Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2017

Abstract: Air Transportation is the easiest and most comfortable means of travel in Indonesia. Air service are available to all provincial district capitals and other remote areas operated by an Indonesian airlines. There are at least 27 domestic scheduled airlines4 and at least 8 (eight) charter airlines.5 Garuda Indonesia, the national flag air carrier, operates on both international and domestic routes. It serves 33 cities including all the provincial capital. It has several daily flights from Jakarta to destination of commercial and touristic importance.6 In addition, it also operates shuttle flight to Surabaya and Semarang several time a day. Special for visitors Garuda Indonesia has introduced Visit Indonesia Air Passes which offers special fares on its domestic flights.7 Bali is served by Garuda and Qantas and since 1986 Garuda

[1]. LCJ Lehtonen, The Bilateral Air Transport Agreement of Finland: A Study in Public International Air Law, (LLM Thesis, McGill University Institute of Air and Space Law, 1977.
[2]. Martono and Amad Sudiro.,Current Air Transport Regulation in Indonesia (2013) XXXVIII Ann. Air & Sp.L.at 55.
[3]. Michael Milde., Annals of Air and Space Law Vol.XVIII-1993-Part II. Toronto : The Carswell Company Ltd, 1993.
[4]. Paul Steven Dempsey., Annals of Air and Space Law, (2005) Vol. XXX-Part I. Toronto : The Carswell Company Ltd, 2005.

Abstract: The interated 'sum' versus 'product' operation concept recently introduced by Balaban-Khadikar-Sufia yielding newly introduced F and G indices, has been used for proposing most significant QSAR model for modeling anti inflammatory activity of phenol. Results are discussed on the basis of well known statistical parameters.

Keywords: QSAR, anti inflammatory activity, phenols

[1]. Topliss, J.G.; Edward, R.P. Chance factor in studies of quantitative Structure Activity Relationships. J. Med. Chem., 1979, 22, pp.1238-1244.
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Abstract: 2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (2) which prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2H- coumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine mixture consider a good and available starting intermediate for synthesis of series of functionalized coumarins. So, compound (2) was utilized as a key for the synthesis of some new (pyrazole, triazole)-2H- coumarin-2-one derivatives by the reaction with some selected reagents.

Keywords: (pyrazole, triazole)-coumarin-2-one derivatives. The structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectral analysis.

[1]. Ellis, G. P. 1977, Coumarins, Chromanones, and Chromones. The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds; Wiley: New York, Vol. 31.
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[4]. William, K.; Shailaja, K.; Songchun, J.; Hong, Z.; Jianghong, Z.; Shaojuan, J.; Lifen, X.; Candace, C.; Re ´al, D.; Nancy, B.; Louis, V.; Sylvie, C.; Jennifer, D.; Giorgio, A.; Denis, L.; Serge, L.; Henriette, G.; Ben, T.; John, D.; Sui, X. C., 2005, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 4745.
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Abstract: Compound (2) was prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with ethylcyanoacetate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine as catalyst. Compound (2) is the key intermediate for the synthesis of several series of new compounds such as ((pyrimidine, tetrazine, piperidine, oxazepine)-2H-coumarin-2-one derivatives by reaction with selected reagents such as urea, cyanoacetamide, cyanoacetohydrazide, orthoaminophenol and 5-aminotriazole.

Keywords: (pyrimidine, tetrazine, piperdine, oxazepine)-2H-coumarin-2-one derivatives.

[1]. Nicolaou, K.C.; Pfefferkorn, J.A.; Roecker, A.J.; Cao, G.Q.; Barluenga, S.; Mitchell, H.J.; J. Am., 2000, Chem. Soc., 122, 9939 – 9953.
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[5]. O'Kennedy, R., 1997, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Abstract: Here are presented the data of GC / MS, ICP / MS, UV, STA studies of Azerbaijanoil from the Gunashli field in the Caspian Sea. According to the data of chromatography-mass spectroscopy, the relative distribution of n-alkanes of oil was determined to calculate the naphthenic oil passport from various horizons and depths. It is shown that oil is of paraffin-naphthenic type, hydrocarbon composition of oil samples varies depending on the horizon and the depth of occurrence. Oil is characterized as light, average catagenetic transformation and refers to the glandular type.............

