IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2015

Abstract: Water is the main source for the development for all human beings, cattles and industries. From the history of the global system, we learn that in ancient days, perennial rivers become the major source of water and the people, who were far away from the river sources, practiced the utilization of ground water and stored rain water for their future purpose. In India ground water utilization has been practiced since many centuries. But at present, because of excess population and industrial developments the ground water is exploited to a great extent. Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water in surface or in under-ground aquifers before it is lost as surface run-off.

[1]. Anita Van Asperdt and Elmar Boesjes (2001) Rain water harvesting is a vital signs-case study – TWAD Board, Chennai Corporation website.
[2]. RWH Manual (2003) TWAD Rain Water Harvesting, Metro water CMDA Chennai Corporation Website.
[3]. David Cook (2004) "Drinking Rain water" File : vii c- 5/F/SS2/Drinking 20 Rain % 20 water –htm.
[4]. Global Stories (2004) Water and the Relationship with Society Centre for Science and Environment, website.
[5]. Hi Joe (2004) "Drinking Rain Water" File: viic-5/F/Ss2/Drinking 20 Rain % 20 water - htm.
[6]. "Rain water Harvesting". Tamilnadu State Government, India. Retrieved 23 January 2012.

Abstract:The effects of heavy metals on the histopathology gills of the fresh water bivalve L.marginalis was investigated. Samples were collected from the Godavari river at paithan. The bivalves were exposed to 1.6 ppm CuSO4, 0.6 Hgcl2 and 3.9 ppm Cdcl2 for 72 hours acute treatment. For chronic exposure were exposed to 0.82 ppm CuSO4, 0.32 ppm Hgcl2 and 1.95 ppm Cdcl2. Histopathological changes observed in the gills were edema and lifting of lamellar epithelia ,lamellar degeneration, necrotic changes in intercellular epithelial cells. This research simulate a reliable indicator of the aquatic ecosystem contamination and the possible negative impact of the surrounding environment

Keywords: Lamellidens marginalis, gills, histopathology heavy metals

[1]. Abdel-Moneim A. M., Al-Kahtani M. A., and Dlmenshawy O. M. (2012.) Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of Oreochromis niloticus from polluted wetland environments, Saudi Arabia. Chemosphere, 88: 1028- 1035
[2]. Abdel Nabi, I.M., ElShenawy, N.S., Taha, I.A. and Moawad, T.I. (2007) Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Bioconcentration of Reldan and Roubdup by Edible Clam Ruditapes decussatus. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 53, 910-920.
[3]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2003) For Fish and Shell-Fish Evaluation for (Isla) de vieqmes Bombiong Range Public Health Assessment (PHA).
[4]. Au, D.W. (2004) The Application of Histo-Cytopathological Biomarker in Marine Pollution Monitoring. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, 817-834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.032
[5]. Blasco, J. and Puppo, J. (2005) Effect of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cd and Pb) on Aspartate and Alanine Aminotransferase in Ruditapes philippinarum (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Comparative Biochemi stry and Physiology Part C, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 122, 253-263.

Abstract: Coal fly ash is an industrial waste from PLTU industrial activity, such as PLTU Asam-Asam lies in Kab. Tala from South Kalimantan Province which use coal as its fuel. Generally, fly ash would be thrown over landfill or being piled up within industrial area. Piling up of this coal fly ash in certain period would be highly accumulated in certain location and causing problem for environment due to its ash waste which is included in dangerous and toxic waste material (B3) thus creating problem for industry itself. Therefore, utilization effort for this fly ash is highly needed to improve its economy value and to reduce its negative effect toward environment.

