavy metals in the abiotic and biotic components of Thane Creek, India. Poll. Res., 2001;18(3): 329-333.
[2]. Thanunathan, K., Kalyanasundaram, D., Imayavaramban, V and Singaravel, R. Growing Water Grass (Brachiariamutica) with sewage water: An effective way for Sewage Disposal and pollution free Ecosystem.J.Ecobiol. 2000; 12(3): 237-239.
[3]. Paulami,M.. Size dependent accumulation of zinc in a waste water raised fish species, Oreochromisnilotica. Eco.Env. and Cons.2002; 8(2):161-165.
[4]. Nagarajan, K., and Sasikumar, R.. Effect of sago effluent on selected physiological aspects of the fresh water fish, Labeorohita. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 2002; 12(3): 233-238.
[5]. Jamuna, S. and Noorjahan, C.M. Treatment of sewage waste water hyacinth-Eichhornia sp and its reuse for fish culture Toxico. Int., 2009; 16(2):103-106..

Abstract: Air pollution is a challenging problem globally and the entire globe is dealing with the hazard caused by it. It harms different environmental factors that directly or indirectly cause health problems. Due to rapid urbanization and various infrastructure development projects, the level of air pollution of Kathmandu city is increasing day by day. We were interested to study air pollution in Kathmandu before and after the lockdown due to COVID-19. We studied ambient air in Kathmandu city applying air quality index (AQI). Data was received from the World Air Quality Index project (https://aqicn.org/).AQI of two major criteria pollutants, viz. Particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, for the month of January (2020) to April (2020) at four different stations, Phora Durbar, US Embassy......

Key Word: Air Quality Index, Air Pollution, Ambient Air Quality, Kathmandu city, PM2.5, PM10

[1] World Health Organization (WHO). Health topics-Air Pollution. 2020; https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution
[2] Environmental Performance Index 2018, Yale University, Newhaven, Conn, USA, 2018
[3] Parajuly K. Clean up the air in Kathmandu. Nature. 2016; vol.533, no.7603: 321-321
[4] https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/nepal-population/
[5] World Health Organization (WHO). Nepal urban health profile. 2017; http://www.who.int/kobe centre/measuring/urbanurbanheart/nepal.pdf.

Abstract: UNESCO has declared Indonesian batik asa world heritage since 2 October 2009, this provision made a demand for batik in the global market continue to increase. The enhancement was also directly proportional to the growth of the industry, especially in the City of Pekalongan. The small-scale batik industrieswhich did not have an environmental permit anddisposed of their wastewater directly into the surrounding environment did not have wastewater treatment may have a high negative impact on pollution from the river flow. The use of inorganic lead-contained in the batik production process poseshazardsto the river ecosystem.This study used a descriptive method with a spatial analysis approach.As many as 13 water samples were taken from 13 sampling points with the distance of each sample as far as 1.2 kilometers in the Pekalongan river flow. We used AAS to measure water lead content in each sample which.....

Key Word: spatial analysis, lead, batik industry

[1]. AninditoPrasetyo. Batik KaryaAgung World Cultural Heritage. Yogyakarta: Temple of Reader, 2010, p. 7
[2]. Indonesian Batik Cooperative Association. GKBI: 20 Years, Central Indonesian Cooperative CooperativeCooperative. Jakarta, 2012.
[3]. The Departement Environment of Pekalongan City. Updating Company Data Ownership of Environmental Documents. Pekalongan City Environment Agency. 2019
[4]. Sastrawijaya, T. Environmental Pollution. Jakarta. RinekaCipta; 2009.
[5]. Effendi, H. Study of Water Quality for Water Resources and Environmental Management. Yogyakarta. Kansius Publisher; 2003..

Abstract: Family Acroporidae (seven coral species) were studied in the northern Red Sea (Ras Muhammad National Park, South Sinai) to know their suitability for transplantation and to determine the fragments growth
rate and to know the space that colonies occupied in the structure. Coral fragments were collected and transplanted onto a Fixed modular tray nursery made from PVC connected to rectangular frame-tables. Survival
and growth rates were assessed; more than 58% of the fragments survived after 14 months. The overall growth rate was 0.940 ± 0.049 mm/month. The Acroporidae showed a significant positive relationship between growth
rate and colony size. Some species showed more than duplicate in ecological volume after 14 months of transplantation.