Keywords: Oil biomarkers, diagenetic transformation, GC / MS, ICP / MS,oil

[1]. Мартынова Г.С., Максакова О.П., Нанаджанова Р.Г.., Али-заде А.Э., Мухтарова Х.З. Геохимическая дифференциация нефти месторождения Гюнешли. East European Scientific Journal N9, 2016, p.120-127.
[2]. ГлумовИ. Ф., МаловицкийЯ. П., НовиковА. А., СенинБ. В.. Региональная геология и нефтегазоносность Каспийского моря. — М.: ООО «Недра-Бизнесцентр», 2004, 342 с.

[3]. Гордадзе Г.Н., Гируц М.В., Кошелев В.Н.. Органическая геохимия углеводородов. 2013. РГУ Москва. Книга 2, с.61-63.
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[5]. Peters K.E., Walters C.C., Moldovan J.M. The Biomarker Guide, 2nd Edition. Vol. I. Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History. Cambridge University Press. – 2005. – 471 p; Vol. II. Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. – 2005. – 679 p.

Abstract: This research includes synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives of quinazolinone and studying the possibility for their application as surfactants. The preparation process started by the reaction of pentadecanoyl chloride with anthranilic acid gave 2-pentadecyl-4H-benzo[3,1]oxazin-4-one [1] which was used as starting material to synthesis some heterocyclic compounds by a reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles. Compound [1] as starting material reacted by three ways. The first way react Compound [1] with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and phenylsemicarbazide.............

Keywords: Quinazolinone derivatives, surface active agent, nonionic surfactant

[1]. El-Sayed. R. (Surface active properties and biological activity of novel nonionic surfactants containing pyrimidines and related nitrogen heterocyclic ring systems) Grasas Y Aceites, 59 (2), 110-120, (2008).
[2]. Mohamed, A and Ahmed, M. (Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline-4(3H)-ones derivatives) Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(5):275-279(2013).
[3]. Redhab A.J Alfraiji, Suaad M.H. Al-Majidi (Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity for New Heterocyclic Derivatives Containing Pentagonal, HexagonalRings) Iraqi Journal of Science, (4B), 55:1694-1707 (2014).
[4]. Fadi, S.E. Nashwa, M., Eman, A., and Gihan, G. (New quinazolinone pyrimidine hybrid: synthesis, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenicity studies), Eur J Med Chem..,53, 141-149 (2012).
[5]. Convindaraj, Y., Karthikeyan,V.S., Melanaphura,V., , Setal, G..(Synthesis and In-vivo Anticancer Screening of [(Bis-2- chloro ethyl) Amino] Amino] Methyl]-6-8-Dinito-1- (4-substitued Ethyl) - H- quinazoline-4-one derivative). Academica Jornal of Cancer Research 2, 73-77 (2009).

Abstract: Due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, quality of water was deteriorated in most towns of the country. These changes make or forced the community to depend on unsafe and poor water consumption. River Gudar is one of the rivers found in towns of the country, and exposed to many anthropogenic activities done around the town. Importance of river Gudar is strongly linked to Domestic consumption, Irrigation, Industrial (HAEF) and other public health. Under the investigation physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals for the quality of river Gudar for drinking purpose were characterized............

Keywords: Flame AAS, Drinking water, physicochemical parameters, UV-Vis

[1]. M., Stanley E. "Front matter" Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry 2nd edition (Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC , 2001), 394-
395
[2]. WHO (2001), Guidelines, Standards and Health: Assessment of risk and risk management for water-related infectious disease,
Geneva
[3]. S.D. Jadhav, D.G. Kanase, R.W. Iawale, M.S. Jadhav, Physico-chemical assessment of Krishna river at karad, satara district
(Maharashtra), 1-2, 2006.
[4]. U. J. Bosco, A.O. Nnaji and P.I. Ejimmaduekwu, Preliminary Assessment of Some Physicochemical Parameters During Dredging
of Nworie River, Owerri, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10 (3): 269-273, 2011.
[5]. O. Meena, A. Garg, M. Singh, and R. Pandey, Determination of Toxic Trace Metals Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn in Soil by Polarographic
Method, International Journal of Chem Tech Research 3(2), 599-604, 2011

Abstract: In the present study, Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Frutis and Seeds (PSCFS) was used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of methyleneblue (MB) from aqueous solution at various temperatures and concentrations. Six kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, Elovich, Bangham and Avrami equations were used to predict the adsorption rate constants. It was found that the kinetics of the adsorption of MB onto PSCFS at different operating conditions was the best described by the pseudo-second-order model............