[1]. Catalyst for clainsen-Schmidt Condensation Reaction, American chemical Science journal
[2]. Deepti Jain, Ash Rani (2011), MgO Enriched Coal Fly Ash as Highly Avctive heterogenous Base
[3]. Eko Dedy Setiawan, 2001, Menggunakan katalis Zeolit untuk mengurangi emisi gas buang pada motor bensin 4 langkah 1 silinder berbahan bakar bensin (Using a zeolite catalyst to reduce exhaust emissions in gasoline engine 1 cylinder 4 stroke gasoline)
[4]. Fuller, M. J and Warwick,M.E, 1976 The Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxid By CO Over SnO2 – CuO Gells". Journal of Catalysis. 42 p.418-424
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[6]. Kim, D.S and Wachs, I.E, 1993."Suface Chemistry of Suported Chromium Oxide Catalysts".Journal of Catalysis. 142. P.166-171

Abstract: An extract of Datura stramonium was screened for phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial assay against different bacterial species. The solvent used for extract preparation was methanol. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract shows presence of Alkaloids, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, Terpenoids, steroids and proteins. Agar well diffusion method was used for study of antimicrobial activity of leaf extract. Standard antibiotic (Azithromycin) and methanol were used as a positive and negative respectively. Leaf extract of Datura stramonium shows strong antimicrobial activity against bacterial species like Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Keywords: Datura stramonium, Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis, Agar well diffusion, Azithromycin

[1]. Fazal H, Ahmad N, Ullah I, Inayat H, Khan L, Haider B. Antibacterial potential in Parthenium hysterophorus, Stevia rebaudana and Ginkgo biloba. Pak. J. Bot 2011; 43(2): 1307-1313.
[2]. Yadav RNS and Munin Agarwala. Phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plants. Journal of Phytology 2011; 3(12): 10-14. (URL - http://journal- phytology.com/index.php/phyto/article/viewfile/9530/5167)
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[4]. Kumar, GS; Jayaveera, KN; Kumar, CK; Sanjay, UP; Swamy, BM and Kumar, DV (2007), "Antimicrobial effects of Indian medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria", Trop. J. Pharm. Res., Vol. 6, 717- 723.
[5]. Ramesh K. Satdive, Raghuram Chimata, Ajay Namdeo and Devanand P. Fulzele. In vitro screening for phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of poisonous plant Ficus tseila roxb. IJPBS 2012; 3(2): 213 221.
[6]. Radford AE, Ahles HE, and Bell CR. (1964). Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

Abstract: Fish protein concentrate (FPC) from catfish (Pangasius hypothalamus) is one of alternative ways to overcome malnutritional problems. Therefore, processing of FPC is well recognized as a protein source for supplying high protein of raw material food especially from fish.The aim of this research was to determine proper technology for processing of FPC from patin fish (Pangasius hypothalamus) and to analyze its nutrition content (proximate and amino acid profile) as a substituted raw material for high protein products. This research also aims to study storing effect on peroxide and water content of patin fish (Pangasius hypothalamus) protein concentrate under aluminum foil, capsule and glass bottle packaging.

[1]. Anonimus. 2008. Harian Riau Pos Bulan Maret. Media Riau Group. Pekanbaru.
[2]. Bertomuliawibawa, ujangsumarwan &Febriantinadewi (2014), customer satisfaction analysis for hydrovac Vaccine (case study on catfish farmers in kabuatenbogor). International journal of business &management , vol.2 issue 11.
[3]. O0MEN, H.A.P., (1953), infant malnutrition in Indonesia, world health org, bull.Org.mond. Santé Bull. 9,371-384
[4]. Dewita, Sukmiwati M, Syahrul. 2010. Pengaruh Perbandingan Kombinasi Tepung Rumput Laut (Keragenan) dan Terigu dalam Pembuatan Produk cracker. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian BERNAS 6(1): 25-32.
[5]. Dewita dan Syahrul. 2013. Diversifikasi Produk Snack Tortila Dengan Fortifikasi Konsentrat Protein Ikan Patin (Pangasius Hypophthalamus) Dan Aplikasinya Pada
[6]. Anak Balita. Prosiding Semnas MPHPI ke-5 2013 Semarang.

