IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-10 ~ OCT-2017

ABSTRACT: Afield experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the department of field crops, Agri.of college ,Univ.of Baghdad-Abu Graib during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015season,to study the effect of foliar application stages and concentrations on growth and grain yield of oat and it components .Factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted .The first treatment was foliar application stages at the beginning the vegetative growth and beginning the flowering ,while the second treatment the concentrations of leaf fertilizer which consist (N,P,K,S,Fe,Cu,B,Mg,Mn,Zn) with concentrations (1000,2000,3000...........

Keywords: oat, foliar application, vegetative growth ,flowering ,activated leaf fertilizer .

[1]. Abu-Dahi,Y.M.and M.A.AL-Younis .1880.Plant Nutration .Hand Book .Ministry of higher Education and Scientific Research .Univ.of Baghdad .pp:411.
[2]. Abu-Dahi,Y.M.,A.Lahmood and G.M.AL-Kawaz .2001. Effect of foliar application on maize yield and compounnents . Iraqi J.ofSoil.Sci.1(1):122-138. [3]. AL-Jumaely ,M.A.H. 2001. Effect of nutrient solution ( AL-Nahrein) foliar ,sowing data and heat accumulation on growth and yield for two green pea cultivars .M.sc.Agriculture of College .University of Baghdad .
[4]. AL-Zubidi A.H.2000. Effect of potassium on agricultural production .The first Scientific symposium for Sci.J.(111).
[5]. AL-Saady,E.L.R.2006. Effect of nitrogen ,sulphur and number of cutting on yield and green forageand grains quality for barly crop Hordeumvulgare Ph.D. Agri.of College .Univ.of Bagdad .

ABSTRACT: This study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of some chemical fortifications to control the pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani infecting cowpea roots. F.solani isolation and identification were confirmed on PDA medium and microscopic examination. Calcium sulfate treatment showed the highest inhibition percentage up to 25.87%on mycelium growth at the concentration of 9%.Whereas, perlite treatments scored 14.28% growth inhibition at the same concentration. All chemical fortifications added significantly reduced F.solani infection on cowpea plants showing significant differences compared to pathogenic fungus alone treatment.The infection severities of CaSO4 treatment were 60.00, 55.00 and 36.67%at concentrations 3,6 and 9%respectively.While, they were, 61.66, 51.66 and 26.67..............

Keywords: Fusarium solani, CaSO4 , perlite , infection severity

[1]. Saremi,H., Okhovvat,S.M., and Ashrafi,S.J.2011.Fusarium diseases as the main soil borne fungal pathogen on plants and their control management with soil sollarization in Iran. African journal of Biotechnology vol.10(80).pp.18391-18398.
[2]. Saremi,H.,2005.Fusarium ,biology ,ecology and taxonomy .jihad Daneshgahi, Ferdossy Mashhad University.Iran,p.152.
[3]. Jones, J. P. and Woltz S. S. 1967. Fusarium wilt (Race 2) of tomato: Effect of lime and micronutrient soil amendments on disease development. Plant Disease Reported 51:645-648.
[4]. Everett ,P. H. and Blazquez, C. H.1967.Influnce of lime on the development of Fusarium wilt of watermelons. Fla. State Hort. Soc..143-148.
[5]. D. M., Halsall and R. I. Forrester, 1977. Effects of certain cations on the formation and infectivity of Phytophthora zoospores.1. Effects of calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron ions. Can. J. Microbiol.23:994-1001..

ABSTRACT: It is necessary to analyze the concentration of aroma volatiles in beer since the volatile compounds are very important factors determining the quality of final product. In this article, a simple, reliable, and sensitive static headspace-capillary gas chromatography spectrometry (HS-GC) method was developed in quantificating volatile compounds in beer of extruded rice as adjunct volatile compounds, i.e. acetaldehyde, N-propanol, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate were separated and quantificated from beer using HS-GC. The proposed method showed excellent analytical characteristics of repeatability, recovery, accuracy, and limit of detections. HS-GC method was strongly recommended in determining the volatile compounds in beer.