Keywords: Coral species, Transplantation, Ecological volume, Ras Mohammed, Red Sea, Egypt

[1]. Achituv, Y. and Dubinsky, Z. (1990). Evolution and zoogeography of coral reefs. In: Dubinsky Z. 1990. Ecoystems of the World, Volume 25 - Coral Reefs. Elsevier Science, New York and Amsterdam, 1-9.
[2]. Alcala, A. C.; Gomes, E. D. and Alcala, L. C. (1982). Survival and growth of coral transplants in central Philippines. Kalikasan, the Philippine Journal of Biology, 11:136-147.
[3]. Annick, C. and Tim, M. (2003). Coral transplant damage under various management conditions in the Mombasa Marine National Park, Kenya. Western Indian Ocean j. Mar. Sci., Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 127-136.
[4]. Auberson, B. (1982). Coral transplantation: an approach to the reestablishment of damaged reefs. Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 11: 158-172.
[5]. Diaz- Pulido, G. and McCook, L. J. (2002). The fate of bleached corals: patterns and dynamics of algal recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 232, 115–128..

Abstract: It is Compared to the vast amount of work done in pregnant mothers and young children, there are relatively few published studies in India evaluating deficiencies of Iron, Vitamin B12 and Foliate in adolescents having nutritional anemia and its association with severity of anemia.In response to the problem, the national Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MHFW) launched a nationwide Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) programme in January 2013-14 UNICEF India has been the partner of choice in supporting the universal roll-out of the programme in 14 major states in India. The pre-pregnancy nutritional status of young girls is important as it impacts on the course and the outcome of their pregnancy. Hence, the health of adolescent girls demands special attention......

Key Word: PREVALENCE, ANEMIA , PREGNANT WOMEN, SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC

[1]. Lee M, Truma JI. Acute anemia eMed J. 2007;2(11):45-56.
[2]. Ndukwu G, Dienye P. Prevalence and Socio-demographic Factors Associated with Anaemia in Pregnancy in a Primary Health Center in Rivers State, Nigeria. Afri J Primary Health Care and Family Med. 2012;4(1):1.
[3]. World Health Organization (WHO). Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia, WHO Global Database on Anemia. World Health Organization, Geneva. Switzerland. 2005;1-40.
[4]. Omigbodun AO. Recent trends in the Management of Anaemia in pregnancy. Trop J Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;21(1):1-3.

Abstract: The application of the acoustic method has been a common method to estimate the pelagic fish density. However, it has not been widely used in estimating the abundance of reef fish. Having high diversity, reef fish are difficult to be estimated using acoustic which it is needed to know the acoustical characteristic of each reef fish. This research was aimed at analyzing the backscattering characteristics of dominant fish composing of Abudefduf saxatilis, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Ctenochaetus striatus, Halichoeres hortulanus, and Scolopsis lineatus in Tikus Island, Bengkulu Province, and analyzing the relationship between the fish length and target strength (TS) values using two different frequencies (38 kHz and 200 kHz). The tethered method was used to measure TS value through.....

Keywords: backscattering, standard length, multispecies,tethered method, b20

[1] Allen GR, Werner TB. 2002. Coral reef fish assessment in the 'coral triangle' of Southeastern Asia. Environ Biol Fish. 65:209–214.
[2] Madduppa HH, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Aktani U, Ferse1 SCA. 2014. Feeding behavior and diet of the eight-banded butterflyfish Chaetodon octofasciatus in the Thousand Islands, Indonesia. Environ Biol Fish. 97. DOI 10.1007/s10641-014-0225-z.
[3] Madduppa HH, Agus SB, Farhan AR, Suhendra D, Subhan B.2012. Fish Biodiversity in Coral Reefs and Lagoon at The Maratua Island, East Kalimantan. BIODIVERSITAS, 13 (3): 145-150
[4] Adrim M. 2007. Reef Fish Communities in the Waters of Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 33: 139 – 158. [In Indonesian].
[5] McClanahan TR, Maina JM, Graham NAJ, Jones KR. 2016. Modeling Reef Fish Biomass, Recovery Potential, and Management Priorities in the Western Indian Ocean. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154585. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154585