Volume-10 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2017

Abstract: An attempt has made to study the influence of NaCl on the micellar behaviour of some cationic surfactants by conductivity measurements. With increase in concentration of salt, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTABr) decreases. For example, the CMCs of CTABr in 0.5,1, 2.5 and 5mM solutions of NaCl were 0.95, 0.89, 0.70, 0.51 respectively. The degree of dissociation i.e. β and Gibbs free energy of micellization, ΔGomic, was also determined for each CMC value.

Key Words: Cetyltrimethyl ammoniumbromide, Cetylkonium chloride(CKC), CMC, KCl, micellization.

[1]. Rosen, m.j and Kunjappu, J.T., "Surfactants and interfacial phenomena(4th ed.)." Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p.1.2010.
[2]. Kosswig, K., "Surfactants" in Ullman's encyclopaedia of industrial chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim,2005
[3]. Harley, G.S., J. Phys. Chem. B, 46, 14955, 2010.
[4]. Kuliszewska. E., Brecker. L., J Surfact Deterg, 17, 951, 2014.
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[6]. Kosswig, K.; "Surfactants" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005.

Abstract: The increasing use of starch as alternative raw material for petroleum based chemical has been creating pressure on the food chain as most starches are obtained from food sources like cassava. There is therefore need to secure alternative starch source from non-edible underutilized plant materials. This study seeks evaluate the suitability of starch extracted from wild bitter yam (DioscoreadumetorumPax) for industrial applications, by comparing its physicochemical properties with that of cassava starch. Results revealed that bitter yam starch has relatively better physicochemical parameters...........

Key Words: Bitter yam, Cassava, starch, physicochemical properties, and industrial applications

[1]. T. Noda, T. Kimura, M. Otani, O. Ideta, T.Shimada, A. Saito, and I. Suda, Physicochemical properties of amylose-free starch from transgenic sweet potato. Carbohydrate Polymers. 49 (3), 2002, 253-260.
[2]. K. Kitahara, K. Hamasuna, K. Nozuma, M. Otani, T. Hamada, T. Shimada, K. Fujita, and T. Suganuma, Physicochemical properties of amylose-free and high-amylose starches from transgenic sweet potatoes modified by RNA interference. Carbohydrate. Polymers. 69(2), 2007, 233-240.
[3]. S. Gomand, L. Lamberts, R. Visser, and J. Delcour, Physicochemical properties of potato and cassava starches and their mutants in relation to their structural properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 24 (4), 2010, 424-433
[4]. M. Omojola, Y. Akinkunmi, K. Olufunsho, H. Egharevba, E. Martins, Isolation and physico-chemical characterization of cola starch. African Journal of food, agriculture, nutrition and development. 10(7), 2010, 2884 – 900.
[5]. S. Jobling, Improving starch for food and industrial applications. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 7(2), 2004, 210 - 218.

Abstract: Microparticles were prepared using Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (Floating Water Pennywort) and subsequently used as adsorbent for Cd(II) from aqueous solution in batch systems. The optimum conditions for Cd (II) adsorption were investigated by varying the parameters: initial Cd (II) concentration, pH value, contact time, and adsorbent dose. It was shown that the optimum parameters for Cd(II) adsorption were pH 5.0, dosage 2 g/L, initial Cd (II) concentration 50 mg/L and contact time 240 minutes. The results showed a Langmuir maximum adsorption value of 20.41 mg/g and a separation factor between 0.72 and 0.91, suggesting a feasible adsorption process. An E value of 5.59 kJ/mol which was obtained...........

Key Words: Batch adsorption, Cadmium adsorption, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, physical adsorption

[1]. H.G. Gorchev, G. Ozolins, WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality., WHO Chronicle. 38 (2011) 104–108. doi:10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00006-6.
[2]. C. Mahamadi, R. Chapeyama, Determination of cadmium, lead, nickel, and zinc in Micropterus salmoides and Oreochromis niloticus by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. (2013). doi:10.1080/02772248.2012.752490.
[3]. a H. Siwela, C.B. Nyathi, Y.S. Naik, A comparison of metal levels and antioxidant enzymes in freshwater snails, Lymnaea natalensis, exposed to sediment and water collected from Wright Dam and Lower Mguza Dam, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe., Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 73 (2010) 1728–32. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.001.
[4]. M.L. Meck, J. Atlhopheng, W.R.L. Masamba, S. Ringrose, Pollution implications of Save River water from weathering and dissolution of metal hosting minerals at Dorowa phosphate mine, Zimbabwe, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 35 (2010) 679–685. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2010.08.003.
[5]. M. STOJANOVIC, Z. LOPIČIĆ1, J. MILOJKOVIĆ, Č. LAČNJEVAC, M. MIHAJLOVIĆ, M. PETROVIĆ, A. KOSTIĆ, Biomass waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering pollutants, ZAŠTITA MATERIJALA. 53 (2012) 231–237.

Abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Avocado (Persea Americana) fruits are rich in bioactive molecules that protect human cells against the detrimental effect of free radicals. The phytochemical analysis revealed the Presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and flavonoids in both fruits. The free radical scavenging activity using total antioxidant capacity of the phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide method were carried out on the water extracts of mango and avocado fruits. The order of antioxidant potential according to phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide method was found to be higher in Mangifera indica L. than in Persea americana............

Key Words: Antioxidant, Avocado, phytochemicals and Mango

[1]. K. Abbasi, N. Anjum, S.Sammi, T. Masud, and S. Ali, Effect of coatings and packaging material on the keeping quality of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) stored at low temperature. Pakistan J. Nutr., 10, 2011, 129-138.
[2]. C.M. Ajila, S.G. Bhat, and Rao, Valuable Components of Raw and Ripe Peels from Two Indian Mango Varieties. Food Chem., 102, 2007, 1006-1011.
[3]. P. Hernandez, P.C. Rodriguez, R. Delgado, and H. Walczak, Protective Effect of Mangifera indica L. Polyphenols on Human T Lymphocytes against Activation Induced Cell Death. Pharmacological Res., 55, 2007, 167-173.
[4]. S.S.Percival, S.T. Talcott, S.T. Chin, A.C.Mallak, A. Lounds-Singleton, and J. Pettit-Moore, Neoplastic Transformation of BALB/3T3 Cells and Cell Cycle of HL-60 Cells are Inhibited by Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Juice and Mango Juice Extracts. The Journal of Nutr., 136, 2006, 1300-1304.
[5]. American Dietetic Association. (ADA). Position of The American Dietetic Association: functional foods. Journal of the American Dietetic Asso., 99, 1999, 1278-1285..

Abstract: Celite supported silver carbonate was prepared by the general procedure. 2,4,6- trimethyl phenol was oxidized with silver carbonate by refluxing the mixture in benzene for 2h which ultimately formed 3,3' 5,5'-tetramethyl stilbenequinone in 93% yield. After that stilbenequinone was reduced with zinc dust and acetic acid which ultimately formed 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethyl-4,4' dihydroxystilbene as yellow crystals. 3,3', 5,5'-tetramethyl dihydroxystilbene was then treated with methacryloyl chloride in THF solvent medium for 50h at room temperature which formed 3,3' 5,5'-tetramethyl -4,4'-dimethacryloyl oxy stilbene.........

Key Words: 3,3' 5,5'-tetramethyl stilbenequinone, 3,3' 5,5'-tetramethyl -4,4'-dihydroxy stilbene, 3,3' 5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-dimethacryloyloxy stilbene, copolymerization

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Abstract: Objective: The aim of this work was to construct novel hydrazones and thiosemsicarbazide derivatives of valproic acid. The new targets will be evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and cytotoxicity effects.
Methods: Targets 7a-k, 10. 11 were synthesized starting from valproic acid using benzotriazole activation and hydrazide and thiosemicarbazide chemistry. The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures modes using sodium valproate as a standard for comparison of the activity. The compounds with high anticonvulsant activity were subsequently examined for cytotoxicity against HepG2 by MTT assay...........

Key Words: Hydrazones, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, anticonvulsant and anticancer

[1]. Nadkarni S, LaJoie J, Devinsky O. Current treatments of epilepsy: Neurology. AAN Enterprises 2005;64(12 suppl 3):S2–11.
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Abstract: This study is based on samples taken during the periods January, June, November of the year 2014 and the month of March of the year 20015 at the surface water level of the Oued in different stations along a section extending from the dike of sidi daoui to the mouth of the estuary. These samples were analyzed using the water quality assessment techniques described by Rodier (2009) and the recommendations of the World Health Organization. This study concerns the analysis of physico-chemical parameters (T °, pH, electrical conductivity, PO43-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, NO2- and NO3-)...........