[1]. A. Gilmare, D. Silva, A. Fabio, and J. P. Ronei, "Exploratory analysis of the volatile profile of beers by HS–SPME–GC," Food
Chemistry, vol. 111, pp. 1057-1063, 2008.
[2]. C. Supat, J. Kamolwan, J. Anuvat, W.Phaisan, and W. Ray, "Effect of extrusion conditions on physical and chemical properties of high
protein glutinous rice-based snack," LWT - Food Science and Technology, vol. 42, pp. 781-787, 2009.
[3]. R. S. Kadan, R. J. Bryant, and A. B. Pepperman, "Functional properties of extruded rice flours," Cereal Chemistry, vol. 68,
pp.1669-1672, 2003.
[4]. B. Demuyakor and Y. Ohta, "Characteristics of single and mixed culture fermentation of Pito beer," Journal of the Science of Food and

[5]. B. Vanderhaegen, F. Delvaux., L. Daenen., H. Verachtert, and F.R. Delvaux, "Aging characteristics of different beer types," Food Chemistry, vol. 103, pp. 404-412, 2007...

ABSTRACT: To study the effect of organic fertilization (poultry manure) and mineral fertilization (potassium sulphate) in the mineral transformations of yellow maize rhizosphere, three plates were planted with Zea maize seeds in one of the private farmers' farms located in Al-Qadisiyah / Diwaniyah / Daghara / in a sedimentary soil with Silt Clay Loam and with three treatments, the first without fertilization and the second included the addition of mineral fertilizer (potassium sulphate) in the amount of 225 kg. K. ha-1 and the last included the addition of organic fertilizer (poultry manure) in the amount of 7.5 tons. ha-1. For the purpose of X-ray analysis, soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere for the three samples after physiological maturity of the crop. X-ray analysis proved the presence of mineral transformations.............

Keywords: Fertilization, Mineral transformations, Rhizosphere, X-ray.

[1]. Ali, N. S., Rahi, H. S., & Shaker, A. A. (2014). Soil Fertility (Vol. First Edition). Baghdad, Iraq: Dar Al Kuttab Scientific for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
[2]. Bot, A., &Benites, J. (2005). The importance of soil organic matter: key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food production (No. 80). Food & Agriculture Org.
[3]. Al-Delfi, H. F. K. (2013). Role of organic residues waste in reduce the effect of irrigation water salinity on soil properties and Corn (Zea mays L.). Master Thesis. College of agriculture - University of Basra.
[4]. Song, S., Lehne, P., Le, J., Ge, T., & Huang, D. (2009). Yield, fruit quality and nitrogen uptake of organically and conventionally grown muskmelon with different inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Journal of plant nutrition, 33(1), 130-141.
[5]. Kovar, J. L., & Barber, S. A. (1990). Potassium supply characteristics of thirty-three soils as influenced by seven rates of potassium. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54(5), 1356-1361.

ABSTRACT: A study was carried out to explore the cost and returns of ragi under rainfed condition and irrigated situation in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka (CDZ) in 2015-16 and its market combativeness. To analyse cost and returns; and marketable surplus, the techniques such as tabular method with percentage and numbers were used. Random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 160 farmers for the study, which comprises of 45 irrigated farmers and 45 rainfed farmers in Tumakuru and Hassan districts of Karnataka, as they are the major ragi growing districts of Karnataka. The study showed that cost structure for rainfed and irrigated ragi were Rs. 45,979 and Rs. 57,904 respectively. Yield was higher in irrigated (28.50 q/ha) compared with rainfed situation (1700 q/ha). Per hectare gross returns were Rs. 41,075 and............

Keywords: Cost and net returns, rainfed situation, irrigated situation, marketable surplus, Central Dry Zone (CDZ).

[1] Anonymous, 2014, www.indiabudget.nic.in, Accessed on 2014.
[2] Anonymous, 2015, www.eands.dacnet.nic.in, Accessed on 2015.
[3] Jimjel Zalkuwi, Rakesh Singh, Madhusudan Bhattarai, Singh, O. P. and Dayakar, B., 2015, Production cost and return; Comparative analysis of sorghum in India and Nigeria. Economics, 4 (2): 18-21.
[4] Lal Harbans and Sharma, K. D., 2006, Economics of potato production in Lahaul valley of Himachal Pradesh. Potato Journal,33 (3-4): 139-143.
[5] Narayanamoorthy, A., 2013, Profitability in crops cultivation in India: Some evidence from cost of cultivation survey data. Ind. J. Agric. Econ.,68 (1): 104-121..

