iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract:Background: Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the Government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid1. According to the poverty report by planning commission of Government of India headed by Shri S. D. Tendulkar constituted to estimate poverty, reported that nearly 38% of India's population (380 million) is poor2. The BPL cards are distributed after identifying the households based on population based surveys1. A recent study conducted by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) in six states found that 40% of the BPL cards havke been issued to people who are above the poverty line (APL).The state-level analysis suggests that the extent of misuse of BPL card is highest in Andhra Pradesh followed by Karnataka and Kerala3

[1]. Below poverty line [internet].2000. available from www.wikipedia.org
[2]. Ram F, Mohanthy S K, Ram U. Understanding the distribution of BPL cards: All India and selected states. Economic and Political Weekly 2009;(114/1).
[3]. Alkire S, Seth S. Determining BPL status: some methodological improvement. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative Conference. 2008; New Delhi. [internet] Available from http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/OPHI-RP-7a.pdf
[4]. RohitA,Patil P S, Dixit U R, Chowthi J V. Utilization Of Government Health Services And Schemes By Rural BPL Families. Unpublished Thesis SDMCMSH; Darward: 2012
[5]. D Rajashekar, Berg E, Ghatak M, Manjula R, Roy S. as Implementing Health Insurance: The Rollout of RashtriyaSwasthyaBimaYojana in Karnataka. Economic and Political weekly.2011; 41(20): 56- 63
[6]. Snehalatha M, Anitha V. Total Sanitation Campaign - Progress and Issues. WASHCost - CESS Working Paper No.11; 2011

Abstract: The incidence of oesophageal cancers rising in the society due to rapid urbanization, increased tobacco smoking , consumption of tobacco leaves , betel nut ,panparag,jarda chewing,alchol consumption, and another important factor is Iron deficiency anaemia due to nutritional imbalance and the incidence is more in females, and highly prevalent in low socioeconomic condition . Here are the cases of Dysphagia reported in The Department of Gastroenterology,Guntur Medical college , Guntur, among which the esophageal cancer though stands less in the census made in 2009-2014 makes hihest mortality than other cases .

Keywords: Dysphagia, Esophageal cancer; Endoscopic findings Materials & Methods

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Abstract: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in El-Hag Yousif area, Khartoum, Sudan to measure the prevalence of night blindness in children. A total of 272 children were selected from four clusters in the study area using simple random sample technique. The diagnosis of night blindness was based on World Health Organization criterion which is identifying the blind children by lack of vision or inability to see well at night or in dim light. The prevalence of night blindness among children was 2.6%. The prevalence in females was 1.5%, males 1.1%, and in children less than 4 years was 4.2%. No statistical association found between night blindness and child sex and age. There was statistical significance of lack of vitamin A supplementation on prevalence of night blindness (Relative Risk = 4.732, 95% Confidence Interval from 1.337 to 16.749). The study concluded that the prevalence of night blindness was high and application of vitamin A supplementary was rapidly needed to prevent increasing of the problem.

Key Words: prevalence, night, blindness, vitamin A, children, Sudan.

[1] M. O. Swar, I. Alhaj, A. M. Osman, (2014), Vitamin A-rich porridge for Boarding Khalwa students with night blindness, Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics; 14(1), 2014, 45 – 50.
[2] S. M. Ali, H. O. El Hag, Factors Influencing Anemia and Night Blindness among Children Less than Five Years Old (0 - 4.11 Years) in Khartoum State, Suda, International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 1(7), 2013, 189-201.
[3] WHO. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995–2005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency (Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009).
[4] A. Tagelsir, A. E. Khogli, N. M. Nurelhuda, Oral health of visually impaired schoolchildren in hartoum State, Sudan, BMC Oral Health, 2013, 13:33
[5] D. S. Mclaren, M. Frigg, Sight and Life Guidebook on Vitamin A in Health and Disease, 2nd ed. Switzerland ,Task Force, 2001)

Abstract: Industrialization in developing countries brings alterations in the life and if appropriate safety measures are not adopted it can lead serious health consequences. Occupational environment may affect the health of people in the working area. Occupational accidents are major occupational hazards in the industries. A pre experimental study was conducted on 60 factory workers of Kapsons industries of district Jalandhar. The knowledge and practice of the workers was assessed before and after giving structured teaching programme regarding occupational hazards and its safety measures with structured questionnaire and observational checklist..

[1]. Hafiz 0. Al~med, Knowledge And Practices Related To Occupational Hazards Among Cement WorkersIn UnitedArab Emirates:j.Egypt, Public Health Association 2010 vol.85 ;3-4,
[2]. Gulani K.K ,Community health nursing principles and Practices. 1st ed ,Delhi: Kumar publishers;2008 : 327-330.
[3]. Rena Metha .Occupational hazards caused in textile printing operations.en.wikipedia.org/.../Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration.
[4]. L.Frank. Occupational health and safety .www.answer .com/main /what _content.jsp.
[5]. Asish Kumar Mandal , Strategies and policies deteriorate occupational health situation in India: A review based on social determinant framework, Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2009 December; 13(3): 113–120.

Abstract: Families of children with a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy go through significant challenges in dealing with the condition. Few studies have examined the situations especially in the socio-cultural scenario that is unique to India, looking into the gender difference in the challenges. Hence, the aim of the present study was to identify the gender difference in psychosocial challenges in care giving for caregivers of children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). A cross sectional descriptive study was performed among the caregivers of 60 children with DMD (All Males, Mean age 8.60; SD 1.76) who were attending the neuromuscular disorders clinic of a national tertiary referral center for Neurological disorders.

