IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2016

Abstract: Concepts related to complexion particularly fairness often used interchangeably with pale skin, are associated with class-based hierarchies attributed to cultural commodification. The desire for fair skin in India is spurred by transnational influences wherein the significance of whiteness is formed by Western standards as well as traditional paradigms of beauty. The charm of models with varied Asian skin tones is increasingly replaced by the overarching popularity of Caucasian and fair-skinned models in the print media and television advertisements. The diversity of brown skins being visually dominant, Indian advertisements reflect the general aspiration for the appropriation of fair skin associated with Caucasians...........

Keywords: Advertisements, Fairness, Image, India, Skin-whitening products.

[1] BBC News (2003). India debates 'racist' skin cream ads. 24 July. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south asia/3089495.stm [Accessed 27 March 2016].
[2] Butler, J. (1993), Bodies That Matter, London: Routledge Colebrook, C. (2006), 'Introduction', Special issue on Beauty, Feminist Theory,7/2 Entwhistle, J. and Wissinger, E. (ed) (2012) Fashioning Models: Image, Text and Industry, London New York: Berg
[3] Gill, R (2003), 'From Sexual Objectification to Sexual Subjectification: The Resexualization of Women' Bodies in the Media, Feminist Media Studies, 3/1
[4] Goon, P. and Craven, A. (2003), 'Whose Debt? Globalization and Whitefacing in Asia', in Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context. Available at http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue9/gooncraven.html [Accessed March 15, 2014]
[5] Karnani, A. (2007), Doing Well by Doing Good - Case study: 'Fair & Lovely' Whitening Cream, Strategic Management Journal, Available at www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/smj.645, [Accessed 26 March 2016]

Abstract: The present paper endeavours to examine the key means through which particular effects or meanings are achieved in a piece of literary discourse, in the light of the application of functional linguistic models of analysis. Our linguistic scrutiny will not look at the text, but through the text to unveil its significance, bearing in mind that a linguistic study will not diminish the literary perception of a text.
The object of our study will be a short story by the New Zealand modernist writer Katherine Mansfield. A short story suits our goals for it is complete in itself..........

Key Words: "Miss Brill", Katherine Mansfield, short stories, stylistic analysis, systemic functional analysis"

[1] M. Toolan, Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction. London: Routledge, 1988.
[2] M. Toolan, Analysing conversation in fiction: an example from Joyce's Portrait, in R. Carter and P. Simpson (eds.), Language, Discourse and Literature. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
[3] M. Toolan, The Stylistics of Fiction. London: Routledge, 1990.
[4] M. Toolan, Language in Literature: An Introduction to Stylistics. London: Arnold, 1998.
[5] T.J. Taylor, Linguistic Theory and Structural Stylistics. Oxford: Pergamon, 1980.

Abstract: From Sophocles' Teiresias to Ola Rotimi's Baba Fakunle to J. P. Clark's Bou-Karakarabiri to Barclays Ayakoroma's Native Doctor who calls his god Okirigudagu, the role and position of the native doctor has not received much attention from dramatic critics and theatre theorists especially from the African continent. The place of native medicine in African worldview cannot be overemphasized in the life of the African people. Despite the coming of Christianity and Islam, indigenous religious practices are still very profound amongst African people. The 'Babalawo thing' as it is mostly called in Nigeria...........

Keywords – Native doctor, African Drama, Metaphysics

[1] Onyeama, Dillibe (1977). Juju, Northamptonshire: Satellite books, pp.11
[2] Adedeji, Joel (1987). 'Aesthetics of Soyinka's Theatre', In Adelugba D. (ed), Before Our Very Eyes. Ibadan: Spectrum books, pp. 121
[3] Ayakoroma, Barclays (2011). A Chance to Survive. Ibadan: Kraft Books pp. 46-49
[4] Parrot, Marc (2010). Macbeth, William Shakespeare, Online 10/Aug.2010<h//p: //www.shakespears online.com/plays/Macbeth (18/03/2016
[5] Clark, John Pepper(1982). Ozidi, Oxford University Press: London

Abstract: The Concept Of Organizational Culture Has Been A Subject Of Growing Interest Among Many Scholars Owing To Its Impact In Promoting Engagement And Organisational Performance. Yet It Still Lacks Sufficient Application In The Arab World Where Sociocultural Dynamics Based On Islam Tend To Be Unique In Comparison To The Western World. In Libya, This Has Been Further Complicated By The Ongoing Instabil-ity And Volatile Political Climate That Followed The Fall Of Gadhafi Regime..........

Key words :- Employee Engagement ,Organisational Culture, Technology , Leadership ,Motivation.

[1] Abdul Rashid, Z., Sambasivan, M., & Abdul Rahman, A. (2004). The Influence Of Organizational Culture On Atti-tudes Toward Organizational Change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(2), 161-179.
[2] Abukhzam, M., & Lee, A. (2010). Factors Affecting Bank Staff Attitude Towards E-Banking Adoption In Libya. The Electronic Journal Of Information Systems In Developing Countries, 42.
[3] Alimo-Metcalfe, B., & Alban-Metcalfe, J. (2009). Engaging Leadership: Creating Organisations That Maximise The Potential Of Their People: Cipd.
[4] Ancona, D., Malone, T. W., Orlikowski, W. J., & Senge, P. M. (2007). In Praise Of The Incomplete Leader. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 92-100, 156.
[5] Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational Leadership And Organizational Culture. Public Administra-tion Quarterly, 112-121.