ABSTRACT: In this study, sorghum seeds were exposed to a static magnetic field strength 125 mT for different periods of time (0, 3, 6 and 9) hour, after magnetic treatment, the seeds were immediately irradiated with UV-C radiation at 254 nm for different periods time (0, 30 and 60) minute. The selected germination and growth seedling were Percentage of germinated seeds, a speed of germination, seedling and root length, and the number of leaves.Results showed that the magnetic treatment of sorghum seeds showed a significant effect on all germination and seedling growth parameters, where the 6-hour magnetic treatment showed the significant positive effect on all studied parameters except roots length.The highest value of germination speed and seedling length showed in magnetically treated seeds of 6 hours with a significantly positive effect which increased by 40.50%, 44.94%, respectively.............

Keywords: Sorghum, static magnetic field, UV-C radiation, germination, seedling growth

[1] AboulFotouh M.M., Moawad F.G., ElNaggar H.A, Tag El-Din M.A., SharafEldeen H.A., 2014.Influence of seed treatment with UV-C on saline stress tolerance in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Biol. Chem. Environ. Sci. 9 (2): 391-414.
[2] Aguilara J. O, Riverob S.D, Puentesa E.A, Perillaa V.E.P, Navarro S. M.A,2015. Comparison of the Effects in the Germination and Growth of Corn Seeds (Zea Mays L.) by Exposure to Magnetic, Electrical and Electromagnetic Fields. Chemical Engineering Transactions.43:169-174.
[3] Aladjadjiyan A,2010.Influence of stationary magnetic field on lentil seeds.Int. Agrophys. 24:321-324
[4] Aladjadjiyan A,2002. Study of the influence of magnetic field on some biological characteristics of ZeaMais.Journal of Central European Agriculture. 3:89-94
[5] Asgharipour M.R, Omrani M.R, 2011 Effects of Seed Pretreatment By Stationary Magnetic Fields on Germination and EarlyGrowth of Lentil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 1650-1654

ABSTRACT: Food is a basic need of society to support the quality of health, social and political stability in a state. The food needed is in ready-to-eat and non-processed food. To provide ready-to-eat food, it is required production process of non agricultural or agricultural raw materials in a broad sense (crops and horticulture, plantation, forestry, fishery and livestock). The cultivation of crops is currently done by housewife farmer groups in their house yards.Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors which influence the sustainability of the group in the utilization of yard through the program of Sustainably Food House. The research method used was descriptive quantitative method. Data were obtained from 64 respondents through questionnaire. The respondents were from sustainable groups and unsustainable groups. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis............

Keywords: Challenge, housewife farmer groups, sustainable, yard.

[1] Aaiman Ahmad. 2016. BudidayaSayuranSistim Vertikultur.http://tooreeman.blogspot.co.id/2016/02/budidaya-sayuran-sistim-vertikultur.html
[2] Anwas.2012.Pengaruh Pendidikan Formal, Pelatihan, danIntensitasPertemuanTerhadapKompetensiPenyuluhPertanian. PustekkomKemdikbud. Tangerang Selatan. Banten.
[3] BadanKetahanPanganKementerianPertanian, 2015. PedomanPelaksanaanGerakanPercepatanPenganekaragamanKonsumsiPangan (P2KP)Tahun 2015.
[4] BadanLitbangPertanian. 2012. PengembanganKawasanRumahPangan Lestari. BadanPenelitiandanPengembanganPertanian. KementerianPertanian. Jakarta.
[5] BPS Kota Mataram. 2015. Mataram Dalam Angka Tahun 2015

ABSTRACT: Lactobacillus plantarum RSLP003 was isolated from Fruit juice wastes and identified by phenotypic studies as well as biochemical characterization. A cost effective growth medium for Lactobacillus plantarum RSLP003 was optimized. In the present study, Modified MRS (MMRS) medium was formulated by using Cabbage juice medium (CJM) and half strength MRS medium, which showed highest yield in broth (5.2X109/ml)and cell pellet (4.5X1011/g).Co-Microencapsulation was done employing Calcium alginate, Pregelatinized starch, Chitosan, Flax seed oil and Inulin. Inulin was used as a Prebiotic. Survivability of co-microencapsulated cells were checked in low pH condition............

Keywords: Cabbage juice medium (CJM), Co-Microencapsulation, Lactobacillus plantarum, Prebiotic, Simulated gastric environment.