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of various dosages of gamma on rice seedling. Gamma irradiation was conducted at the Center for Application Technology Isotope and Radiation, National Nuclear Agency, Jakarta. Grains of RH (Ranggo Hitam local variety) and RM (Rangka Milama local variety) were irradiated by 60Co gamma at dosages of 100, 150, 200, and 250Gy. It was found that the RM was more sensitive than the RH. All of the observed variables underwent decreases following the gamma irradiation, in that they continued to decrease as the irradiation dosages was increased.

[1]. Kuswanto, Purplelong beans: Kacang Panjang Ungu (University of Brawijaya, Malang, 2012).
[2]. RD. Brock, R.D. Mutation Plant Breeding for Seed Protein Improvement. Proc. Seed Protein Improvement in Cereal and Grain Legumes. Symp IAEA/FAO/GSF, Vienna, 1979, 43-45.
[3]. H. Soeranto and TM. Nakanishi, Obtaining induced mutations of drought tolerance in sorghum. Journal Radioisotopes, 52(1), 2003,15-21.
[4]. H. Soeranto, Carkum, and Sihono. Improvement of wheat variety through mutation breeding. Proc. Coordination Meeting of Research and Development on Wheat, Jakarta, 2002
[5]. C Herison, Rustikawati, HS. Sujono, IA. Syarifah, Induksi mutasi melalui sinar gamma terhadap benih untuk meningkatkan keragaman populasi dasar jagung (Zea mays L.), Akta Agrosia 11(1), 2008, 57-62.

Abstract: The present study was carried out on 50 patients infected with suspected visceral leishmaniasis showed that the infection in males population was more than females population. Also, the study showed high percentage of disease was in patients with visceral leishmaniasis infection at age group 1 year to 3.11 months, when compared with other age group. And this study showed the rate of prevalence in January and February months compared with other months. Also this study indicated a decrease in hemoglobin ratio and white blood cells counts in patients whose infected with visceral leishmaniasis, compared with other groups. The data in this study showed decrease in packed cell volume in patients whose infected with this disease, compared with other groups, while the monocytes should increase within normal range. Finally the present study showed the significant correlation between white blood cells and hemoglobin concentration.

[1]. Herwaldt , B. L.(1999). Leishmaniasis. Lancet . , 354:1191–1199.
[2]. Arevalo, J.(2007).Influence of leishmania (viannia) species on the response to antimonial treatment in patients with American tegumentaryleishmaniasis. J. Infect. Dis., 195, 1846–1851. [3]. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. [4]. Desjeux P. (2001). "The increase of risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ,95 (3): 239–43. [5]. Jean, Francois .(1995). "Sudan: Speak no Evil, Do no Good"Life, Death and Aid: the MédecinsSansFrontières Report on World Crisis Intervention. [6]. World health organization. Communicable disease profile for Iraq –(2003).

Abstract: The objective of this research is to generate Rainfall IDF relationship for North-Western region of Bangladesh. Two common frequency analysis techniques Gumbel and Log Pearson Type III (LPTIII) distribution were used to develop IDF relationship from rainfall data of this region. Yearly maximum rainfall data for last 41 years (1974-2014) from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) was used in this study. Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) empirical reduction formula was used to estimate short duration rainfall intensity from yearly maximum rainfall data. Results obtained using Gumbel method are slightly higher than LPT III distribution method.

1]. Dupont, B.S., Allen, D.L.,Establishment of Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Precipitation in the Monsoon Area of Vietnam. Kentucky Transportation Center, College of Engineer, University of Kentucky in corporation with US Department of Transportation, 2006
[2]. Chow, V.T., Handbook of Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill Book, 1988.
[3]. Koutsoyiannis, D., On the appropriateness of the Gumbel distribution for modelling extreme rainfall, in: Proceedings of the ESF LESC Exploratory Workshop, Hydrological Risk: recent advances in peak river flow modelling, prediction and real-time forecasting, Assessment of the impacts of land-use and climate changes, European Science Foundation, National Research Council of Italy, University of Bologna, Bologna, October 2003.Koutsoyiannis, D., Kozonis, D., Manetas, A., 1998. A mathematical framework for studying rainfall intensity-duration- frequency relationships. J. Hydrol. 206, 118-135.

