iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Abstract: This paper proposing a model for carrying light loads in forging industries. In industries like forging the job has to be carried between different units for various operations. The job carrying may be at high temperature and the job has to keep in the particular temperature for the forging purpose. The carrying of load and the placing of job over the hammer or to any other unit is a major factor. To reduce the time and the risk in transporting and placing the job over the hammer or to the furnace the carrier has a major role. By this paper I am proposing a model that help the workers to reduce their difficulty of transportation and to reduce the risk in placing the job over the hammer or in furnace.

Keywords: forging, carrier, furnace, transportation, temperature.

[1] Dr. Taylan Altan, Professor And Director, And Mayur Deshpande Erc For Net Shape Forming, The Ohio State University, "Selection Of Die Materials And Surface Treatments For Increasing Die Life In Hot And Warm Forging", Paper No 644-Fia Tech Conference, April 2011.M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.
[2] Markus Knobloch, Jacqueline Pauli, Mario Fontana, Influence of the strain-rate on the mechanical properties of mild carbon steel at elevated temperatures, Materials & Design, Volume 49, August 2013, Pages 553-565.
[3] Robert H. Harcout "Elementary Forge Practice", Textbook for Technical and Vocational Schools.
[4] Owain Pedgley, Materials Selection for Product Experience: New Thinking, New Tools, Fundamentals of Materials and Design, 2014, Pages 337–349.
[5] S. Sinaie, A. Heidarpour, X.L. Zhao, Mechanical properties of cyclically-damaged structural mild steel at elevated temperatures, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 52, 15 February 2014, Pages 465-472.
[6] S.P. Chiew, M.S. Zhao, C.K. Lee, Mechanical properties of heat-treated high strength steel under fire/post-fire conditions, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Volume 98, July 2014, Pages 12–19.

Abstract: A similitude has been obtained for a pitching oscillating Non planar wedge with attached bow shock at high angle of attack in hypersonic flow. A strip theory in which flow at a span wise location is two dimensional and independent of each other is being used. This combines with the similitude to lead to a onedimensional piston theory. Closed form of simple relations is obtained for stiffness and damping derivatives in pitch. The present theory is valid only when the shock wave is attached with the nose of the wedge. With the increase in semi vertex angle of the wedge the stiffness as well as the damping derivatives assumes a high value, and the center of pressure of the wedge also shift towards the trailing edge. Whereas, with the increase in Mach number both stiffness and damping derivative assumes lower values.

[1] Sychev, V. V, Three Dimensional Hypersonic Gas Flow Past Slender Bodies at High Angles of Attack, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 24, August 1960, pp. 296- 306.
[2] Light Hill, M. J., Oscillating Aerofoil at High Mach Numbers, Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 20, June 1953, pp. 402-406.
[3] Appleton, J. P. , Aerodynamic Pitching Derivatives of a wedge in Hypersonic Flow, AIAA Journal, Vol. 2, November 1964, pp. 2034-2036.
[4] Mc Inthosh, S. C., Jr., Studies in Unsteady Hypersonic Flow Theory, Ph.D. Dissertation Stanford Univ., California, Aug. 1965.
[5] Hui, W.H., Stability of Oscillating Wedges and Caret Wings in Hypersonic and Supersonic Flows, AIAA Journal, Vol. 7, Aug. 1969, pp. 1524-1530.
[6] Ericsson, L. E., Viscous and Elastic Perturbation Effects on Hypersonic Unsteady Airfoil Aerodynamics, AIAA Journal , Vol. 15 Oct. 1977, pp. 1481-1490.

Abstract:Road failures may be caused by many factors. In Batu Pahat district, open channel system is adopted and built on Batu Pahat Soft Soil and may be a crucial factor to probable damage of the rural roads structure. This study is focused on the drainage system for rural roads in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat. The type of damages is observed and the causes are identified. Recommendations on the best method are made to improve the effectiveness of current drainage system. Both site and laboratory geotechnical testing are carried out to analyze the causes of failure to the drainage system. Laboratory testing such as sieve analysis, moisture content, Atterberg limit, specific gravity and shear strength are conducted.

[[1]. Abdul Rahim bin Awang. (2005). Keupayaan Galas Tanah Liat Lembut Bertetulang Menggunakan Gabungan Buluh-Geotekstil. Master Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[2]. Azman bin Hasan. (1999). Analisis Kerosakan Turapan Jalan Kampung Di Dalam Daerah Batu Pahat Dan Peyimpanan Data Cerapan Dengan Perisian Viroads. Institut Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn, Bachelor Dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[3]. Brand, E.W. and Brenner, R.P. (1981). Soft Clay Engineering. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
[4]. Craig, R.F. (1993). Mekanik Tanah. Terjemahan Soil Mechanics oleh Aminaton Marto, Fatimah Mohd Noor, dan Fauziah Kasim Edisi ke-4. Unit Penerbitan Akademik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[5]. Dzulkarnain bin Razak. (2007). Effect of Temperature to Soil Stabilized With Lime. Bachelor Dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[6]. Flodin, N. and Broms, B. (1981). Historical Development of Civil Engineering in soft clays. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company