[1]. Amal Bakr Shori, Microencapsulation Improved Probiotics Survival during Gastric Transit, HAYATI Journal of Biosciences xxx, 2017, 1-5.
[2]. Alex Galanis, YiannisKourkoutas, Chrysoula C. Tassou and Nikos Chorianopoulos, Detection and Identification of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Strains by Multiplex PCR Using RAPD-Derived Primers, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 25141-25153.
[3]. Neethu Maria Jose , Craig R. Bunt and Malik Altaf Hussain,Comparison of Microbiological and Probiotic Characteristics of Lactobacilli Isolates from Dairy Food Products and Animal Rumen Contents,Microorganisms 2015, 3, 198-212.
[4]. MichielKleerebezem, Jos Boekhors, Richard van Kranenburg, DouweMolenaar, Oscar P. Kuipers, Rob Leer,RenatoTarchini, Sander A. Peters, Hans M. Sandbrink, Mark W. E. J. Fiers, Willem Stiekema, Rene´ M. Klein Lankhorst, Peter A. Bron, Sally M. Hoffer, Masja N. Nierop Groot, Robert Kerkhoven, Maaike de Vries, BjournUrsing, Willem M. de Vos, and Roland J. Siezen, Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1,PNAS,2003.1990-1995.
[5]. Molin G., The role of Lactobacillus plantarum in foods and in human health, Handbook of fermented functional foods, (Farnworth, E.R (Ed), 2010).

ABSTRACT: Morphometric characteristics of White Fulani (Bunaji) bulls fed elephant grass forage supplemented with varying levels of an Agro industrial by-products (AIBP) based diet in feedlot were evaluated in this study .The bulls were two years of age and had an average weight of 117 kg. The animals were randomly assigned to three treatments of two replicates in a completely randomized design and fed the experimental diets at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% body weights, corresponding to T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The experimental diets were formulated using maize, palm kernel cake (PKC), brewers dried grain (BDG), bone ash and salt. Morphometric characteristics evaluated were: right and left testicular lengths, epididymal and vas deferens lengths, penis lengths, right and left scrotal circumference, right and left testicular volume, as well as, right and left caput, corpus, cauda and vas deferens weights. At the end of 90 days...........

Keywords:Anova, Bulls, Diets, Morphometric, Peformance, White Fulani. .

[1] Ahmad NM, Ahmad M, Khan, IH, Ahmad, &Anzer M (1985). Postmortem studies in infertile buffalo bulls. Anatomical and Microbiological findings.Net Research, 117 (5)104 – 109.
[2] Ahemen T, Bitto II &Anugwa FOI (2011). Sperm production rate, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of West African Dwarf rams in the Sourthern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Nig. J. Anim. Sci.,13: 29-35.
[3] AlmquistJO&Amann RP (1961). Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls 11; Gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves as determined by direct counts and depletion trials.:dimeons and weight of genitalia. Journal of Dairy Science,44(4): 1668
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[5] Babayemi OJ, Bamikole MA &Omojola AB (2006). Evaluation of the nutritive value and free choice intake of two aquatic weeds (NephrolepisbiserarteandSpirodelapolyrhiza) by WAD goats. Tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecosystem 6:15 – 22

ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out during 2016 in Fulbaria Upazila, Mymensingh District to assess the financial viability of vermicompost farms. Data were during the period of mid-March to mid-April, 2016. The findings suggested that majority of vermicompost producers were illiterate and had nuclear families and frequency sale of vermicompost was monthly (62%). The total cost of production of vermicompost was found Tk. 4174.3 per kg. The net returns of vermicompost was Tk.5196.1 per kg. Undiscounted BCR for vermicompost considering total variable cost and gross cost were 2.24 and 2.89 respectively. Financial viability of average size of vermicomposting farm for the economic life............

Keywords: Profitability, Benefit cost ratio, Net present value; Internal rate of return1.

[1] Dillion JL, Hardaker JB (1993). "Farm management research for small farmer development", FAO Farm Management Series, Rome. p. 30. Practical Action Nepal (2008). "Best practices on solid waste management of Nepalese cities", Practical Action Nepal, PO Box 15135, PandolMarga, Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[2] Groppell A.A. and E. Nikbakht (2006). Finance. 5th edition. Barron's educational Series, Inc. New York. USA.
[3] http://vermicompostbd.com/
[4] Reddy BV, Honnaiah C, Reddy PNS, Kale RD, Balakrishna AN (2009). "Economics of vermicompost production and marketing in Southern Karnataka", Mysore J. Agric. Sci., Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 125-131.
[5] Shivakumara C (2008). "Production and marketing of vermicompost in Karnataka: A case of Dharwad district", unpublished M.Sc. Thesis. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT: The Study aimed to determine the cognitive training needs level of the Agricultural officers in following up with disseminating the agricultural technologies in each of its aspects and the relation with some independent factors. Questionnaire tool was used in collecting the data, and it consisted of 1- Independent factors, such as age, education level, experience and training courses attended, 2- a scale for the cognitive training needs level of the focus individuals. The scale consisted of 32 paragraphs distributed on eight item (Concept, targets, plan, and the report of following up with disseminating the technologies, technology to be disseminated, data and information, problems and deviations and indicators). Four grades (High, medium, low and no needs) allocated and digitally weighted as 3,2,1...........

