IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2025

Abstract: In order to lead against greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which consisted of limiting global warming to 1.5◦ C, several long-term targets were set during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) including the development of green technologies and the use of low-carbon sources (non-edible vegetable oil) to replace petroleum-based fuels. Biodiesel synthesis from palm kernel oil in the presence of methanol and potash (KOH) as catalysts was investigated as an effective response to gas emissions from fossil sources. The oil was extracted from palm kernels using a volatile Soxhlet solvent (C4H10O). The oil was extracted from palm kernels using a volatile soxhlet solvent(C4H10O).....

Keywords: Palm nuts; Valuation; Transesterification; Biodiesel; Biodegradability; Soxhlet.

[1] Basiron, Y. (2007). Palm Oil Production Through Sustainable Plantations. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 289–295.
[2] Fandougouma, O. (2023). Production Du Biodiesel A Partir Des Noyaux De Quatre Variétés De Palmiers Dattiers (H'mira, Takerbouchet, Tegazza Et Tinaceur) De La égion D'adrar (Doctoral Dissertation).
[3] Krisnangkura, K. (1986). A Simple Method For Estimation Of Cetane Index Of Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., , 63, 552–553.
[4] Koti, J. (2022). Valorisation Des Coques De Noix De Palmiste Dans La Construction Des Routes A Faible Trafic (Doctoral Dissertation, Université De Limoges; Université D'abomey-Calavi (Bénin)).
[5] Fao. (2024). R.D.Congo, Le Pays En Un Coup D'oeil.

Abstract: The Government of Kenya in its national slum policy seeks to encourage, facilitate and secure community and stakeholder participation, transparency, and accountability in integrated approaches of slum upgrading and prevention, redevelopment, rehabilitation, and improvement programmes. The study conducted the assessment of elements upgraded through participatory approach in Korogocho and Soweto East in Kibera slums. The study established the economic activities, residents' length of stay and status of elements that were upgraded through a participatory approach in Korogocho and Soweto East in Kibera slums. The capabilities approach theory that views people as active participants during the process of development and not mere cogs as passive onlookers guided the study.......

Mots-clés : Status of elements, upgrading, economic activities, participation, length of stay, sustainability.

[1] Anderson, M., & Mwelu, K. (2013). Kenyan Slum Upgrading Programs: Kisip & Kensup [Pdf]. Retrieved From Http://Healthycities.Berkeley.Edu/Uploads/1/2/6/1/12619988/Kenya.Pdf
[2] Agayi, C. O., Serdaro.Lu Sa., N. (2020). An Evaluation Of Urban Regeneration Efforts In Kibera, Kenya Through Slum Upgrading. Ida: International Design And Art Journal, 2(2), P.176-192.
[3] Ambeyi, W. (2009). Residents Interview. Soweto East, Kibera, Kenya As In Amnesty International. Kenya The Unseen Majority: Nairobi‟S Two Million Slum Dwellers. Human Rights. Http://Www.Amnesty.Org/En/Library/Asset/.
[4] Awais, A., Buttrey, H. And P.M. Ward. (2021). 'Slumification' Of Consolidated Informal Settlements: A Largely Unseen Challenge.' Current Urban Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3. 2021, Pp. 315–42.
[5] Baskin, J. (2020). Slum Upgrading In Times Of Crisis: A City-Wide Approach. Cities Alliance: Brussels, 2020, Last Accessed 25.11.21

Abstract: Objective: This article should be placed in the movement "to go beyond the GDP". It proposes to go beyond in order to integrate the sustainability and the ESG as well but still with the GDP to favour a smooth transition and reach a stronger and broader impact towards all stakeholders. To report on the economic situation, the communication of the State is based on GDP which is kept and used with a new indicator. Methods: The proposal of such new indicator is to use the IWI, the Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI). As it gathers stock data in 3 capitals......

[1] Agence Francaise De Developement, (2022). "Strong Sustainability For (Truly) Sustainable Development" Https://Www.Afd.Fr/En/Actualites/Strong-Sustainability-Truly-Sustainable-Development Accessed On 16.06.2024.
[2] Brundtland, G. H. (1987). "Our Common Future: Report Of The World Commission On Environment And Development". Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[3] Cathala, C. (2024). "Winter Is Coming? How To Anticipate A Recession Based On The Knut Wicksell's Rate Of Interest Theory". Asian Journal Of Social Science And Management Technology, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February, 2024.
[4] Chirac, J. (2002). Speech By Mr. Jacques Chirac, President Of The French Republic, To The Plenary Session Of The World Summit On Sustainable Development. - Johannesburg – Monday 2 September 2002 Http://Www.Jacqueschirac-Asso.Fr/Archives-Elysee.Fr/Elysee/Elysee.Fr/Anglais/Speeches_And_Documents/2002-2001/Fi005004.Html Accessed On 05.05.2024.
[5] Dolan, P., Laffan, K. And Kudrna, L., (2021). "The Welleye: A Conceptual Framework For Understanding And Promoting Wellbeing". Front. Psychol. 12:716572. Doi: 10.3389/Fpsyg.2021.716572

Abstract: Musca domestica is an important insect vector of various myriads of microbes ranging from bacteria, fungi and parasites. They tend to infest food and drinks of human and animals causing severe diseases. Unfortunately, some of the microbes/diseases transmitted by this vector have developed resistance against various drugs (Drug Resistance Microbes). This current study evaluates the microbial loads on various body parts (Right wing, Left wing and Body Surface) of M. domestica captured from different locations in Ilaro, Ogun State and the antimicrobial properties of the body parts. One hundred and twenty samples of M. domestica were trapped from different locations.......