Keywords: Adsorption, Thermodynamic, Kinetic, Plant, Raw material

[1]. V. Gupta, A.I. Suhas, V. Saini, (2004). Removal of rhodamine B, fast green, and methylene blue from wastewater using red mud, an aluminum industry waste, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 43(7), 2004, 1740-1747.
[2]. J.O. Hao, H. Kim, P.C.Chiang, Decolourization of wastewater. Critical Review in Environmental Science and Technology, 30(4), 2000, 449-505.
[3]. T.K. Sen, S. Afroze, H. Ang, Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption onto pine cone biomass of Pinus radiata, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 218(1), 2011, 499-515.
[4]. M. M. Abd EI-Latif, A.M. Ibrahim, M.F. EI-Kady, Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using biopolymer oak sawdust composite, Journal of American Science 6(6), 2010, 267-283.
[5]. S. Dawood, T.K. Sen, Removal of anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution by raw pine and acid-treated pine cone powder as adsorbent: equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetics, mechanism and process design. Water Research, 46(6), 2012, 1933-1946.

Abstract: Graphene-based nanocomposite have significant applicability in catalysis, electronics, medicine, and energy. In this report silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) - nanocomposite was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal process using silver nitrate as a precursor. Under hydrothermal process Graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), without using chemical reagents. As synthesized (Ag-RGO) nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV Vis-spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy............

Keywords: Nanocomposite, hydrothermal, antibacterial, antioxidant, Ag-RGO.

[1]. Xiaoyan L, Feifeng W, Qinrong Q, Xingpin L. Liren X, Qinghua C. Mater Lett 2012; 66: 370-373.
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[4]. D.Chu, Y.Zeng, D.Jiang, Hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of Pb2þ doped ZnO nanorods,Materials Letters 60 (2006) 2783–2785.
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Abstract: Natural fiber extracted from Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) fibers were treated with alkaline and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) —acetone solution at various concentrations for different soaking time. In order to identify the effect of this chemical modification on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the fiber, Instron testing machine and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used. Mechanical properties test results reveals that chemical treatment substantially improve the strength of treated fiber and increase it bulk density. Optimum tensile strength of 690Mpa was obtained after treatment;............

Keywords: Alkaline, Mechanical properties, Natural fiber, Plantain fiber, Potassium permanganate

[1]. John M. J., Thomas S.: Biofibers and biocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers 71, 2008, 343–364.
[2]. Yousif B. F., Shalwan A., Chin C. W., Ming K. C. :Flexural properties of treated and untreated kenaf/epoxy composites, Materials & Design, 40, 2012. 378-385
[3]. Rokbi M., Osmani H., Imad A., Benseddiq N.: Effect of Chemical treatment on Flexure Properties of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polyester Composite, Procedia Engineering, 10, 2011, 2092-2097.
[4]. Bachtiar D., Sapuan S.M., Hamdan M.M. :The effect of alkaline treatment on tensile properties of sugar palm fiber reinforced epoxy composites, Materials & Design, 29, 2008, 1285-1290.
[5]. Kalia S, Kaith B S, Kaur I.: Pretreatments of natural fibres and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—A review. Polymer Engineering Science, 49, 2009, 1253-1272.

Abstract: In this study deals with the isolation of natural dyes from hibiscus rosa sinensis and marigold flowers. There are different methods are used to synthesis the natural dyes on each flower. Then they are analysed by GC-MS, UV-Visible and IR Spectroscopy instrumental analysis. The instrument anlaysis reveals the structural conformation of natural dye collected from each dye. The mordant are important chemical component which is used to add with natural dye to enhance the colour strength of natural dye collected from the above flowers. In this project we use the alum, potassium dichromate, copper............

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Abstract: From the above review it can be concluded that nanocomposite coatings represent the state of art in coatings today. The high hardness of the nanocomposite coatings, especially in nc-AlTiN/a-Si3N4 is mainly due to the phase segregation process that forms c-AlTiN rich phase and a-Si3N4 rich domains. The three dimensional skeletal structure of silicon nitride and the nanocrystalline grains of metal nitrides reduce and hinder the movement of dislocation. Several studies have been carried out to study the oxidation behaviour. However there is still a need to study the wear mechanism and behaviour of these coatings under dry machining in hard cut materials such Austenitic stainless steel, titanium alloys etc...

Keywords: Nanocomposite coatings, hardness, oxidation resistance, wear resistance

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