iosr-JMCE   Volume-23 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2026

Abstract: The cement industry contributes approximately 8% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, making supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) an environmental priority. Fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) are industrial and agricultural by-products with well-documented pozzolanic properties and large global availability. This review synthesises literature on the individual and combined use of FA and RHA as partial replacements for...

Keywords: Fly ash; Rice husk ash; Supplementary cementitious materials; Ternary blends; Pozzolanic reaction; Durability; Sustainability

[1]. Mehta, P.K., & Monteiro, P.J.M. (2014). Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, And Materials. 4th Ed. Mcgraw-Hill Education.
[2]. Habert, G., Et Al. (2020). Environmental Impacts And Decarbonization Strategies In The Cement And Concrete Industries. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(11), 559-573.
[3]. Andrew, R.M. (2019). Global CO2 Emissions From Cement Production. Earth System Science Data, 11(4), 1675-1710.
[4]. Malhotra, V.M., & Mehta, P.K. (2008). High-Performance, High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete. 3rd Ed. Supplementary Cementing Materials For Sustainable Development Inc., Ottawa.
[5]. Yalcin, S., & Sevinc, A.H. (2016). Rice Husk And Rice Husk Ash: A Review. J. Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture Of Gazi University, 31(3), 785-796.

Abstract: There is a need for the cities to get smarter through the application of innovative solutions with advanced and smart technology to address large-scale urbanization challenges and find new ways for creating live-able, competitive and self-reliant cities around the globe. Today the use of advanced and smart technology presents many distinct hopes along with significant challenges. Those prospects included transforming industries, agricultural and service sectors by improving daily life with sustainability. These technologies develop smart homes, smart...

Keywords: the high-tech era. Keywords:

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