Abstract: The hilly area of Chittagong city is becoming vulnerable to landslide that causes casualties every year during monsoon. Applying questionnaire survey with 120 respondents, and secondary information, the study was carried out in two landslide prone sites located in Batali hill and Motijhrna area of Chittagong city to understand about general features of the hilly areas, and the socio-economic condition of the people living in those areas. Landslide is becoming awful day by day due to unplanned establishment of settlement, hill cutting, and devegetation and deforestation.

[1] Ahmed, B., Rahman, M.S., Rahman, S., Huq, F.F. and Ara, S. 2014. Landslide Inventory Report of Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (BUET-JIDPUS); Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. pp. 125.
[2] Boulle, P.L., Vrolijks and Palm, E. 1997. Vulnerability reduction for sustainable urban development. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 5(3): 179-188.
[3] Galli, M. and Guzzetti, F. 2007. Landslide vulnerability criteria: A case study from Umbria, central Italy. Environmental management, 40: 649-664.
[4] HDRC (Human Development Research Centre), 2009. Socio-economic baseline survey of Chittagong hill tracts. Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Facility, Funded by European Union. pp. 307.
[5] Isalm, M.S. 2008. Causes of landslides and mitigation, paper presented at the daily star Roundtable on Challenges of development: Hill cutting and landslide in Chittagong Bangladesh on 30 August 2008.

Abstract: This work reports methods to determine cadmium, iron and tin in home-made Brazilian sugar cane spirit, cachaça using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) employing matrix matching calibration and zirconium thermally deposited (520 g) as permanent modifier for iron and tin and none modifier use for cadmium. For Cd, Fe and Sn, the obtained charactetisc characteristic masses (1% absorption) were 0.2; 6.5 and 1.6 pg, with recommended characteristic masses of 0.5, 10 and 5 pg, respectively (Perkin Elmer, Newart, USA). The limits of detection (3, n=10) were 0.04 pg, 20 and 2.5 pg for Cd, Fe and Sn, respectively. Matrix matching calibration curves (aqueous solutions 40% v/v in ethanol) presented r2 (linear regression coefficient) greater than 0.999 for all analytes. Two samples of cachaça spiked with 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 μg L-1 showed recoveries from 90.2 to 112.5% for Cd. For iron, the spikes were 30, 60 and 90 μg L-1 and recoveries varied between 96.7 to 111.2%, while for tin samples spiked with 15, 25 and 35 μg L-1, recoveries varied between 86.4 to 118.8%.

[1]. H.G.L., Siebald, M.H. Canuto, G.M De Lima, J.B.B. Da Silva, Alguns aspectos toxicológicos da cachaça. Inf. Agropec. 23, 2002, 59-62. [2]. H.G.L. Siebald, M.H. Canuto, J.B.B. Da Silva, Alguns aspectos toxicológicos da cachaça. In. Agropec., 30, 2009, 55-59.
[3]. J. Descotes, Immuno-toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals, Amsterdam, Holand: Elsevier. (1988).
[4]. J.X. Han, Q. Shang, Review: effect of environmental cadmium pollution on human health. Health. 3, 2009, 159-166.
[5]. S. Oga, Fundamentos de Toxicologia, São Paulo, Brazil: Atheneu Editora. (1996).
[6]. F.A Azevedo, A.A.M. Chasin, Metais: Gerenciamento da Toxicidade. São Paulo, Brazil: Atheneu Editora. (2003).

Abstract: In this study, methodologies were developed for the determination of metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn) in sediments prepared as slurries, which were maintained homogeneous by the introduction of air supplied by an aquariam pump by GF AAS (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). The optimization of the pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were done through pyrolysis and atomization temperature curves using Ir, Rh, Ru, Zr, W and the condition with non-modifier use for generating each curve. To determine Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn in sediments by slurries, the sample was first dried, then crushed and sifted in a 65 μm sieve and weighed (~ 0,1 g) directly in the auto-sampler cup of the GF AAS, and finally, a 1 mL mixture of 3% H2O2 and 5% HNO3 was added.