Abstract: In this paper effects of different dosage of a typical vacuum residue (VR) on rheological properties of low viscosity bituminous binder are investigated. Detailed rheological studies were performed using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Four approaches were used to investigate the temperature susceptibility of binders. Temperature susceptibility decreases with increase in VR percentage in VG10 showing high penetration index (PI), low viscosity-temperature susceptibility (VTS) and high penetration-viscosity number (PVN). Isochronal and isothermal graphs are plotted for different blends. From this study, it has been concluded that with the incorporation of VR in VG10, resistance to rutting in bituminous roads increases. VR modified bitumen shall perform better in high tempertaure climate.

[[1]. Roberts, F. L., P. S. Kandhal, D. Lee, and T. W. Kennedy. 1996. "Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture, Design, and Construction," 2ndEdition, Napa Education Foundation, Lanham, Maryland (USA).
[2]. Soleymani, H. R., H. Zhai, and H. Bahia. 2004. "Role of Modified Binders in Rheology and Damage Resistance Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures," Transportation Research Record: Journal of Transportation Research Board, No. 1875, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. (USA). 70-79.
[3]. Airey, G.D. Chapter 23: Bitumen Properties and Test Methods. ICE Manual of Construction Materials, Institution of Civil Engineers, UK, 2009.
[4]. Barnes, H.A., Hutton, J.F. and Walters, K. An Introduction to Rheology, Volume 3.Netherland; Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V., 1989.
[5]. Airey, G.D. Rheological Characteristics of Polymer Modified and Aged Bitumens. PhD Thesis, the University of Nottingham, 1997.Engineering in soft clays. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company

Abstract: The Fossil fuels play an important role in the world energy market. The World Energy Outlook claims that energy generated from fossil fuels will remain the major source. Population of the world increases day by day and living standard of the people will improve, there will be a shortage of source of energy. So researchers are continuously trying to find out the best alternative fuel. As an alternative fuel, Bio fuel required for becoming the fuel source for the future. With the use of Bio fuel there is no more modification is required in Existing engine. This study shows the comparison of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using diesel and biodiesel as palm seed oil with various proportions by volume (B10, B20, and B30). And in this research paper we briefly discuss replacement of fossil fuel with palm seed oil and diesel and its effect on the engine performance and emission characteristics.
Keywords: Diesel Engine, Palm seed oil, Exhaust Gas Analyzer.

[1] M.A. Kalam, H.H. Masjuki, M.H. Jayed, A.M. Liaquat, "Optimizing Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil'' journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy, Energy 36 (2011) 397-402.
[2] H. Sharon, K. Karuppasamy, D.R. Soban Kumar, "A test on DI diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of used palm oil'' journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy, Renewable Energy 47 (2012) 160-166.
[3] I.M. Rizwanul Fattah , H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M. Mofijur, M.J. Abedin, "Effect of antioxidant on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends'' journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy, Energy Conversion and Management 79 (2014) 265–272.
[4] R.Prakash, R. K.Singh, and S.Murugan, "Experimental Studies on a Diesel Engine Fueled with Wood Pyrolysis Oil Diesel Emulsions'', International Journl of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Dec2011, Vol. 2, No. 6
[5] K. Sivaramakrishnan & P. Ravikumar, "Performance optimization of karanja biodiesel engine using taguchi approach and multiple regressions'' ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, April2012, Vol.7.No.4,PP. 506-516.

Abstract:The present study about the experimental investigates on the Performance and Emission of Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel engine under the influence of magnetic field. The influence of magnetic field on the engine performance parameters such as specific fuel consumption, break thermal efficiency, exhausts emissions etc. by applying the magnetic field along the fuel line immediately before fuel injector. The strong permanent magnet of strength 9000 gauss is applied to fuel line for magnetic field. At different engine load conditions the experiments are conducted. An exhaust gas analyzer is used to measure the exhaust gas emissions such as CO, CO2, HC and NOX. With the application of magnetic field the percentage reduction in fuel consumption is about 8% at higher load, the percentage reduction in HC and NOX is about 32% and 27 % respectively. The CO emission gets reduced with the application of magnetic field at higher load. The percentage reduction in CO2 emissions is reduced about 11% at average of all loads with the effect of magnetic field.
Keywords: Efficiency, Emission, Exhaust gas analyzer, Magnetic Fuel Energizer.