[1] Afzal, M., Ali, M. I., Munir, L. A., Ahmad, M., Mahmood, Z., Sharif, M. N. & Aslam, M. (2016). Genetic Association Among Morphological Traits Of Lepidium Draba. Bulletin Of Biological And Applied Sciences Research, 1: 1-5.
[2] Akogun, O. B. & Badaki, J. (1998). Intestinal Helminthes Infection In Two Communities Along The Benue River Valley, Adamawa State. Nigerian Journal Of Parasitology, 19:67-72.
[3] Ali, S. M., Siddiqui, R. & Khan, N. A. (2018). "Antimicrobial Discovery From Natural And Unusual Sources," Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmacology, 70(10): 1287–1300.
[4] Asril, M., Rini, I. A., Oktaviani, I. & Mushaliyah. (2021). Tracking The Source Of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca Domestica): Right-Wing Of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review. Journal Of Islamic Science And Technology, 7(2): 225-238.
[5] Atta, R.M. (2014). Microbiological Studies On Fly Wings (Musca Domestica) Where Disease And Treat. World Journal Of Medical Sciences, 11 (4): 486-489

Abstract: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely present in bacterial genomes. They consist of stable toxins and
unstable antitoxins that are classified into distinct groups based on their structure and biological activity. TA systems are mostly related to mobile genetic elements and can be easily ac- quired through horizontal gene transfer. The ubiquity of different homologous and non-homologous TA systems within a single bacterial genome raises questions about their potential cross-interactions. Unspecific cross-talk between toxins and antitoxins of non-cognate......

keywords: Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems, Cross- interlinkages, Cellular factors, Environmental facets

[1] Singh G, Yadav M, Ghosh C, Rathore Js. (2021). Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Modules: Classification, Functions, And Association With Persistence. Curr. Res. Microb. Sci. 2:,100047.
[2] Akarsu H, Bordes P, Mansour M, Bigot D-Jj, Genevaux P, Falquet L, Smania Ta. (2019). A Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Database. Plos Comput. Biol. 15: E1006946.
[3] Fraikin N, Rousseau Cj, Goeders N, Van Melderen L. (2019). Reassessing The Role Of The Type Ii Mqsra Toxin-Antitoxin System In Stress Response And Biofilm Formation: Mqsa Is Transcriptionally Uncoupled From Mqsr. Mbio 10: E02678-19.
[4] Bukowski M, Lyzen R, Helbin Wm, Bonar E, Szalewska-Palasz A, Wegrzyn G, Dubin G, Dubin A, Wladyka B. (2013). A Regulatory Role For Staphylococcus Aureus Toxin–Antitoxin System Pemiksa. Nat. Commun. 4: 2012.
[5] Masuda H, Tan Q, Awano N, Wu K-P, Inouye M, Yee U. (2012). Enhances The Bundling Of Cytoskeletal Polymers Of Mreb And Ftsz, Antagonizing The Cbta (Yeev) Toxicity In Escherichia Coli. Mol. Microbiol. 84: 979–989

Abstract: Résumé Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans ce cadre de la gestion des déchets solides ménagers dans la commune IV du District de Bamako. L’objectif général de l’étude est de contribuer à l’amélioration du cadre de vie de la population de la commune IV, spécifiquement il s’agit de déterminer les modes de gestion des déchets solides ménagers, d’identifier les acteurs intervenant dans la gestion des déchets solides ménagers, d’analyser les contraintes liées à la gestion des déchets solides ménagers dans la commune IV de Bamako .Trois grandes approches ont......

[1] Abdelli D. Et. Al (2005). Incidences Environnementales De La Décharge Non Contrôlée De La Capitale Régionale Labé Et Mesures D’atténuation, Thème Présenté Comme Exigence Partielledu Master En Sciences De L’environnement,. S.I. S.L. : Centre D’étude Et De Recherche En Environnement (Cere) Université Gamal Abdel Nasser De Conakry, Réepublique De Guinée; 135 P.
[2] Adamou O P (2015) . Diagnostic Du Système De Gestion Des Déchets Solides Ménagers De L'arrondissement Communal Iv D La Ville De Niamey (Niger) Et Proposition D'amélioration.
[3] Adamou M (2021). Caracterisation Des Ordures Menageres Et Risques Microbiologiques Potentiels Associes Aux Decharges Situees A Proximite Des Habitations A Bamako.
[4] Ademe (2009) Campagne Nationale De Caractérisation Des Ordures Ménagères 39 P. Angers, France : S.N.
[5] Aloueimine S O (2006). Méthodologie De Caractérisation Des Déchets Ménagers A Nouakchott (Mauritanie) : Contribution A La Gestion Des Déchets Et Outils D’aide La Décision. Thèse De Doctorat De L’université De Limoges, 195p.