[1] L. Dao, L. Morrison, G. Kiely, C. Zhang, G. M. Diely, Spatial distribution of potentially bioavailable metals in surface soils of a contaminated sports ground in Galway, Ireland, Environ Geochem Health. Available in http://www.ucc.ie/hydromet/files/LigangDao.2012.pdf (Accessed in 21/08/2015). [2] BRASIL. Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Resolução no344 de 25 de março de 2004. Publicada no D.O.U. de 07-05-2004. [3] C. Baird, Química Ambiental, Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2002. [4] Wincader and R. Reed, Fundamentos de Geologia. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 1ª ed., 2009. [5] B. F. Araújo, M. G. Almeida, M. S. M. B. Salomao, R. R. Gobo, V. C. Siqueira, A. R. Siqueira, C. E. Rezende, Distribuição de Hg total e suas associações com diferentes suportes geoquímicos em sedimentos marinhos da margem continental brasileira: Bacia de Campos – Rio de Janeiro. Quim. Nova, 33, 2010, 501-507. [6] A. Belo, S.P. Quináia, A.L. Pletsch, Avaliação da contaminação de metais em sedimentos superficiais das praias do Lago de Itaipu. Quim. Nova, 33, 2010, 613-617. [7] S. Shutar, A.K. Nema, M. Chabukdhara, S.K. Gupta, Assessment of metals in water and sediments of Hindon River, India: Impact of industrial and urban discharges. J. Hazard. Mater. 171, 2009, 1088-1095.

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of crude stem bark extract of Kigelia africana on local tissue damage in albino rats treated with Naja nigricollis venom. Lethal, myotoxic and edema- inducing effects were examined in rats using experiments involving co-injection and separate injection of venom and extract. The venom exhibited a mean lethal dose (LD50) of 1.634mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally (i.p) in rats. At a venom challenge dose of 3×LD50,the extract was effective in neutralizing these lethal effects with a median effective dose (ED50)of 83.18 mg/kg when the venom and extract were injected together. Separate injection of the extract, 5 and 10 min after the venom challenge, showed ED50 of 141.25 and 511.76 mg/kg respectively. In addition, the extract reduced significantly (ρ<0.05) myotoxic and edema-inducing activities of the venom evident by decreases in serum creatine kinase levels and footpad weight of rats respectively. The extents of neutralization of venom activities by extract were higher when venom and extract were co-injected than when injected separately. These results suggest that administration of K. africana extract may be useful in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation

Keywords: Snake venom; Naja nigricollis; Kigelia africana; Lethality; Myotoxicity and Edema

[1]. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the prevention and clinical management of snakebite in Africa, Brazzavile, WHO Regional Office for Africa. 2010.
[2]. Paramonte B. Snake bites in Nigeria, Medical Journal of Therapeutics Africa, 2007. 1(3), 222–226.
[3]. Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, De Silva N, Gunawardena NK, Pathmeswaran A, Premaratna R, Savioli L, Lalloo DG and Janka De Silva H. The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths, Public Library of Science-Medicine, 2008. 5. 232-237
[4]. Habib AG, Gebi UI and Onyenelukwe GC. Snakebite in Nigeria, African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2001. 30(3), 171–178.
[5]. Méndez I, Gutiérrez, JM, Angulo Y, Calvete JJ and Lomonte B. Comparative study of the cytolytic activity of snake venoms from African spitting cobras (Naja spp., Elapidae) and its neutralization by a polyspecific antivenom, Toxicon, 2011. 58, 558–564.

Abstract:The present study aimed to investigate the possible toxicological effects of the aqueous extract of Psychotria micophylla leaves on some haematological parameters of the Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed for 1, 3, 7, 10 and 15 days to four sub-lethal concentrations of the aqueous extract: 0, 0.016, 0.03 and 0.065 mg/l. During the study period, the haematological parameters of the fish including haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels were decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in fish exposed with the aqueous leaves extract, whereas WBC count was increased significantly (P<0.05). Therefore, exposure to P. microphylla leaves at sub-lethal concentrations induced haematological alterations in C. gariepinus.

