IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2015

Abstract: Spiders attract special attention to the zoologist on account of their unique weaving capability of constructing webs with geometrical precision. Web weaving habit of spiders are unique because few of others insects like (silk worm) produce silk, yet the survival value of silk spinning or web weaving has never been discovered by any observers. According to their web building 'ability, generally the spiders are considered as weavers or non-weavers Present paper describes the web architecture and patterns of spiders with respect to their diversity and distribution in the habitat of Eastern Rajasthan. There are more than 30,000 documented species of spider in the world. These species can be broken in to two categories: web builders and ground dwellers. The type of web spider spins depends entirely on the spider's way of life. The pattern and architecture of webs varies family to family.

[1]. Anonymous (2000): Insects &Spiders: An explore your world handbook Discovery Books London, PP. 192
[2]. Blackledge, T.A. & Gillespie, R. G (2004): Convergent evolution of behavior in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian web-building spiders. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 16 228-16 233.
[3]. Blackledge, T.A. & Wenzel, J.W. (2001): State-determinate foraging decisions and web architecture in the spider Dictyna volucripes (Araneae Dictynidae). Ethol, Eool, Evol, 13, 105-113
[4]. Platnick, N.I. (2011): The World Spider Catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
[5]. Sebastian, P.A. and K.V. Peter. (2009): Spider of India. University Press Publication.

Abstract: Monitoringofriver waters arean important in now a days because of increasing industrialization, urbanization and anthropogenic actives from river banks. The industrial effluents, domestic sewage, agricultural wastesand aquacultural wastes are being discharged into the river waters and finally reaching into coastal waters that causing degradation of water quality. The present study was carried out to determine the water quality in terms of seasonal variability and behavior of physicochemical and nutrients parameters for a period of one year during 2013 in the estuarine waters of Gauthami Godavari along its longitudinal stretch at seven station from the head of the estuary to mouth of the estuary.

[1] D V, Rama Sarma, Diurnal changes in the physico-chemical conditions during the tidal cycles in the Gauthami-Godavari estuary, Professor Ganapati Sastyabdepuritcommomerative volume, 139-162

[2] V Ranga Rao, Y.V.Ramana, and B.S.R. Reddy, Salinity and current distribution in the Godavari estuary, east coast of India, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 17, 1988, 14-18.

[3] B.S.R. Reddy, and V.Ranga Rao, Seasonal vitiations in temperature and salinity in Gauthami-Godavari estuary. ProcedingsIndian Academy of. Science. (Earth Planetaary. Science.), 1994, 103, pp. 47-55.

[4] B.S.R. Reddy and V. Ranga Rao, Flushing and dispersion characteristics of Godavari estuary under different river discharge conditions, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 17, 1993, 14-18.

[5] M.M.Sarin, K. S. Bhattacharya, R.Ramesh, and B.J.K Somayajulu, Geochemical studies of the river-estuarine systems of Krishna and Godavari, Mahasagar-Bulletion. National Institute of Oceanography, 18, 1985,129-143.

[6] V.V.Sarma, U.Sudhakarand S.J.D. Varaprasad, Behaviour of fluoride and dissolved silicon in Gauthami Godavari estuarine environment, Mahasagar-Bulletion. National Institute of Oceanography, 26, 1993, 105-113.

Abstract: A three-year study was conducted in twenty five mollusc – inhabited water bodies spread across four hydrological areas in northern Nigeria. This was done to determine some aspects of the geomorphology and limnology of the water bodies. Four sampling stations were selected along a line transect across each water body for collection of aquatic molluscs, measurement of physico-chemical factors and other parameters. A portable Combo Hanna® meter was used to measure pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature and total dissolved solids while alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, hardness, dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand were determined by titration. The specimens of freshwater molluscs collected were identified using standard procedure