[1] Kevin Kendall ∗, Maria R. Kosseva, Nanoparticle aggregation influenced by magnetic fields, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 286 (2006) 112–116
[2] P. Govindasamy and S. Dhandapani,"Experimental Investigation of Cyclic Variation of Combustion Parameters in Catalytically Activated and Magnetically Energized Two-stroke SI Engine". Journal of scientific and industrial research vol.66, 2007;pp-457-463
[3] Farrag A.El Fatih, 2Gad M.saber, Effect of Fuel Magnetism on Engine Performance and Emissions, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(12): 6354-6358, 2010 ISSN 1991-8178
[4] Shweta Jain, Prof. Dr. Suhas Deshmukh,2012 Experimental Investigation of Magnetic Fuel Conditioner (M.F.C) in I.C. engine, ISSN: 2250-3021 Volume 2, Issue 7 (July 2012), PP 27-31
[5] Ali S. Faris, Saadi K. Al-Naseri, Nather Jamal, Raed Isse, Mezher Abed, Zainab Fouad, Akeel Kazim, Nihad Reheem, Ali Chaloob, Hazim Mohammad, Hayder Jasim, Jaafar Sadeq, Ali Salim, Aws Abas, Effects of Magnetic Field on Fuel Consumption and Exhaust, Emissions in Two-Stroke Engine, Energy Procedia 18 ( 2012 ) 327 – 338 www.sciencedirect.com

Abstract: : The present paper deals with the numerical study of horizontal laminar flow ventilation system for surgical site in hospital. When the orientation of supplies openings and exhausts are altered, the performance of ventilation system in terms of effectiveness of removal of contaminated particles is also affected. In this investigation, the performance of new horizontal Single Sided Supply and Exhaust (SSSE) ventilation system have been evaluated and compared withconventional Vertical Unidirectional (Laminar) ventilation system using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique.
It has beenobserved that contaminant control is found more effective in the case of SSSE horizontal ventilating system over the Vertical Unidirectional ventilation system. It is so happened because the airflow pattern over the critical area of surgery is not affected by the overhead obstacle i.e., surgical lamp. Investigation also reveals that the thermal plume induced by the surgical wound and the surgical lamp, is not counteracted by the supply airflow pattern, which plays an important roll in positive way.
Keywords:entilation system, Airflow pattern, Infection control, surgical site infection, CFD, Single Sided Supply and Exhaust (SSSE) ventilation system.

[1] Health care facilities. In: ASHRAE handbook. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers; 1999 [chapter 7].
[2] Humphreys H. Infection control and the design of a new operating theatre suite. The Journal of Hospital Infection 1993;23(1):61–70.
[3] Sehulster L, Chinn R, Guidelines for environmental infection control in health- care facilities : Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2003; 52(10):1–42. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5210a1.htm.
[4] Monika W, Joseph V, te phane M. Diagonal air-distribution system for operating rooms: experiment and modeling. Building and Environment2004;39(10):1171–8.
[5] Ling J, Study on ventilation system of operating room, School of EnvironmentScience and Technology, Tianjin University; 2005 [in Chinese].

Abstract: The concept of water addition to the IC engine has been around for over 50 years. Diesel engines are nominated for highly emission producer like NOx, CO, CO2 and HC. These emissions are highly depending upon the combustion chamber temperature which is exceeding up to 750 K. Therefore by controlling peak combustion chamber temperature NOx formation can be controlled effectively. The latent heat of evaporation of water is 2256 kJ/kg. In the study, water injection method is applied to a Single cylinder diesel engine to control NOx emissions. Water injected in intake manifold of diesel engine is by using calibrated burette. For Constant compression ratio, 9, 16, 38ml/min water mass supply to engine. Results are observed for 1 to 8 load condition. The obtained results are compared with conventional diesel engine in terms of NOx, CO, CO2, HC emissions. In the experimental results, it is determined that the engine NOx,decreased and CO, CO2, HC increased.
Keywords: Diesel engine, Water injection, Engine Emission, NOx, Fumigation

[1] Exhaust odor and smoke reduction of stationary DI diesel engines to acceptable level by water-scrubbing and air-dilution system. www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy,13 January 2011
[2] Theoretical and experimental investigation of diesel engine with steam injection system on performance and emission parameters. www.elsevier.com/locate/apthermeng, 9 February 2013.
[3] Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems, www.elsevier.com/locate/cis. Available online 27 June 2006.
[4] Effect of Diesel and Water Co-injection with Real-Time Control on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions. SAE TECHNICALPAPER SERIES, 2008-01-1190.
[5] Nilamkumar s patel, Tushar m patel "performance characterization of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with sesame oil - diesel and its blend with ethanol" Vol. 1 Issue 4, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, ISSN: 2278-0181,June – 2012..

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to introduce "Combined Core Pillar Concept" for earthquake resistant design of a building . A 12 storey building model of height 43m is taken in which this concept is applied .All other methods which has been used in this model are - building with friction isolator (FI) , with rubber bearing (RB) , with shearwall (fixed base), with shearwall having base as rubber bearing and friction isolator, with cross bracing & with k-type bracing . A comparative study of the model with these different techniques is done with the help of software SAP 2000.The method used for the analysis is RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD . Here the design spectra recommended by Indian Standard Code IS 1893-2002(PART I) is used. From comparative study the Combined Core Pillar concept is found to be most effective.

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