[1]. Adeyemo, O.K. (2007). Haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7:163-169.
[2]. Baker, F.J. and Silverton, R. E. (1982). Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology, 5th ed. Butterworth Scientific London, 34-56.
[3]. El-Sayed, Y.S., Saad, T.T. and El-Bahr, S.M. (2007). Acute intoxication of deltamethrin in monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus with special reference to the clinical, biochemical and haematological effects. Environmental Toxicology of Pharmceuticals 24:212-217.
[4]. Fafioye, O.O.1 Adebisi, A.A. and Fagade, S.O. (2004). Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extracts on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. African Journal of Biotechnology , 3(11):627-630.
[5]. Habiba, B. (2012). Butachlor induced alterations in haematological parameters of Schizothorax niger Heckel. Dissertation of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) in Environmental Science. Department Of Environmental Science University Of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, J and K, India

Abstract:Soil and water samples were collected from a Lagos State Abattoir situated in Agege. The water samples collected for this purpose were tap water and wastewater from different sites of abattoir and the gutter where the workers dispose the waste water. Soil samples were collected from the sites where they dump the solid waste. The pH values of water and soil samples were in the range of 6.10-6.60 and 7.41-7.86 respectively. The Total Bacterial count (TBC) values of water samples and soil samples were in the range of 4.5x104- 2.5x109 cfu/ml and 9.0x107– 1.2x109cfu/g respectively. The TCC count for water samples were in the range of 14->1800 (MPN/100ml). The isolated fungi were species of Mucor,Aspergillus, Ventricillium, Rhizopus and Paecilomyces. The bacteria isolated from the collected samples were Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus sp., Listeria sp., Staphylococcus sp., Cornybacterium sp. and Klebsiella sp. Susceptibility test of some of the isolates revealed that most of the isolates are resistant to almost all the antibiotics tested. All the gram negative isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin.

Key words: Ofloxacin, Abattoir, TBC, TCC, Susceptibility.

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to assess the proximate and mineral composition of honey obtained from selected hives in Jos metropolis, Nigeria which is important in estimating the quality of honey based on their concentration. Twenty seven (27) samples from nine apiaries with three replicates in each were analysed. Three Local Government areas with three apiaries in each were studied. The proximate and mineral composition analysis of the sample was determined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005). From the results obtained, moisture and ash content was highly significant, Jos North had the highest moisture and ash content (10.39% and 1.67% respectively) while Jos East had the least moisture content with the appropriate ash content which had no significant difference with Jos South.

[1]. National Honey Board (2012): Carbohydrates and the sweetness of honey (http:///.honey.com/omages/downloads/carb.pdf).Langing
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Abstract: This study examined the comparative effect of exposure to inhalation of Kerosene, Diesel, Petrol and a mixture of kerosene, diesel and petrol on liver function of male albino rats. The serum liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP increased in all the test animals exposed to inhalation of the petroleum products when compared to the control. ALT increased significantly (p≤0.05) in group 4 (from 36.60 ± 2.41 to 41.80 ± 1.64 IU/L), but increased non-significantly in groups 2, 3 and 5 compared with the control (group 1). AST increased significantly (p≤0.05) in all the groups compared to the control with highest increase in the group exposed to diesel (from 17.40 ± 2.51 to 24.40 ± 3.71 IU/L).

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[2] M. Kato, M.L. Rocha, A.B. Carvallio, M.B. Chaves, M.C. Rana and P.C. Oliviera, Occupation exposure to neurotoxicant; preliminary survey in five industries of camacari petrochemical complex, Brazil Environ. Res. 61, 1993, 133-139.

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[5] M. George, and O.A. Adegoke, Effect of vitamin E on biochemical parameters in albino rats treated with gasoline. J Sci Res. 3, 2011, 641-649.

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