[1]. Abellan, P., Sanchez-Fernandez, D., Velasco, J., Millan, A. (2005). Assessing conservation priorities for insects: status of water beetles in southeast Spain. Biological Conservation, 121: 79-90.
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[3]. Adebowale, K.O., Agunbiade, F.O. and Olu-Olawolabi, B.I. (2008). Impacts of natural and anthropogenic multiple sources of pollution on the environmental conditions of Ondo State Coastal Water, Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 7(4): 2797-2811.
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Abstract: Les huiles sont considérées comme une source primordiale de matières premières recherchées en cosmétique. Pour valoriser la fabrication des produits nouveaux et sous produits locaux à bases des huiles tunisiennes et vu l'émergence du secteur de la cosmétique issue d'unités semi-industrielles, Nous avons étudié, dans ce présent travail, la caractérisation des huiles des graines de différents plantes, le laurier (Lauris nobilis), le Pen d'Alep (Pinus halepensis), et la figue de barbarie (Opuntia ficus indica) ainsi que la composition de ces huiles en acides gras. La collecte des fruits a été faite au mois de septembre et d'octobre de 2014. L'extraction des huiles a été réalisée en utilisant la technique Soxhlet et la teneur en acide gras a été déterminée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse.

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[5]. Lecerf J. M., les huiles végétales : particularité et utilités. Médecine des maladies Métaboliques. 5 (2011) 5257 - 262.
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[7]. Ail El Cadi M., Huiles végétales en pharmaceutiques. Thèse de Doctorat n°43, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Rabat, (2001).

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases not only cause a loss of lives but also impose heavy health and economic burdens. Extensive use of chemical insecticides for the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases has led to the development of resistance in mosquitoes to these insecticides and hazards to the environment. Biolarvicides of the strain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, serotype H-14 is highly effective against mosquito larvae. But the large scale use of Bti is impeded by its high cost of production. Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is more viable than Submerged Fermentation for Bti production on a large scale.

[1]. Wojciech J. J. & Korsten L. (2002). Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. Annual Review of Phytopathology Vol. 40, pp. 411-441.
[2]. Travis R. Glare and Maureen O' Callaghan,1998. Environmental and Health impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis- Report from the Ministry of Health.
[3]. Berry, C.; O'Neil, S.; Ben-Dov, E.; Jones, A.F.; Murphy, L.; Quail, M.A.; Holden, M.T.G.; Harris, D.; Zaritsky, A.; Parkhill, J. Complete sequence and organization of pBtoxis, the toxin-coding plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.2002, 68, 5082–5095.
[4]. Wirth, M.C., Delecluse, A., Federici, B.A., Walton, W.E., 1998. Variable cross resistance to Cry 11B from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis. Appl.Environ. Microbial. 64, 4174-4179.
[5]. Ejiofor, A.O. (1991). Production of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 as bioinsecticide using a mixture of 'spent' brewer's yeast and waste cassava starch as the fermentation medium. Discovery Innovation 3: 85-88

Abstract: Bioremediation is environment friendly process that utilised a range of communities of microorganisms in combination with series of techniques to decontaminate polluted sites. This has however remained in pilot scale and pot experiment studies and as far as the application of these techniques in field realities are concerned, there is need for compilation of research on the subject. This review found that the application of BS and BA techniques should be done only after a pilot study confirmed the feasibility of using either techniques or both. Otherwise