Key Words: ..........

[1]. H. Taouil, S. Ibn Ahmed1, A. El Assyry, N. Hajjaji, A. Srhiri , 2013 - Water quality evaluation of the river Tislit-Talsint (East Morocco). J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 4 (4) 502-509
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Abstract: The analytical method of Taguchi was carried out for interpreting leaching results obtained from overall feed of Cu-Co tailings in order to determine the optimal operatory conditions using mathematical model. The orthogonal matrix L25 (53) (OA, 3 factors with 5 levels) was performed to evaluate the effects of particle size (+12,5;.+6,3;+2,3;+2,3 +1,7;-1,7 mm), initial acidity (A = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g/L), flow rate (T = 15;17,5;20;22,5 and 25 L/h/m2) on the metals dissolution rate (Cu and Co).The ANOVA statistical analysis was also used for determining the different interactions between monitored parameters. The experimental results of copper and cobalt dissolutions have showed that under optimal conditions (-1.7mm, 30g/L, 25L/h/m2) for copper and cobalt, the yield leaching was respectively 89.1% and 61,35%),particle size is in interaction with acidity for copper leaching while acidity is also in interaction with the cobalt flow rate.

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Abstract: A study was carried out to assess the ground water quality of urban area of Moradabad, a developing industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. The water samples were collected from bore wells, tube wells and hand pumps in research area. Various physico–chemical parameters were analysed. The pH value was in proximity to benchmarked NPI index value i.e. 1.0, while the NPI value for total alkalinity was found to be above one. The NPI values for calcium, magnesium, phosphate, chlorides, total dissolved solids, total hardness and nitrate were far below the critical NPI value of 1.00.

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Abstract: Nanocrystalline V2O5 thin films were deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering at various substrate temperatures keeping O2 to Ar ratio at 1:8. The microstructural features were studied by XRD and Raman measurements while the surface topography and grain size of the films by AFM. The films deposited at 250 ˚C exhibited predominant (001) orientation representing the orthorhombic crystal structure with Pmmn space group. The observation of well resolved vanadyle mode at 993 cm-1 and very strong vibrational mode at 142cm-1 in Raman spectrum confirms the formation of layered like structure...........

Key Words: V2O5 thin films, DC-magnetron sputtering, electrochemical properties.

[1]. B.Purusottam Reddy, K. Sivajee Ganesh, O. M. Hussain, Growth, microstructure and supercapacitive performance of copper oxide thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, Applied Physics A (2016)122:128.
[2]. Wei Tang , Yusong Zhu, Yuyang Hou, Lili Liu, Yuping Wu, Kian Ping Loh, Hanping Zhang and Kai Zhu, Aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries as an energy storage system of superfast charging, Energy Environ, Sci., 2013, 6, 2093-2104.
[3]. Minghao Yu, Teng Zhai, Xihong Lu, Xiaojun Chen, Shilei Xie, Wei Li, Chaolun Liang, Wenxia Zhao, Liping Zhang, Yexiang Tong, Manganese dioxide nanorod arrays on carbon fabric for flexible solidstate supercapacitors, Journal of Power Sources 239(2013)64-71.
[4]. Zhitong Li, Guoxue Liu, Min Guo, Liang-Xin Ding, Suqing Wang, Electrospun porous vanadium pentoxide nanotubes as a high-performance cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, Electrochimica Acta 173 (2015) 131-138.
[5]. Huanqiao Song, Cuiping Zhang, Yaguang Liu, Chaofeng Liu, Xihui Nan, Guozhong Cao Facile synthesis of mesoporous V2O5 nanosheets with superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability for lithium ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 294 (2015) 1-7.

Abstract: The inhibitory behavior of Piper guineense leaves extract and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract on corrosion of mild steel in 2.5M HCl solution, are comparatively studied using gravimetrical and gasometrical methods respectively. The results obtained showed that both Piper guineense leaves extract and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract efficiently inhibit corrosion of mild steel in concentrated corrosive medium. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the extract concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. Both plant extracts showed almost 100% inhibition efficiency at concentration of 0.5g/l............

Key Words: Piper guineense, Vernonia amygdalina, Corrosion inhibition, Adsorption, Physisorption.