Abstract: Air pollution has become a critical global issue affecting both public health and ecosystems. The presence of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been linked to severe health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as detrimental impacts on ecosystems, leading to biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. This paper explores the multifaceted effects......

Keywords: Air Pollution, Public Health, Ecosystems, Particulate Matter, Biodiversity, Respiratory Diseases

[1] Anderson, H. R., Smith, K. R., & Tuhus-Dubrow, R. (2023). Impact Of Particulate Matter On Respiratory Health: Evidence From Urban Populations. Journal Of Environmental Health Research, 45(2), 210-225.
[2] Li, Y., & Zhao, X. (2023). Nitrogen Oxides And Aquatic Ecosystems: A Study On Acidification And Biodiversity. Aquatic Sciences Journal, 34(1), 112-129.
[3] Martinez, J., Thompson, R., & Williams, P. (2023). Long-Term Exposure To Sulfur Dioxide And Cardiovascular Risk. Journal Of Cardiology, 78(3), 305-318.
[4] Singh, A., & Gupta, N. (2023). Volatile Organic Compounds And Their Impact On Plant Health And Crop Yields. Agricultural Science And Technology Journal, 22(4), 355-370.

Abstract: The water hyacinth plant, formerly classified as Eichhornia crassipes is now recognized as Pontederia crassipes, is known to absorb significant quantities of metals from aquatic environments through its stem, root, and leaf. This study is used to determine the concentrations of five heavy metals, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni), in water hyacinth samples collected from the Ojo River, Lagos. Sampling was conducted between December and March from a consistent location. The harvested plant materials root, stem, and leaf were prepared by weighing 5 g of each part, followed by digestion using aqua regia in a 3:1 ratio.....

Keywords: Ologe River, Water hyacinth plant, Heavy metals, Digestion, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

[1] Duffus, J. H. (2001). “Heavy Metals”–A Meaningless Term. Chemistry International--Newsmagazine For Iupac, 23(6), 163-167..
[2] Herawati, N., Suzuki, S., Hayashi, K., Rivai, I. F., & Koyama, H. (2000). Cadmium, Copper, And Zinc Levels In Rice And Soil Of Japan, Indonesia, And China By Soil Type. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 64(1)..
[3] Harguinteguy, C. A., Cirelli, A. F., & Pignata, M. L. (2014). Heavy Metal Accumulation In Leaves Of Aquatic Plant Stuckenia Filiformis And Its Relationship With Sediment And Water In The Suquía River (Argentina). Microchemical Journal, 114, 111-118..
[4] He, Z. L., Yang, X. E., & Stoffella, P. J. (2005). Trace Elements In Agroecosystems And Impacts On The Environment. Journal Of Trace Elements In Medicine And Biology, 19(2-3), 125-140..
[5] Ernst, W. H., Krauss, G. J., Verkleij, J. A., & Wesenberg, D. (2008). Interaction Of Heavy Metals With The Sulphur Metabolism In Angiosperms From An Ecological Point Of View. Plant, Cell & Environment, 31(1), 123-143..

Abstract: This study investigates the seasonal variation in freshwater fish diversity at Beneshwar Dham, a sacred confluence site on the Mahi River in Rajasthan, India. Fish sampling was conducted across three distinct seasons: pre-monsoon (summer), monsoon, and post-monsoon (winter) from January 2024 to December 2025. A total of 62 fish species belonging to 11 orders, 21 families, and 45 genera were documented during the study period. The highest species diversity (58 species) was recorded during the post-monsoon season, followed by monsoon (52 species.....

Keywords: Seasonal variation, freshwater fish diversity, Beneshwar Dham, Mahi River, Cyprinidae, conservation, Rajasthan

[1]. Das, B. K., Sarkar, U. K., & Roy, K. (2018). Climate change and Indian freshwater fish diversity: Impacts and adaptation strategies. Journal of Climate Change, 4(2), 45-58.
[2]. Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., Naiman, R. J., Prieur-Richard, A. H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M. L. J., & Sullivan, C. A. (2006). Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Reviews, 81(2), 163-182.
[3]. Gupta, R., & Sharma, V. K. (2019). Ichthyofaunal diversity of Banas River, Rajasthan with special reference to conservation status. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 66(3), 12-21.
[4]. Jayaram, K. C. (2010). The freshwater fishes of the Indian region (2nd ed.). Narendra Publishing House.
[5]. Lowe, S., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., & De Poorter, M. (2000). 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species: A selection from the global invasive species database. Invasive Species Specialist Group...