[1]. Abed, R.M., Al-Kindi, S. and Al-Kharusi, S. (2015) Diversity of bacterial communities along a petroleum contamination gradient in desert soils. Microbial ecology [online]. 69(1), pp. 95-105 [Accessed on 5 July 2015. Available at:http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Raeid_Abed/publication/264630750_Diversity_of_Bacterial_Communities_Along_a_Petroleum_Contamination_Gradient_in_Desert_Soils/links/541a98280cf203f155ae3a0a.pdf
[2]. Adams, G., Tawari-Fufeyin, P. and Ehinomen, I. (2014) Laboratory Scale Bioremediation of Soils from Automobile Mechanic Workshops Using Cow Dung. Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology [online]. 2(4), pp. 128-134 [Accessed on 19 Junuary 2014. Available at: http://pubs.sciepub.com/jaem/2/4/6/jaem-2-4-6.pdf
[3]. Afrouzossadat, H.A., Emtiazi, G., Ghasemi, S.M. And Roghanian, R. Isolation And Characterization of a Novel Toluene-Degrading Bacterium Exhibiting Potential Application in Bioremediation [online]. 6(3), pp. 256-261 [Accessed on 13 May 2014]. Available at: http://www.sid.ir/En/ViewPaper.asp?ID=314681&vDate=2013&vEnd=261&vJournal=JUNDISHAPUR+JOURNAL+OF+MICROBIOLOGY+%28JJM%29&vNo=3%20%28S.N.%2021%29&vStart=256&vVolume=6&vWriter=AFROUZOSSADAT%20HOSSEINI%20ABARI,EMTIAZI%20GITI,GHASEMI%20SEYED%20MAHDI,ROGHANIAN%20RASOUL

Abstract: Reduction of acrylamide formation in potato chips was investigated in relation to ten pretreatments before frying. Potato slices were fried at 170 C for 5 min. Prior to frying, potato slices were soaked in one of the following solutions for 60min : (1) tap water ; (2-4) NaCl solutions (1%, 2% and 3%); (5-7) citric acid solutions (0.5 %, 1 % and 2%); (8) combined solution (NaCl 3% +0.5% citric acid); (9)tomato juice and (10) combined tomato juice(tomato juice + 1% NaCl + 0.5% citric acid). Reducing sugars and asparagine contents were determined in potato slices before frying, whereas acrylamide content was determined in the resultant fried potato chips. All studied treatments decreased both of reducing sugars and asparagene content (except tap water with asparagene), and consequently acrylamide formation.

[1]. Amany, M. M. Basuny and Skaker, M. Arafat, (2013). Reduction of acrylamide formation, polymer compounds and oil uptake in potato slices during frying. Curr. Res. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,1(3): 111-118.
[2]. Anese M, Bortolomeazzi R, Manzocco L, Manzano M, Giusto C, Nicoli MC (2009). Effect of chemical and biological dipping on acrylamide formation and sensory properties in deep-fried potatoes. Food Research International, 42: 142-147.
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[5]. Biedermann, M., Biedermann-Brem, S., Noti, A., & Grob, K. (2002). Methods for determining the potential of acrylamide formation and its elimination in raw materials for food preparation, such as potatoes. Mitteilungen aus Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene,93, 653–667.
[6]. Bunger A, Moyano P, Rioseco V (2003) NaCl soaking treatment for improving the quality of French-fried potatoes. Food Res Int 36:161–166

Abstract: Aquatic bodies are the traditional recipients of industrial wastes containing heavy metals, which are released in higher concentrations and cause deleterious effects on organisms. The disposal of sewage into adjacent natural streams leads to depletion of DO and increase in BOD of the water. Aquatic plants were found to be very useful in the reduction of pollutants in the water bodies. Aquatic plants play an important role in stabilizing and maintaining clear water state and maintaining the water quality in aquatic system. Aquatic plants play an important role in treatment of waste water and industrial effluents. Maximum reduction of EC, Total dissolved solids, BOD, COD, Sulphate and Phosphate was observed in industrial effluents by using E.Crassipes than P.stratiotes. Key Words: E.Crassipes, P.stratiotes, effluents, physical parameters, chemical parameters.

[1]. APHA, (2005).Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 21st Edn., Washington,D.C.
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Abstract: The present study was conducted, a period from October 2010 to May 2011 covering three distinct seasons, in Sundarbans mangrove area especially in three major river systems namely Rupsha-Pashur (R-P), Baleswar-Bhola (B-B) and Malancha- Kholpetua (M-K) river systems to evaluate the relationship between different water quality parameters and zooplankton abundance.Total thirteenth sampling points were selected along the three river systems for the convenient of the study.Five different groups of zooplankton were identified in this study where Copepoda group represented as the most dominant group securing seven genus.Almost all groups of zooplankton were found at a higher number in the dry winter whereas pre-monsoon represented the lowest number of them.