Keywords: cognitive needs, Monitoring, dissemination of agricultural technologies

[1] Abdul Salam, M. A. Modern Technology and Agricultural Development in The Arab World , Kuwait 1982, pp:9-247.
[2] Abdul-Alalee K. T.M. 2007. A Study in the prospects for agricultural development in Iraq, QadisiyahJournal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 2(9),2007,129-144
[3] Al- Taaee, H.K.,. Productivity gap in the transfer of agricultural technology process. The Iraqi Journal of Agriculture, 3(2),200,44 .
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[5] Al- Taaee, H.K. andKhalid. O. Al. Qaraqull. Some reasons related limited of the spread of modern irrigation technologies in the district of mahaweel - babylon province, The EuphratesJournal for Agricultural Sciences,5 (4),2013, 521-533.

ABSTRACT: Breast milk does not provide adequate amount of nutrient for infant beyond six month of age. Malnutrition during infancy, an endemic public health nutritional challenge in Africa at large and Nigeria in particular, presents proportionate health challenges during adulthood. Such nutritional challenges do not only arise from inadequate intake of food nutrients, but also poor absorption that lead poor efficiency ratio. Therefore, the amount of selected dietary elements obtained from a legume-cereal based complementary food required to bring about a unit growth was studied in 45 Male Wistar-strain weaning rats weighing 40 - 55g. The result showed that CF has a significantly higher...........

Keywords: Mineral efficiency Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio, Complementary Food, Bioavailability, Dietary Element

[1] Federal Ministry of Health Saving newborn lives in Nigeria: Newborn health in the context of the Integrated Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Strategy, Second edition, 2011
[2] Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (DHS), 2008.
[3] WHO (2001), Complementary feeding: Report of the global consultation. Accessed from http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/Complementary_Feeding.pdf [4] Santos I, Victora CG, Martines J, Gonçalves H, Gigante DP, Valle NJ, Pelto G (2001). Nutrition counselling increases weight gain among Brazilian children. Journal of Nutrition 131 (11): 2866−2873. [5] Dupont C (2003). Protein requirements during the first year of life. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(6): 15445-15495. [6] Young VR, Yu YM, Fukagawa NK (1991). Protein and energy interactions throughout life. Metabolic basis and nutritional implications. ActaPediatrScand Suppl., 375:5-24.

ABSTRACT: The study focused on the production marketing of rabbits and the challenges faced by the smallholder rabbit farmers in the four wardsof Mt Darwin District. The wards were purposively selected. A descriptive survey method was employed to 85 smallholder rabbit farmers identified through snowballing method. Results confirm that rabbits are kept mainly for consumption purposes, as66% of the rabbits produced were consumed and only 34% were sold. The major challenges faced by farmers in producing and marketing rabbits were inadequate extension services, inadequate feeds, lack of markets and some religious beliefs. Farmers do not normallymarket their rabbits...........

Keywords: Rabbits, vulnerable, incomesecurity, panacea

[1] Ajala M.K. and Balogun J.K. (2004).Economics of rabbit production in Zaria.Kaduna State.Tropical Journal. Animal Science Volume 7 Issue 1:1-10
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ABSTRACT: This study assessed farmers' awareness of the existence of plant diseases in Ukwa East and Ukwa West Local Government Areas of Abia State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select ninety (90) respondents. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires, and were presented using simple descriptive statistical tools such as frequency, percentage and mean. Cursory checks were conducted on the farms to ascertain the prevalence of diseases of crops cultivated and farmers' awareness. Results showed that common disease of crops prevailed in the two local government areas. The level of plant disease awareness was very low amongst the farmers as they perceived the symptoms of these diseases as a passing growth phase of the crops. The disease symptoms were not at epidemic levels as to warrant urgent attention. It is therefore recommended that extension services should intensify efforts to sensitize the farmers on the adverse effects of disease and how to properly identify these diseases in their farms.

Keywords: Awareness, Abia state, Nigeria, Plant disease, Ukwa East, Ukwa West

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