[1]. Abi Daoud, M., Dooley, J.M. and Gordon, K.E. (2004). Depression in parents of children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Pediatric Neurology, 31, 16-19.
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[3]. Boyer, F., Drame, M., Morrone, I., and Novella, J. L. (2006). Factors relating to carer burden for families of persons with muscular dystrophy. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 38, 309 – 315.
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[5]. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., and Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283.

Abstract: A descriptive case study illustrates the experience of 42 years old male with Schizophrenia, with various clinical features are rehabilitated by the Occupational Therapist using therapy methods and techniques on the basis of both in patient and out patient. The plan for the therapy is to motivate the person to engage in typing and improve his functional skills and make him to independent in all areas. After the intervention the improvement seen in the self-care, work and leisure.

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Abstract: The present article deals with the status of CD4 count and effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in clients attending the ART and VCTC at Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh. It is a retrospective cross-sectional record-based study for two years of follow-up. According to the present study, 139 subjects have taken ART aged up to 50 years. Out of 139 patients, 106 (76.3%) were males; while 33 (23.7%) were females. It has shown that, there is a significant change (t = 2.18, p < 0.05) between the baseline CD4 count of male and female subjects. Majority of the patients in our study had shown CD4 count ranging between 101 - 200 cells/cmm and the mean rise in CD4 count is 325.4 cells/cmm after 6 months of ART. So, a significant increase was observed in CD4 count (p<0.05) from baseline to follow up in the study patients.

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Abstract: Information Technologies have created a Quantum leap in the fields of work development, Efficiency, Accuracy and increasing productivity. Computer and Internet were invested to execute numerous charts that used to be performed traditionally. Countries became more competitive about accomplishing people's daily life tasks through the World Wide Web. As a result of implementing Technology in executing the work and serving different types of services, the E-Management occurred in some of the countries that made this implementation a banner to serve its citizens regardless of their geographical location, standard of living or any other consideration, offering each individual the accessibility to the Internet, eliminating the so called "Digital Divide Line",

[1]. Ephraim Torian, James and Yathrib, Ephraim McLean, information technology in support of corporate governance, satisfaction of the Publishing House, Beirut, 2000.
[2]. Hassan Nazir Hrstana, the management of hospitals in Saudi Arabia, the Institute of Public Administration, Riyadh.
[3]. Hanan Abdel Rahim, continuous quality improvement in health organizations, public administration, 240 patrol period, 1421.
[4]. Khalid bin Saad, total quality management applications on the health sector, Riyadh, 1418.
[5]. administrative patrol, No. Ninety-first, December 2002, the Sultanate of Oman.

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of Anemia among school going children of selected slum schools of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Anemia is a common problem throughout the world and iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world. It affects mainly the poorest segment of the population. An exclusive review of literature helped in preparation of data collection tools to assess the level of hemoglobin among school children.This study was conducted at the selected schools of slum area in Bhubaneswar.

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[3]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for school health programs to promote lifelong healthy eating. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996;45(RR-9):1–41.
[4]. Swain RA, Kaplan B, Montgomery E. Iron deficiency anemia: when is parenteral therapy warranted? Postgrad Med. 1996;100:181–93.
[5]. Ghai ,O.P.,Gupta piyush, Paul V.k.Ghai"Esential pediatric;Published by O.P.Ghai,2004.

Abstract: Information Technologies have created a Quantum leap in the fields of work development, Efficiency, Accuracy and increasing productivity. Computer and Internet were invested to execute numerous charts that used to be performed traditionally. Countries became more competitive about accomplishing people's daily life tasks through the World Wide Web. As a result of implementing Technology in executing the work and serving different types of services, the E-Management occurred in some of the countries that made this implementation a banner to serve its citizens regardless of their geographical location, standard of living or any other consideration, offering each individual the accessibility to the Internet, eliminating the so called "Digital Divide Line",

[1]. Ephraim Torian, James and Yathrib, Ephraim McLean, information technology in support of corporate governance, satisfaction of the Publishing House, Beirut, 2000.
[2]. Hassan Nazir Hrstana, the management of hospitals in Saudi Arabia, the Institute of Public Administration, Riyadh.
[3]. Hanan Abdel Rahim, continuous quality improvement in health organizations, public administration, 240 patrol period, 1421.
[4]. Khalid bin Saad, total quality management applications on the health sector, Riyadh, 1418.
[5]. administrative patrol, No. Ninety-first, December 2002, the Sultanate of Oman.

Abstract: Antioxidant has been the important approaches to reduce the development of cancer disease and play a role as a protective against liver toxicity. Channastriatus (haruan) have been used traditionally oral remedy for wound healing among women after child birth. However, there is little scientific evidence or research yet regarding the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity of C.striatus. Thus, the aims of this study are to determine potential total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective effect of C.striatus (Haruan) extract. For this present study, aqueous and lipid extract of was prepared using chloroform and methanol solvent in a ratio of 2:1. Folin-Ciocalteu was used to quantify TPC and three antioxidant assays were used to determine antioxidant activity, including 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing ability of power (FRAP). For cell viability assay, HepG2 cell lines were seeded in 96-well plates and were treated with various concentration of aqueous extract of C.striatus, AECS (0, 0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml) at 24, 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay has been used to measure HepG2 viability by using ELISA microplate reader.

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