[1]. Okafor, P.C., Osabor, V.I., and Ebenso, E.E., (2007), Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors: inhibitive action of ethanol extracts of Garcinia kola for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 solutions, Pigment& Resin technology, 36(5): 299-305.
[2]. Umoren S.A., Obot I.B., Ebenso E.E., Okafor P.C., Ogbobe O., and Oguzie E.E (2006), Gum Arabic as a potential corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in alkaline medium and its adsorption characteristics, Anti-Corr Meth and Mater, 53 (5): 277-282
[3]. Umoren S.A., Ebenso E.E., (2007), The synergistic effect of polyacrylamide and iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4, Mater. Chem. Phys. 106, 2, 387-393.
[4]. Ibisi N. E., Okoroafor D. O. and Ogu C., (2015), Voacanga africana as green inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in corrosive environment. Time Journals of Engineering and Physical Sciences., 3, 1:63-69.
[5]. Ibisi N.E., and Okoroafor D.O., (2016), Senna alata acid extract as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor in acidic medium, International Journal for Research in Applied Chemistry, 2 (4): 15- 31

Abstract: The Objective of this project was to develop biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymers using starch blended with polyethylene (PE) by extrusion where starch content ranged between 0 and 15%. The samples of varying compositions were molded into plates and films. A portion of the specimens were exposed to sunlight and the rest buried underground. The deterioration of the starch-polyethlene composites following exposure was determined by measuring changes in tensile properties, flexural properties, SEM imaging and FT-IR analysis of the samples. The mechanical properties of these samples were assessed to determine their feasibility as a packaging material..........

Key Words: Biodegradable, starch, polyethylene (PE), environment friendly

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[2]. Abdelkader Dehbi a,b,*, Amar Bouaza a, Ahmed Hamou b, Boulos Youssef c, Jean Marc Saiter c Materials and Design 31 (2010) 864–869.
[3]. Allen NS, Adge M, Houldsworth D, Rahman A, Catalina F, Fontan E, et al. Ageing and spectroscopic properties of polyethylenes: comparison with metallocene polymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2000;67:57–67

[4]. Anne-Charlotte Eliasson (2004). Starch in food: Structure, function and applications. Woodhead Publishing.
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Abstract: Elements such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) are essential elements for human being, these elements occur in cereals which are important food in Libyan population diet. The present study was carried out to determine concentrations of trace metals and evaluate the potential health risk of metal to humans via consumption of cereals. Cereal samples from Libya were digested using nitric acid and by microwave digester then trace elements concentrations in cereal samples were determined by using ICP-MS instrument. Daily intakes of Co, Cr, Mo and Se from all cereals consumption were 19.4, 93, 261 and 34.7 μg/day, respectively. The RDA was used to estimate daily intakes of these elements. Daily intake of Mo exceeded of RDA by 2 fold. More investigations should be done for daily intake of trace elements in Libyan population for cereals and other food consumption.

Key Words: Libya, cereals, trace elements, ICP-MS, daily intakes.

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Abstract: Series of tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-N, N-dimethylformamidine derivatives were synthesized from 2-amino-4, 5, 6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile. The new derivatives were checked good antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, and A. Niger microbes.

Key Words: Dimethylformamidine, 2-amino-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile Antimicrobial activity

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Abstract: Twenty one water samples were collected and analysed for dissoved ions and microbial coliforms from selected sites of the Upper Athi River sub-catchment basin. The metal ions analysed included Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb and Zn while anions included Cl-, CO32-/HCO3-, F-, NO2-/NO3- and SO42- as well as faecal coliforms. Physical parameters analysed included pH, electrical conductivity (EC) turbidity, total dissolved solids and colour. The analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, titrimetric, ion selective electrode, gravimetric and lactose broth methods..........

Key Words: Anions, coliforms, ground water, heavy metals, Upper Athi

[1] Aguide to the use of biota, sediments and water in Environmental monitoring, 2007: Edited by Deborah Chapman published by Taylor & Francis group New York and London, 2nd Edition.
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Abstract: This study has been conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) in ten commonly used vegetables and fruits available in local market of jagdalpur. (Bastar) Comparing the results of heavy metals in vegetables and fruits by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, (Thermo scientific Pvt. Ltd. India Model No. AA 303) double beam with their respective natural level. Fe concentration varied considerably in spinach, tomato, cauliflower and lady finger are crossed permissible limits. Copper concentration in cauliflower, spinach, apple, grapes are below than the safe limit. Overall, this study indicates that the vegetables and fruits sample are contaminated by toxic heavy metals.

Key Words: Heavy metals, fruits, vegetables,

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