Abstract: The main challenge confronting Africa today is poverty and the best approach to the continent's worse position is the economic dependence on western countries, which implies their political dependence as well. But even if, the essence of such a situation mounts to history, one should also agree that Africa's background history, marked with slavery and colonization, is not unique. The study on imperialism reveals that the United States of America, the most outstanding international power in almost every domain,..........

Keywords – African dependence – American Federal model – comparison of historical processes - OAU – African Union - federation

[1] Dumont,René (1974), L'Afrique Noire est mal partie, Ed. Seuil, Paris
[2] Kabu,Axelle (1991), Et si l'Afrique Refusait le Développement, Ed l'Harmattan, Paris
[3] 3-Ki-Zerbo J, (1986), Histoire de l'Afrique Noire, d'Hier à Demain, Paris, Hatier
[4] M'foulou,Jean (1986), L'OUA : Triomphe de l'unité ou des mentalités ?, Ed l'Harmattan, Paris

[5] Bowen, Catherine D (1966), Miracle at Philadelphia : the story of the ConstitutionalConvention, May to September 1787, New York, Little, Brown and

Abstract: Tourism is one of the fastest developing businesses globally, growing on an scale of 4-6 per cent annually (UNWTO, 2004). Originating from the Eurpoean tradition of the 'Grand Tour' in the mid-1800s, it has flourished on account of the revolution in the civil aviation industry, coupled with globalisation that pave wave for 'open skies' policy, as well as the emergence of the WTO that opened up borders for trade and commerce. In Kerala, it exposes the beautiful ecology - beaches, backwaters, lakes,...........

Key Words: Tourism, Women, Challenges, Prospects, Stigma

[1] Archer, B. H , Domestic Tourism as a Development Factor, Annals of Tourism Research,Vol. 5, 1978.
[2] Archer, B. H., The Values of Multipliers and their Policy Implications, Tourism Management,Vol. 3, 1982.
[3] Bagguley, P., Gender and Labour Flexibility in Hotel and Catering, Service Industries Journal, Vol. 10,1990.
[4] Cohen, E., , The Dynamics of Commericialised Arts: The Meo and Yeo of Northern Thailand, Journal of National Research Council of Thailand, Vol. 15,1983.
[5] Jafari, J.,The Social Cost of Tourism to the Developing Countries, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 1,1983.

Abstract: This journal tries to review how pilots themselves characterize a good pilot and airmanship on their daily duty as well as day to day life, and how safety is created by the practice of such knowledge. The purpose of this journal is to give a standardized understanding about the knowledge and the practice therefore of airmanship to achieve flight safety, subsequentlythat the pilot themselves or insiders' understanding of the concept of airmanship indicates that the formulation of the concept is very complex. Most of the pilots are defining airmanship based of the knowledge about flying an aircraft...........

Keywords: pilot, airmanship, flight safety

[1] Craig, P., A. 2012. The Killing Zone, How and why Pilot Die.Second Edition. McGraw Hill. Tennessee.
[2] Kern, T. 1997. Redifining Airmanship. McGraw Hill Professional. United States.
[3] Nrangwesti, A., 2011. Aspek Yuridis Normatif Tentang Pilot Pesawat Udara.Jurnal Hukum FH.UNISBA XII (1): 14.

[4] Bandura. 1997. Self Efficacy: The Exercise of control. W. H. Freeman. New York.

[5] Ebbage, L., dan Spencer P. D. 2003. Airmanship Training For Modern Aircrew. Bristol: BAE Systems.

Abstract: Fantastic genre that constructs a mysterious atmosphere with evoked thoughts such as indecision, horror, imagination and reality in the reader which aims to sell reader on its own world, carries the reader away who hesitates between the real and supernatural to an enigmatic world. In this study, Jan Potocki's The Manuscript Found in Saragossa which was written before his death in 1815 examined within the context of fantastic genre that is based on Tzvetan Todorov and Jean-Luc Steinmetz's determinations about fantastic genre who determines this genre's principles is centralized especially the Western literature...........

Keywords: The Manuscript Found In Saragossa, Jan Potocki, fantastic literature, supernatural.

[1] J. L. Steinmetz, Fantastik edebiyat (transl. Hasan Fehmi Nemli, Ankara: Dost Kitabevi, 2006).
[2] TDK. Türkçede batı kökenli kelimeler sözlüğü. http://tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_bati&arama=kelime&guid=TDK.BATI.5666d0cb45e7b8.05367925. Retrieved on: 16.01.2015.
[3] B. Moran, Türk romanına eleştirel bir bakış 3, Sevgi Soysal'dan Bilge Karasu'ya (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2007).
[4] T. Todorov, Fantastik, edebi türe yapısal bir yaklaşım (transl. Nedret Öztokat, İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2004).
[5] R. Jackson, Fantasy: the literature of subversion (London and New York: Methuen, 1981).