[1] C.M. Hogan, Mangroves - Sundarbans, Bangladesh( Ed: Clough, L.D. In: The Encyclopedia of Earth. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center, UK, 2014).

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Abstract:This study aims primarily at quantifying the magnitude of projected temperatures over Rwanda on seasonal and annual timescales for the period 1994-2050. The datasets for this period were generated by BCM2.0 for the SRES emissions scenario SRB1, CO2 concentration for the baseline scenario (2011-2030) using the stochastic weather generator (LARS-WG). Trend analysis of temperatures (minimum, maximum and average) for the period 1994-2050 was performed on projected daily temperature dataset. It was observed that on average, there will be a steady decline in the temperatures. The decreases in temperatures are expected especially during rainy seasons while the increases are predicted during dry seasons.
Key words: projection, temperature, trend, Rwanda.

[1]. Boko, M., Niang, I., Nyong, A., Vogel, C., Githeko, A., Medany, M., Osman-Elasha, B., Tabo, R. and Yanda, P., (2007). In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L. (eds). Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC report AR4, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 433-467.
[2]. Chamchati, H. and Bahir, M., (2011). Contribution of climate change on water resources in semi-aride areas; example of the Essaouita Basin (Morocco). Geographia Technica, 1:1-8.
[3]. Davis, S.J., Caldeira, K. and Matthews, H.D., (2010). Future CO2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure. Science, 329 (5997):1330-1333.
[4]. Del Río, S., Cano-Ortiz, A., Herrero, L. and Penas, A., (2012). Recent trends in mean maximum and minimum air temperatures over Spain (1961–2006). Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 109:605-625.
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Abstract: Crude oil has been found to contain various compounds, with corresponding properties and effect on the environment where they are found. This study seeks to investigate the crude oil fractions in the environments of Agbada community in Rivers State (an oil-rich state) and American University of Nigeria, Yola, Adamawa State both in Nigeria. The investigations were carried out using four samples namely: two soil and two water samples from the two study locations respectively.

[1]. A.A. Kadafa, Oil exploration and spillage in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Civil and Environmental Research, 2(3), 2012, 2222-2863 (Online).
[2]. L.C. Osuji, and A. Ozioma, Environmental degradation of polluting aromatics and aliphatics Hydrocarbons: A case study. Chemistry &Biodiversity, 4 (3), 424-430, 2007.
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Abstract: Biscuits were produced from blends of African yam bean flour and wheat flour. The African yam bean was sorted, soaked, dehulled, dried, milled and sieved into fine flour and used at various ratios (proportions). The sensory evaluation was carried out by ten (10) panelists using the sensory attributes such as taste, colour, aroma and general acceptability on a nine (9) point Hedonic scale. The sample coded 202 which contained wheat and African yam bean flour 90:10 was preferred very much because of taste, colour and aroma.

Keywords: biscuits, African yam bean flour, wheat flour and sensory evaluation

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Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in soils and selected plants (Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata; Maize, Zea mays; Milk leaf, Euphorbia heterophylla and Siam weed, Chromoleana odorata) around Fagbohun dumpsite, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria. Soils and plants samples were taken at 0 m, 50 m and 100 m sampling distances and control soil sampled taken from the adjacent farmland. The concentration of Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in the dumpsite soils showed to be generally lower than the permissible limits except Cd, implying a concerned pollution level.

[1]. S. Y. Nurul, M. P. Sarva, Z. A. Ahmad, N. S. I. Sharifah and H. Zailina, Health risk assessment of heavy metal in urban surface soil (Klang District, Malaysia). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 94 (5), 2015, DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1544-2
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Abstract: The assessment of microbial activity on meat sold at abattoir, markets and meat shop in Owerri municipal council was carried out. This research aimed to determine the level of microbial load or contamination on meat from these sources, to determine which organism (s) are likely involved in the contamination and deterioration and their effects on nutritional value of meat

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